Logarithmic and Exponential Functions 26-08-24

Index Form
Log Form

Power/Index /order/Exponent
- Argument
>
-
b >
A =

Base
C

logc - b a
"log I base a
equalsb"
Base

① conversion Rule
(log - Index)
log form Index form

25
logs
a ,en = 8

34
log
b .
8 - 81

25
=2 5225
C .

log
42
log
d .
16 = = 16

①
loga-ba
30
logs
1 0 /
f = =
 O
G

25
16 .

log32-
C .
=

j
log =
-

25 .

10g64-d 2
e .

log6
20 =
64
z6

O ⑧

O O

a
logk =
4
a log = 4 e
10g
14 he

>
-
n = 2 n =
54 = 144
*
16 625 - 12
only
K =
a=

It i 2 -
3u 53 3n 123
-

g.
= =

2-34 = 125 x =
-

41
②
log6 1
logs log
i
=

logy-o by log
⑥ ! -
0 O

③
Toga cloga
a .

log1
= 2
Alternatively ,
log-Tog-Glog-2L j
j

10 ) log
W

log
· = :

log-log2x2 To .

solving exponential equations using logs (Ig or (n) 28-08-24

called
⑤
log with base 10 is
ly
①28 ②4
I
&
i
logs =

As
3 4
Es
n =

ii
log 7 ly7 =

&" >
ii
log 10 Igi 3
-

= u=

③ G 9- Use
=

logs
.
in
10g100 1100 Ego2
, - -

2g0-2

loga-la
⑥ called In
log with base e is

Ina
las
loga -

G
(b) In e =
1 Base is 10 ⑧

-
1 Se 2-2

e' "eulers constant

:
: 2 718 .
..

Examples
23= 8
-log
8.

i .
245

write
Using Ig log form
in

L
-2 5

2 5

① Introduce
lg on both sides
logs
2
by lgs = =
logs2
② Use rule & make In the subject 2 32
power x .
=

algh lg 5=

U =

Gs
2 b

③ Evaluate R N = 6 32.
ii .
3"-1 = 10 in 49 in St , 120

3 = 11 Stu" In9 :

Sty5+D. by 120
Flg3 =
By 11 un4-In 9
Us In U +1) G5 1120 =

Mut
Clg3 IgH =

=
Ro l U =
1 58
. u+ 1

lg3
u= 2 18.

x
g
yo 1
-

lgs
⑯97 - ANS

FANS 1-120
+

Examples" "Recommended log function is In

a .
e" =
7 bo e-us

-(1-u)
↑e In 7 = I e =
has
Ulue = In 7 (-u) Ine = Ins

U= In7 1 -
k = Is

n= 1 95. 1-15 = v

U= -
0 609
.

n+ 4

c .
7 =
3 a b = >
-

Recommended zn- 4 ,
gl
7432x3
4 54
-

Su
74 = 81 (5) = 81
T 181 -
eg(s)
2, 5 19 a
lg 18
-
 O O O O

a mu 3 c
M(x + b

?
= .

e-

e
3
R n+ 1
es =

e
3
x= e x= -
1

x =
20%
U= 1095 63 .

U= 1100
⑦
log to be defined
a
(Argument) b (Base)
loga a >0

b> 0 , by 1
logs log8 = Not Possible

log-8 Not Possible

log. Not Possible
= 2 =

log0
Not Possible
=

log5 = Not Possible

a >0

⑧ Product law

loga
+

logc =

log(x
or
logh 10g8 -log(4x8) log-
+ =

2 + 3 - 5

logab=loga logh on
+

⑨ Quotient law a
Kloga loga
K = -

loga-log-log
 -
-
6
- &
&
&

O
-
-

a.
log
is C ..

log2 +
log g .

Hlogs so
log8
+
log on Fog log
us

logy log 10g64-loga

log 6 .
4

n .

195-ao
195-1100
& Y 0
=

⑩ Change of Base new

log 64 10g8
-
= -
log625

g - - -
loga-log
log ,
(b) Reciprocal law

-
logab
=

loga
&
log
b

log
a = 1

log

logn )
a .
-or b .

109 (2)
,
log
logs
b
x =
gu
loge -

10 logi j

-X
G
logn
u -
1 +

It
flog
It
-

Ma
u3

⑪ 2
= 3

a = C x 3
=
solve the following equation
b
M = 2
&
↓ x

&
Y =
G

lo((ay 7) y)
-
x =

1g9
↑(ay -zy) a
=
-

Sij- 7y = 9

Sy"-zy-9 :
0

yXI or
y
45
.

4 5
y only
.

log -
① convert ② index
Convert into form
h into
log

log (nos log

75
& 8
87 1
25
>
 =

log (a) logs

@gsa- oh s

2a- 64

a= 32

- - b

-
lok-logty)" 31g10 -

Elgy Begt
Ignagy" 19 -
1000

lg () 1y 1000
-

g(1000
Ig (1000)

eg)u us)
&kzy =)
y) = X9
-

hi-ty-9 -
0

+1
y y-
=
,

y=

~
2 +
p

Hogu" log25 4-64

-

4" =
256

Flogm-4
+p -

2+ (7p 4) 4
logn
5
p p
-
-

= = n .

G+ p -

7p + 4 = 5

⑯H Final Answer
logy -
= U= 1 26
. +
.

⑮
 Substitution

S S

blogn 9 log ?
40g
=

let
y log,
=

4)gu) -

hy 9xt

T
=

log
Our log
i
hy =

-4 logn 1 -

?
by" -
9 a, 3 or 3

'=
y 9 U- or

n
y +
=

logn-3
or
logn- u
3 -
x = 3 n=
3

i
a
- x=

-E
= ↓
 b

lo,
g
u = A

a +
↓ S
-

2
log
>
-

a+ 1 =
5 &

G 2

+
E
1 =

2a + 2 =
5a

Lat - 5a + 2 -
0

2 a
1
a= =
,

log =
2 or
logn
= 3t or n =
3
n =
9 5
,
Word Problems

[I]

t
a .
N = 100 x & b
. N = 10 000
, , 000 to ?!
,
12
N = 100X2

N = 409 600
,
>
- 10 , 000 000 =
,
100xhte
2 10
,
000 000
,
100

Ty27 11 = 00 000
,

Elgt= so
t=

Igh
t = 16 6
.

- > 16 6 :

.E
-
15K
1000 2000
m(t)
.
a -
e
-

15K .
b

15K
-

e
↓
I eTk h k =
h(z) = -
15
[
bb
K 0 0462
:
.
 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions

Worksheet 2

(Product, Quotient, Change of Base and Reciprocal Law)

Q1. S21/qp12/q5(a,b,c)

a. Given that 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑝 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 20, find the value of 𝑝. [2]
b. Solve the equation 3 + 8(3 ) − 3 = 0. [3]
c. Solve the equation 4𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 = 4. [3]

Q2. W21/qp14/q6(a,b)

a. Solve the simultaneous equations

𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 + 𝑦) = 0
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 + 1) = 2𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 [4]
b. Given that 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑞 × 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑝 = 𝐴, find the value of the constant 𝐴. [3]

Q3. W19/qp12/q6(b)

b. Solve 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 2𝑙𝑜𝑔 7 = 3. [4]

Q4. W19/qp13/q8(a)

a. Given that 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑝 and 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 = 𝑞 find, in terms of 𝑝 and 𝑞,

i. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎𝑥𝑦 [2]
ii. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) [2]
iii. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 [1]

Q5. S19/qp11/q7(a,b)

a. Solve 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 12. [3]

b. Solve 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (3𝑦 − 10) = 2𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑦 − 1) + . [5]
Q6. W18/qp13/q5

(i) Show that 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2. [2]

(ii) Hence solve 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 3 . [3]

Q7. S18/qp12/q9(a(ii))

Write 𝑙𝑔𝑎 − 2𝑙𝑔𝑏 + 3 𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚. [3]

Q8. S18/qp11/q6

a. Write (𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑝)(𝑙𝑜𝑔 2) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑞 as a single logarithm to base 3. [3]

b. Given that (𝑙𝑜𝑔 5) − 4 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 + 3 = 0, find the possible values of 𝑎. [3]

Q9. W14/qp13/q7

Solve the equation 1 + 2𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (18𝑥 − 9) . [5]

Q10. W13/qp13/q2
-
Solve 2 lg 𝑦 − lg(5𝑦 + 60) = 1. [5]

Ag-1g(sy+60) = 1

Est
:
y 50y
= 600 +

600 0
yo 50y
-
-
-

t
 Answers
(Product, Quotient, Change of Base and Reciprocal Law)
Q1. S21/qp12/q5(a,b,c)
Q2. W21/qp14/q6(a,b)

Q3. W19/qp12/q6(b)
Q4. W19/qp13/q8(a)
Q5. S19/qp11/q7(a,b)
Q6. W18/qp13/q5

Q7. S18/qp12/q9(a(ii))
Q8. S18/qp11/q6

Q9. W14/qp13/q7

Q10. W13/qp13/q2