Name: ________________________________________ ID No: ________________ Sec: ________

Reinforced Concrete Structures I Test #1: 10% (May 29 2021) [Closed Book] Time: 20min
1. Explain the difference between characteristic load and design load as well as characteristic
strength and design strength. What are the reasons for applying material and load safety factor?
Why is the material safety factor for concrete larger than that of Steel? (2pts)
 Chxtic load & Chxtic strength: True or actual value of loads and strength respectively.
 Design Load: factorized or increased value of loads due to uncertainty in the loads to be
imposed
 Design strength: Reduced strength of materials (for uncertainty in attaining strength of
materials)
 Steel is fabricated in factory (high level of quality control) while concrete is usually produced
at site (low level of quality control)
= = /
= = /
= 3 ∗ 10 / 9.8 /
= 3 ∗ 10 / 10 /
2. 3KN is equivalent to____300 to 306____ Kg (1pts)
= 3000/9.8 = 306
= 3000 . / /10 / = 300

3. The maximum value of failure strain of concrete in bending is: __0.0035__ (1pts)

4. Which of the following is not true about the three possible reinforced rectangular sections: (1pt)

a) If steel‟s design stress fyd is reaching before the concrete reaches its maximum strain εcu =
0.0035 the failure is tension failure and hence section is under-reinforced section.

b) If As is large, concrete fails under compression prior to steel reaching its design yield value.
The section is over-reinforced.

c) If both steel reaches fyd and concrete reaches a strain of 0.0035 simultaneously, the section
is called balanced section.

d) All e) None

5. Which one of the following is not true about the factors affecting shrinkage? (1 pt)

a) Shrinkage can be decreased by increasing the Environmental humidity.

b) Shrinkage increases as Water-cement ratio increases.
c) Shrinkage increases as Duration of exposure increases
d) Shrinkage increases as earlier duration of loading
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Name: ________________________________________ ID No: ________________ Sec: ________

e) Shrinkage decreases as Percentage of steel increases

f) None
6. For a stress strain relationship of concrete under compression, the value of failure strain of
lowgrade concrete is greater than that of high-grade concrete.(True/False): __TRUE__(1 pt)

7. What is reason behind considering the critical section for shear at ‘d’ distance from the face of
support. (1 pt)

___the crack propagating d-distance from the face of support at 45ͦ will get column face and hence
cannot further propagate by splitting the column. __

8. During designing a T-beam, the beam may be treated as a rectangular beam of width bw , if;
(1pt)
a) The section is subjected to positive bending moments and the neutral axis falls in flange.

b) The section is subjected to positive bending moments and the neutral axis falls in web

c) The section is subjected to negative bending moments and the neutral axis falls in flange.

d) The section is subjected to negative bending moments and the neutral axis falls in web.

e) C and D

f) None

9. During designing a T-beam, the beam may be treated as a rectangular beam of width be , if; (1pt)

a) The section is subjected to positive bending moments and the neutral axis falls in flange.

b) The section is subjected to positive bending moments and the neutral axis falls in web

c) The section is subjected to negative bending moments and the neutral axis falls in flange.

d) The section is subjected to negative bending moments and the neutral axis falls in web.

e) C and D

f) None

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 Name: __________________________________________ ID No: ________________ Sec: _______

Reinforced Concrete Structures I _Test #2: 15% (May 29 2021) [Open Book] Time: 1 hr
1. Suppose the tensile reinforcements calculated to carry a given load for a specific singly
reinforced beam is 6Ø24mm and the maximum area of reinforcements you can use for this beam
(according to EBCS2/1995s’ provisions) is AS, max = 2400 mm2. The cross-sectional dimensions
b/d=200/300 are limited for architectural purpose (i.e. you cannot increase or decrease the cross-
sectional dimensions b & h). As a designer what will be your solution to this beam? (5 pts)

Solution:

∗ 24
=6 = 2713 > , = 2400
4
, 2713 − 2400 = 313
Whether the section is singly reinforced or doubly reinforced, total area of tension zone
reinforcements shall not exceed the maximum value that we can use for this particular section.
The only solution(s) we have is (are):
 Increasing material strength
 Designing the beam by allowing some moment redistribution as per EBCS-2:1995
If the above solutions are not working and if it is not possible to eliminate the exceeded area of
steel (i.e 313 mm2), the beam should not be constructed or the design must be revised.

2. Design the beam shown below for flexure to support a uniform permanent load of 20kN/m
including its weight and variable load of 10kN/m if the section is limited due to architectural
reason b= 250mm & d =500mm use C-25 concrete & S-300 steel class I work. (10 pts)

Hint: Critical sections for flexural design are section A-A and section B-B

A B

A B
Concrete Cover, = 25
Diameter of Main bars, ∅ = 16
Diameter of stirrups, ∅ = 8
Assume any reasonable data if necessary
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 Name: __________________________________________ ID No: ________________ Sec: _______

Step 1: Materials properties Step 2: Load Analysis

− 25 : Total factored design load:
25
= = 20 = 1.3 + 1.6 = 1.3(20) + 1.6(10) = 42
1.25

0.85 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 20
= = = 11.33 External Analysis
1.5 1.5

0.21 ∗ ( ) 0.21 ∗ (20)

=0
= = = 1.032
1.5 1.5
6 2
− 300 : (6 ) − (42 ∗ 6) − (42 ∗ 2) 6 + =0
2 2
300 (6 ) = 1344
= 300 & = = = 260.87
1.15 1.15
=
42 kN/m

+→ = 0, =0
3m 3m 2m
+↑ =0
42 kN/m
+ − 42(6 + 2) = 0

RAX=0 = 336 − = 336 − 224 =

3m 3m 2m

RAY=112 RBY=224

VX
42 kN/m
Internal Analysis: Section A---A
MX
+ =0 X

− 112( ) + 42( ) =0 RAY =112 kN

2
+↑ =0
= 112 − 21
112 + − 42( ) = 0
To locate maximum span moment
= 42 − 112
(Where shear force is nearly zero)
@ = 0, = 42(0) − 112 = −
= = 112 − 42 = 0, = 2.67 @ = 6, = 42(6) − 112 =

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 Name: __________________________________________ ID No: ________________ Sec: _______

@ = 0, =0

@ = 2.67, = 112(2.67) − 21(2 ) = . ….. −−

@ = 6, = 112(6) − 21(6 ) = − ….. —−

Internal Analysis (Taking Section B------B): For Verification of Max Negative Moment

+ =0
+↑ =0
42 kN/m
− − 42( ) =0 MX
− − 42( ) = 0
2
= −21 = −42
VX X @ = 0, = −42(0 =
@ = 0, =0
@ = 2, = −42(2) = −
@ = 2, = −21(2 ) = − ….

Step 2: Design Mid span Section A---A

= 149.3
∅ 16
ℎ = − − − ∅ = 500 − 25 − − 8 = 459
2 2
Ultimate moment resistance of a singly reinforced limited section (i.e being under reinforced);

= 0.2952 = 0.2952(250)(459 )(11.33) ∗ 10 = 176.16 > = 149.3

∴ !

2 2(149.3)(10 ) 11.33
= 1− 1− ∗ = 1− 1− ∗ = 0.0127
(250)(459 )(11.33) 260.87

0.6 0.6
= = = 0.002 < = 0.0127 … . !
300
= = 0.0127(250)(459) = 1461.03

Number of Ø16mm diameter rods

1461.03
= = = 7.27 ≈ 8
(∅ )/4 (16 )/4

∗ 16
=8 = 1607.68
4

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 Name: __________________________________________ ID No: ________________ Sec: _______

However, it is necessary to check for maximum reinforcement too:

1607.68
= = = 0.014
250 ∗ 459
0.8 0.0035 0.8(11.33) 0.0035 ∗ 2 ∗ 10
= = = 0.025
0.0035 + 260.87 0.0035 ∗ 2 ∗ 10 + 260.87
= 0.75 = 0.75(0.025) = 0.019 > = 0.014 … !

∴ −−−

Minimum Space required = (4 * 16) + (5 * 25) + (2 * 8) = 205 mm < b = 250 mm Hence ok

This is for two row rebar arrangement and ‘d’ must be revised. However if you want single raw
of arrangement change the diameter of rebar to 24mm.

1461.03
= = = 3.27 ≈ 4
(∅ )/4 (24 )/4

Minimum Space required = (4 * 24) + (5 * 25) + (2 * 8) = 237 mm < b = 250 mm Hence ok

Step 3: Design Support Section B---B

2 2(84)(10 ) 11.33
= 1− 1− ∗ = 1− 1− ∗ = 0.0066
(250)(459 )(11.33) 260.87

0.6 0.6
= = = 0.002 < = 0.0066 … . !
300
= = 0.0066(250)(459) = 759.37
Ø8mm
@c/c200
Number of Ø16mm diameter rods 4Ø16mm
8Ø16mm or
759.37
= = = 3.78 ≈ 4 4Ø24mm Ø8mm
(∅ )/4 (16 )/4 @c/c200

∗ 16
=4 = 804.25
4 Section A--A Section B--B

∴ −−−

No need to repeat other check as they were done for section A---A

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 Name: __________________________________________ ID No: ________________ Sec: _______

Software Verification: SAP2000 V14

Reaction diagram
(RD)

Shear Force Diagram

(SFD)

Bending moment diagram

(BMD)

Design

(Area of reinforcements)

Exactly same area of rebar as manual design

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