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05 Apr 2025

The document explains the Second Normal Form (2NF) and Third Normal Form (3NF) in database normalization, detailing the conditions required for each form. It defines key concepts such as full dependency, partial dependency, and transitive dependency, providing examples for clarity. Solutions for decomposing tables to meet normalization standards are also illustrated.

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abhisheksinghparmar2003
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15 views2 pages

05 Apr 2025

The document explains the Second Normal Form (2NF) and Third Normal Form (3NF) in database normalization, detailing the conditions required for each form. It defines key concepts such as full dependency, partial dependency, and transitive dependency, providing examples for clarity. Solutions for decomposing tables to meet normalization standards are also illustrated.

Uploaded by

abhisheksinghparmar2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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05-04-2025:

================================
Second normal form(2NF):
=======================
- For a table to be in the Second Normal Form, it must satisfy two
conditions:
1. The table should be in the First Normal Form.
2. There should be no Partial Dependency.

WHAT IS DEPENDENCY:
===================
- IN A TABLE IF NON-KEY COLUMNS (NON PRIMARY KEY) ARE DEPENDS ON
KEY COLUMN (PRIMARY KEY) THEN IT IS CALLED AS FULLY DEPENDENCY / FUNCTIONAL
DEPENDENCY.

EX:
(pk) Student_Details
================================
STID SNAME BRANCH GENDER
=================================

- Here, “STID “IS A KEY COLUMN and “SNAME”,”BRANCH”,”GENDER” ARE


NON-KEY COLUMNS.
These non-key columns are linked with key column is STID.so that in this
table
there is no partial dependency columns.

WHAT IS PARTIAL DEPENDENCY:


==========================
- IN A TABLE IF NON-KEY COLUMN DEPENDS ON THE PART OF THE KEY COLUMN,
THEN IT IS CALLED AS PARTIAL DEPENDENCY.

<PRIMARY KEY (stu_id,sub_id) / COMPOSITE PRIMARY KEY>


EX: STU_ID SUB_ID STU_MARKS TEACHER

- Here, “STU_ID and SUB_ID “ IS A KEY COLUMNS - ” STU_MARKS”,” TEACHER” ARE


NON-KEY COLUMNS. THEN “TEACHER” DEPENDS ON “SUB_ID” BUT NOT “STU_ID” COLUMN.
- Here we found a partial dependency column is "TEACHER" so that we need to
do decompose a table like below,

Solution:
=========
Ex:
Subject_Table Student_table
============ =============
(pk) (pk) (fk)
SUB_ID SUB_NAME TEACHER STU_ID STU_MARKS SUB_ID

3. Third normal form(3NF):


=======================
- For a table to be in the third normal form there is two conditions.
1. It should be in the Second Normal form.
2. And it should not have Transitive Dependency.

TRANSITIVE DEPENDENCY:
=======================
- IN TABLE IF NON-KEY COLUMN DEPENDS ON ANOTHER NON-KEY COLUMN,
THEN IT IS CALLED AS TRANSITIVE DEPENDENCY.
EX:
|--------CPK-----------|
STUDENT_ID SUBJECT_ID STU_MARKS EXAM_NAME TOTAL_MARKS
=========== ========== ========== =========== =============

- Here, “STU_ID and SUB_ID “ ARE KEY COLUMNS . ” EXAM_NAME”,” TOTAL_MARKS”


ARE NON-KEY COLUMNS. THEN “TOTAL_MARKS” DEPENDS ON “EXAM_NAME” BUT NOT
“STU_ID and SUB_ID” COLUMNS.
- Here we found transitive dependency columns are "EXAM_NAME" and
"TOTAL_MARKS"
so that we need to do decompose the above table into multiple tables.

Solution:
=========
(pk) Exam_Table (cpk) Score_Table
(fk)
================================== ========================================
EXAM_ID EXAM_NAME TOTAL_MARKS STUDENT_ID SUBJECT_ID STU_MARKS
EXAM_ID
================================== =========================================
1 ORACLE 100 1021 ORA101 80 1

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