© Copyright, Princeton University Press.

No part of this book may be

distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical
means without prior written permission of the publisher.

Contents

Preface ix II.25 Markov Chains 116

Contributors xiii II.26 Model Reduction 117
II.27 Multiscale Modeling 119
II.28 Nonlinear Equations and Newton’s Method 120
II.29 Orthogonal Polynomials 122
Part I Introduction to Applied
II.30 Shocks 122
Mathematics II.31 Singularities 124
II.32 The Singular Value Decomposition 126
I.1 What Is Applied Mathematics? 1
II.33 Tensors and Manifolds 127
I.2 The Language of Applied Mathematics 8
II.34 Uncertainty Quantification 131
I.3 Methods of Solution 27
II.35 Variational Principle 134
I.4 Algorithms 40
II.36 Wave Phenomena 134
I.5 Goals of Applied Mathematical Research 48
I.6 The History of Applied Mathematics 55

Part III Equations, Laws, and

Part II Concepts Functions of Applied
Mathematics
II.1 Asymptotics 81
II.2 Boundary Layer 82 III.1 Benford’s Law 135
II.3 Chaos and Ergodicity 82 III.2 Bessel Functions 137
II.4 Complex Systems 83 III.3 The Black–Scholes Equation 137
II.5 Conformal Mapping 84 III.4 The Burgers Equation 138
II.6 Conservation Laws 86 III.5 The Cahn–Hilliard Equation 138
II.7 Control 88 III.6 The Cauchy–Riemann Equations 139
II.8 Convexity 89 III.7 The Delta Function and Generalized
II.9 Dimensional Analysis and Scaling 90 Functions 139
II.10 The Fast Fourier Transform 94 III.8 The Diffusion Equation 142
II.11 Finite Differences 95 III.9 The Dirac Equation 142
II.12 The Finite-Element Method 96 III.10 Einstein’s Field Equations 144
II.13 Floating-Point Arithmetic 96 III.11 The Euler Equations 146
II.14 Functions of Matrices 97 III.12 The Euler–Lagrange Equations 147
II.15 Function Spaces 99 III.13 The Gamma Function 148
II.16 Graph Theory 101 III.14 The Ginzburg–Landau Equation 148
II.17 Homogenization 103 III.15 Hooke’s Law 149
II.18 Hybrid Systems 103 III.16 The Korteweg–de Vries Equation 150
II.19 Integral Transforms and Convolution 104 III.17 The Lambert W Function 151
II.20 Interval Analysis 105 III.18 Laplace’s Equation 155
II.21 Invariants and Conservation Laws 106 III.19 The Logistic Equation 156
II.22 The Jordan Canonical Form 112 III.20 The Lorenz Equations 158
II.23 Krylov Subspaces 113 III.21 Mathieu Functions 159
II.24 The Level Set Method 114 III.22 Maxwell’s Equations 160

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vi Contents

III.23 The Navier–Stokes Equations 162 IV.36 Information Theory 545

III.24 The Painlevé Equations 163 IV.37 Applied Combinatorics and Graph Theory 552
III.25 The Riccati Equation 165 IV.38 Combinatorial Optimization 564
III.26 Schrödinger’s Equation 167 IV.39 Algebraic Geometry 570
III.27 The Shallow-Water Equations 167 IV.40 General Relativity and Cosmology 579
III.28 The Sylvester and Lyapunov Equations 168
III.29 The Thin-Film Equation 169
III.30 The Tricomi Equation 170
III.31 The Wave Equation 171
Part V Modeling
V.1 The Mathematics of Adaptation
(Or the Ten Avatars of Vishnu) 591
V.2 Sport 598
Part IV Areas of Applied
V.3 Inerters 604
Mathematics V.4 Mathematical Biomechanics 609
IV.1 Complex Analysis 173 V.5 Mathematical Physiology 616
IV.2 Ordinary Differential Equations 181 V.6 Cardiac Modeling 623
IV.3 Partial Differential Equations 190 V.7 Chemical Reactions 627
IV.4 Integral Equations 200 V.8 Divergent Series: Taming the Tails 634
IV.5 Perturbation Theory and Asymptotics 208 V.9 Financial Mathematics 640
IV.6 Calculus of Variations 218 V.10 Portfolio Theory 648
IV.7 Special Functions 227 V.11 Bayesian Inference in Applied Mathematics 658
IV.8 Spectral Theory 236 V.12 A Symmetric Framework with Many
Applications 661
IV.9 Approximation Theory 248
V.13 Granular Flows 665
IV.10 Numerical Linear Algebra and Matrix
Analysis 263 V.14 Modern Optics 673
IV.11 Continuous Optimization (Nonlinear and V.15 Numerical Relativity 680
Linear Programming) 281 V.16 The Spread of Infectious Diseases 687
IV.12 Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential V.17 The Mathematics of Sea Ice 694
Equations 293 V.18 Numerical Weather Prediction 705
IV.13 Numerical Solution of Partial Differential V.19 Tsunami Modeling 712
Equations 306 V.20 Shock Waves 720
IV.14 Applications of Stochastic Analysis 319 V.21 Turbulence 724
IV.15 Inverse Problems 327
IV.16 Computational Science 335
IV.17 Data Mining and Analysis 350
Part VI Example Problems
IV.18 Network Analysis 360
IV.19 Classical Mechanics 374 VI.1 Cloaking 733
IV.20 Dynamical Systems 383 VI.2 Bubbles 735
IV.21 Bifurcation Theory 393 VI.3 Foams 737
IV.22 Symmetry in Applied Mathematics 402 VI.4 Inverted Pendulums 741
IV.23 Quantum Mechanics 411 VI.5 Insect Flight 743
IV.24 Random-Matrix Theory 419 VI.6 The Flight of a Golf Ball 746
IV.25 Kinetic Theory 428 VI.7 Automatic Differentiation 749
IV.26 Continuum Mechanics 446 VI.8 Knotting and Linking of Macromolecules 752
IV.27 Pattern Formation 458 VI.9 Ranking Web Pages 755
IV.28 Fluid Dynamics 467 VI.10 Searching a Graph 757
IV.29 Magnetohydrodynamics 476 VI.11 Evaluating Elementary Functions 759
IV.30 Earth System Dynamics 485 VI.12 Random Number Generation 761
IV.31 Effective Medium Theories 500 VI.13 Optimal Sensor Location in the Control of
IV.32 Mechanics of Solids 505 Energy-Efficient Buildings 763
IV.33 Soft Matter 516 VI.14 Robotics 767
IV.34 Control Theory 523 VI.15 Slipping, Sliding, Rattling, and Impact:
IV.35 Signal Processing 533 Nonsmooth Dynamics and Its Applications 769

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means without prior written permission of the publisher.

Contents vii

VI.16 From the N-Body Problem to Astronomy and VII.19 Airport Baggage Screening with X-Ray
Dark Matter 771 Tomography 866
VI.17 The N-Body Problem and the Fast Multipole VII.20 Mathematical Economics 868
Method 775 VII.21 Mathematical Neuroscience 873
VI.18 The Traveling Salesman Problem 778 VII.22 Systems Biology 879
VII.23 Communication Networks 883
VII.24 Text Mining 887
VII.25 Voting Systems 891
Part VII Application Areas
VII.1 Aircraft Noise 783
VII.2 A Hybrid Symbolic–Numeric Approach to Part VIII Final Perspectives
Geometry Processing and Modeling 787
VII.3 Computer-Aided Proofs via Interval VIII.1 Mathematical Writing 897
Analysis 790 VIII.2 How to Read and Understand a Paper 903
VII.4 Applications of Max-Plus Algebra 795 VIII.3 How to Write a General Interest Mathematics
VII.5 Evolving Social Networks, Attitudes, and Book 906
Beliefs—and Counterterrorism 800 VIII.4 Workflow 912
VII.6 Chip Design 804 VIII.5 Reproducible Research in the Mathematical
VII.7 Color Spaces and Digital Imaging 808 Sciences 916
VII.8 Mathematical Image Processing 813 VIII.6 Experimental Applied Mathematics 925
VII.9 Medical Imaging 816 VIII.7 Teaching Applied Mathematics 933
VII.10 Compressed Sensing 823 VIII.8 Mediated Mathematics: Representations
VII.11 Programming Languages: An Applied of Mathematics in Popular Culture and
Mathematics View 828 Why These Matter 943
VII.12 High-Performance Computing 839 VIII.9 Mathematics and Policy 953
VII.13 Visualization 843
VII.14 Electronic Structure Calculations
(Solid State Physics) 847
Index 963
VII.15 Flame Propagation 852
VII.16 Imaging the Earth Using Green’s Theorem 857
VII.17 Radar Imaging 860
VII.18 Modeling a Pregnancy Testing Kit 864 Color plates follow page 364

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