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2012 END SPRING 2012 ECE Digital Communications

The document is an examination paper for the Digital Communications course at IIT Kharagpur, detailing the structure and content of the exam. It includes various questions on topics such as Gaussian random variables, correlation receivers, entropy, digital communication transceivers, and matched filtering. Students are instructed to answer any five questions with specific assumptions and approximations where necessary.

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7 views2 pages

2012 END SPRING 2012 ECE Digital Communications

The document is an examination paper for the Digital Communications course at IIT Kharagpur, detailing the structure and content of the exam. It includes various questions on topics such as Gaussian random variables, correlation receivers, entropy, digital communication transceivers, and matched filtering. Students are instructed to answer any five questions with specific assumptions and approximations where necessary.

Uploaded by

karthikr90637
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dept.

of E & E C E, liT Kharagptir


Semester Examination, Spring 2011-12
Subject: Digital Communications [EC31 002]
Date: 23.04.2012(AIN), Time: 03 Hrs; No. of Students: 111; Full Marks: 50

Instructions: Answer ANY FIVE questions. Answer of a question should be at one place. Make
and state suitable assumptions wherever necessary. Use the following approximation if
necessary: erfc(u) = [1/(u. -..Jn)J.exp(-u2)

1. (a) Let Z =X+ O.S.Y where X andY are independent Gaussian random variables with zero
mean and unity variance. Determine variance of Z and sketch its pdf. 3
1. (b) Draw the block diagram of a correlation receiver structure for 16-QAM and explain its
operation. Derive an expression for the likelihood function of the outputs of the correlator
bank in the 16-QAM demodulator in presence of AWGN. 7

2. (a) Consider a discrete source of 8 symbols where each symbol is a 3-bit PCM coded
representation of a discrete voltage between ±1.0 volt. If the probability of occurrence of a
symbol is inversely related to the magnitude of the corresponding signal voltage, determine
the entropy of the discrete ensemble. Now, design a binary Huffman code for representing the
8 discrete voltage levels and determine the average codeword length per symbol. 4
2. (b) Draw a typical block diagram of a narrowband digital communication transceiver. Mention
important functions of the blocks with reference to the nature and type of input and output
signals of the block. 4
2. (c) Mathematically justify that equivalent baseband description and analysis of narrow
bandpass signals are sufficient for a linear time invariant channel. 2

3. (a) Let the input to an A WGN channel be a discrete random variable X which can take 08
different values (±1 volt, ±2 volts, ±3 volts and ±4 volts) with equal probability. The output
of the channel, Z is Z = X+ Y, where Y is the noise component. Assuming that X and Y are
independent and that Y is Gaussian with a mean of zero and variance of 1.0 Volt 2, determine
the mean and variance of Z and also plot the pdf of Z when X assumes ± 1 volt. 4
3. (b) Consider digitization and transmission of a good quality signal (Bandwidth: from 150 Hz
to 15 HKz). List the quant~zation and coding schemes that may be considered to ensure a
desired SQNR of 50 dB. If the signal is limited to± 2.5 Volts and the normalized ACF fort=
1 T5 is 0.87, determine the overall bit rates for the coding schemes. Draw a block diagram of
a DPCM coder-decoder and explain its operation. 4

1
3. (c) Write a note on A-law companding. 2

4. (a) State and justify the Gram Schmidt Orthogonalization procedure. 6


4. (b) Consider 04 energy signals s 1(t) = -2.0; 0::::; t::::; 2.0 sec, s2(t) = +2.0; 0::::; t::::; 1.0 sec, s3(t) =
+3.0; 0::::; t::::; 4.0 sec and s4(t) = -3.0; 0::::; t::::; 3.0 sec. Find the orthonomal basis functions to
represent these signals. Suggest whether the concept of Nyquist filtering should be applied to
transmit these signals through a narrowband channel. 4

5. (a) Establish that the concept of matched filtering is equivalent to correlation receiver in
terms of error performance in A WGN channel. 4
5. (b) Let c:p (t) = -1.0 for 0::::; t::::; T/2 and c:p (t) = + 1.0 for T/2 < t::::; T. Determine and plot the
impulse response of a filter matched to c:p (t). Sketch the output of the filter when c:p (t) is
given as input and identify the desired time instant for sampling its output. 4
5. (c) Suggest the basis functions and an information bit rate that can be supported in an AWGN
channel following the principle of coherent demodulation for quaternary FSK (QFSK) if a
transmission band from 400 MHz to 404 MHz is available. 2

6. (a) A QPSK signal is applied to a correlation receiver where the locally generated basis
function is offset in phase from the basis function of the transmitter by 8 radian. Determine an
expression for the average probability of error for the receiver in A WGN and sketch it vs. 8
for an EJ!No of 10 dB. 4
6. (b) Consider a BFSK system transmitting data@ 2.0 Mbps through an AWGN channel with
15
noise psd (No}·= 10" Watt!Hz. Determine the average BER if the peak amplitude of the
received sinusoid waveforms for '0' and '1' is 100 micro volt in absence of noise. 3
6. (c) Write an expression for complex baseband G(t) for QPSK signal and write a small C I
MA TLAB program with sufficient comments to generate a QPSK modulated signal. 3

7. (a) Let the received signal in presence of A WGN for 16-PSK be r(t) = s(t) + n(t) = [s1(t)'+
nc(t)].cosroct - [sQ(t) + ns(t)].sinroct. If nc(t) and ns(t) are i.i.d. zero-mean Gaussian processes
with variance ri, write an expression for the envelope of r(t) and describe its statistical
features. 4
7. (b) Write short notes on (any THREE): (i) Huffman coding, (ii) Various 'channels' in the
context of digital wireless communications, (iii) Nonlinearity in transmit power amplifier and
(iv) Inter-symbol interference and its removal. 2 x 3 =6

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