Outline

• M2M
• Differences and similarities between M2M and IOT
• SDN and NFV for IOT

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 Machine-to-Machine (M2M)

• Machine-to-Machine (M2M) refers to networking of machines (or

devices) for the purpose of remote monitoring and control and data
exchange.

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Book website: http://www.internet-of-things-book.com Bahga & Madisetti, © 2015
 Machine-to-Machine (M2M)

• An M2M area network comprises machines (or M2M nodes) which have
embedded hardware modules for sensing, actuation and communication.
• Various communication protocols can be used for M2M local area
networks, such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, ModBus, M-Bus, Wireless M-Bus,
Power Line Communication (PLC), 6LoWPAN, IEEE 802.15.4, etc.
• The communication network provides connectivity to remote M2M area
networks.
• The communication network can use either wired or wireless networks (IP-
based).
• While the M2M area networks use either proprietary or non-IP based
communication protocols, the communication network uses IP-based
networks.
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 M2M Gateway

• Since non–IP-based protocols are used within M2M area networks, the
M2M nodes within one network cannot communicate with nodes in an
external network.
• To enable communication between remote M2M area networks, M2M
gateways are used.

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Book website: http://www.internet-of-things-book.com Bahga & Madisetti, © 2015
 Difference between IoT and M2M

• Communication Protocols
• M2M and IOT can differ in how the communication between the machines or
devices happens.
• M2M uses either proprietary or non–IP-based communication protocols for
communication within the M2M area networks.
• Machines in M2M VS Things in IOT
• The "Things" in IOT refers to physical objects that have unique identifiers and
can sense and communicate with their external environment (and user
applications) or their internal physical states.
• M2M systems, in contrast to IOT, typically have homogeneous machine types
within an M2M area network.

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Book website: http://www.internet-of-things-book.com Bahga & Madisetti, © 2015
 Difference between IoT and M2M

• Hardware vs Software Emphasis

• While the emphasis of M2M is more on hardware with embedded modules, the
emphasis of IoT is more on software.
• Data Collection & Analysis
• M2M data is collected in point solutions and often in on-premises storage
infrastructure.
• In contrast to M2M, the data in IoT is collected in the cloud (can be public, private or
hybrid cloud).
• Applications
• M2M data is collected in point solutions and can be accessed by on-premises
applications such as diagnosis applications, service management applications and on-
premises enterprise applications.
• IoT data is collected in the cloud and can be accessed by cloud applications such as
analytics applications, enterprise applications, remote diagnosis and management
applications, etc.
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 Communication in IoT vs M2M

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Book website: http://www.internet-of-things-book.com Bahga & Madisetti, © 2015
 SDN

• Software-Defined Networking
(SDN) is a networking
architecture that separates the
control plane from the data
plane and centralizes the
network controller.
• Software-based SDN controllers
maintain a unified view of the
network and make
configuration, management and
provisioning simpler.
• The underlying infrastructure in
SDN uses simple packet
forwarding hardware as
opposed to specialized
hardware in conventional
networks.
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Book website: http://www.internet-of-things-book.com Bahga & Madisetti, © 2015
 Key Elements of SDN

• Centralized Network Controller

• With decoupled control and data planes and a centralized network
controller, the network administrators can rapidly configure the network.
• Programmable Open APIs
• SDN architecture supports programmable open APIs for interface between
the SDN application and control layers (Northbound interface).
• Standard Communication Interface (OpenFlow)
• SDN architecture uses a standard communication interface between the
control and infrastructure layers (Southbound interface).
• OpenFlow, which is defined by the Open Networking Foundation (ONF), is
the broadly accepted SDN protocol for the Southbound interface.

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Book website: http://www.internet-of-things-book.com Bahga & Madisetti, © 2015
 NFV

• Network Function
Virtualization (NFV) is a
technology that leverages
virtualization to
consolidate the
heterogeneous network
devices onto industry-
standard high-volume
servers, switches and
storage.
• NFV is complementary to
SDN as NFV can provide
the infrastructure on which
SDN can run.

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Book website: http://www.internet-of-things-book.com Bahga & Madisetti, © 2015
 Key Elements of NFV

• Virtualized Network Function (VNF)

• VNF is a software implementation of a network function which is capable of
running over the NFV Infrastructure (NFVI).
• NFV Infrastructure (NFVI)
• NFVI includes computer, network and storage resources that are virtualized.
• NFV Management and Orchestration
• NFV Management and Orchestration focuses on all virtualization-specific
management tasks and covers the orchestration and life-cycle management
of physical and/or software resources that support infrastructure
virtualization and the life-cycle management of VNFs.

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Book website: http://www.internet-of-things-book.com Bahga & Madisetti, © 2015
 NFV – Use Case

• NFV can be used to virtualize the Home Gateway. The NFV Infrastructure in the cloud hosts a
virtualized Home Gateway. The virtualized gateway provides private IP addresses to the
devices in the home. The virtualized gateway also connects to network services such as VoIP
and IPTV.

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Book website: http://www.internet-of-things-book.com Bahga & Madisetti, © 2015