MOCK PRACTICE PAPER 2025 - MARKING SCHEME

+ –
1 (a) J / NH4 (aq) + OH (aq) → H2O(l) + NH3(g) [1]

2+ 2–
(b) B / Ba (aq) + SO4 (aq) → BaSO4(s) [1]

2+ –
(c) E / Cu (aq) + 2e → Cu(s) [1]

+ –
(d) H / H (aq) + OH (aq) → H2O(l) [1]

– –
(e) K / 4OH (aq) → O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e [1]

2 (a) (i) C / carbon / Si / silicon (1) [1]

(ii) N / nitrogen (1) [1]

(iii) K / potassium (1) [1]

(iv) N / nitrogen (1) [1]

(v) C / carbon (1) [1]

(vi) Zn / zinc (1) [1]

(b) 4K + O2 → 2K2O (1) [1]

(c) aluminium forms an oxide layer (1)

layer is unreactive / layer cannot be easily removed from the surface / layer

adheres to (metal) surface / layer is impermeable to water (1) [2]

[Total: 9]

PAGE 1
3 (a) chromatography paper dipping into labelled solvent in a beaker (1)

solvent level below the spots at start of experiment / below base line drawn /

below marked spot (1) [2]

(b) (i) B and E (1) [1]

(ii) 0.68 to 0.72 (1) [1]

(c) (i) to make the spots visible / because the spots may not be coloured (1) [1]

(ii) (light) blue precipitate (1)

(dark) blue solution in excess (1) [2]

2+ –
(iii) Cu (aq) + 2OH (aq) → Cu(OH)2(s)

correct formulae (1)

correct state symbols (dependent on correct formulae) (1) [2]

[Total: 9]

PAGE 2
 + –
4 (a) H + OH → H2O (1) [1]

3 3
(b) (i) 20 (cm ) / 0.02 dm (1) [1]

45 -3
(ii) mol KOH = 0.15 × OR 6.75 × 10 / 0.00675 (1)
1000

mol H2SO4 = 0.003375 / 0.0034 (1)

1000
concentration = 0.003375 × = 0.17 / 0.169 (1) [3]
20

(c) (i) ethanoic acid has 1 mol of ionisable H per mol of acid / H2SO4 has 2 per mol

of acid / ethanoic acid is monobasic / H2SO4 is dibasic / ethanoic acid has one
+
acidic hydrogen (ion) / sulfuric acid has 2 acidic H ions / ethanoic acid has

half as much ionisable hydrogen (1) [1]

(ii) any value between 3 and 6.9 inclusive (1) [1]

(d) (i) ANY TWO FROM

• sulfur dioxide / SO2 (1)

• (sulfur dioxide) oxidised further / (sulfur dioxide) reacts further to form

sulfur trioxide (1)

• oxidation product reacts with water to form sulfuric acid / SO3 reacts with

water to form sulfuric acid (1) [2]

(ii) irritates skin / irritates eyes / irritates nose / irritates mouth (1) [1]

[Total: 10]

PAGE 3
5 (a) alkenes (1) [1]

(b) melting points increase (1)

increase in melting point from even number to odd number of carbon atoms is

less than from odd to even number / the increase is less for some atoms than

others / any reference to the regular zigzag nature of the increase (1) [2]

(c) C9H20 (1) [1]

(d) (i) C11H24 → C2H4 + C3H6 + C6H14 (1) [1]

(ii) ANY TWO FROM

• (hydrocarbons with) longer chains not in high demand / more longer

chains produced than used / shorter chains in more demand / fewer short

chains produced than used (1)

• so (more) petrol / gasoline is made (1)

• to produce alkenes / to make ethane (1) [2]

(e) (i) 16 g methane → 27 g HCN (1)

27 65
500 g methane → 500 × × = 548 g (1)
16 100

OR

500
= 31.25 mol methane (1)
16

65
31.25 × 27 × = 548 g (1) [2]
100

(ii) Ca(OH)2 + 2HCN → Ca(CN)2 + 2H2O (1) [1]

[Total: 10]

PAGE 4
6 (a) decreases with increase in temperature (1)

reaction is exothermic / increasing temperature favours reaction which absorbs

heat (1) [2]

(b) increases with increasing pressure (1)

increasing pressure causes reaction to go in direction of decreasing number of

moles / smaller volume (1) [2]

(c) ANY ONE FROM

• low(er) temperature makes reaction rate too slow (1)

• high(er) temperature decreases percentage yield (1)

• low(er) temperature increases percentage yield (1)

• this temperature (i.e. 350–450) gives a (relatively) high rate and low yield (1)

ANY ONE FROM

• low(er) pressure gives poor yield (1)

• high(er) pressure increases yield (1)

• high(er) pressure expends too much energy (1)

• high a pressure too expensive (1)

• high(er) pressure gives a higher rate (1)

• high pressure a safety risk (1)

• this pressure (i.e. 200–300) gives a high yield and high rate (1) [2]

(d) speeds up the reaction / lowers the activation energy (1)

lowers energy costs / less energy used (1) [2]

(e) molar mass of (NH4)3PO4 = 149 (1)

42
× 100 = 28.19% / 28.2% (1) [2]
149

[Total: 10]

PAGE 5
7 (a) methane [1]

(b) methane / propane [1]

(c) ammonia [1]

(d) oxygen [1]

(e) chlorine [1]

(f) ethene [1]

8 (a) (i) magnesium / Mg [1]

allow: methane / CH4

(ii) hydrogen / H2 [1]

(iii) carbon monoxide / CO [1]

(iv) copper / Cu [1]

(v) calcium oxide / CaO;

allow: carbon dioxide / CO2 [1]

(b) 1 mark for each correct word:

seven;

trend;

density / colour;

sodium. [4]

[Total: 9]

9 (a) 1
st
, 3
rd th
and 4 boxes down ticked (aqueous sodium chloride, copper and graphite) [3]

(b) insulator [1]

(c) (i) anode [1]

(ii) negative electrode: zinc [1]

positive electrode: chlorine [1]

(iii) graphite [1]

allow: carbon

PAGE 6
10 (a) A: thermometer; [1]

B: beaker; [1]

(b) (i) idea that heat is evenly distributed e.g.

to make sure that temperature (of water) is the same throughout / the heat gets to the

(stearic) acid at steady rate / the heart gets to test tube at a constant rate / to make sure

the water is at an even temperature (throughout) / so not just hot at the bottom / so that

hot parts of the water mix with cold; [1]

(ii) anhydrous / white copper sulfate; [1]

turns blue; [1]

or

anhydrous / blue cobalt chloride;

turns pink / turns red;

allow: second mark if copper sulfate or cobalt chloride given without reference to colour

or anhydrous

(c) (i) 48(°C); [1]

(ii) 72(°C); [1]

(d) arrangement: close together / touching / irregular / random; [1]

motion: sliding over each other / moving slowly; [1]

allow: irregular / random

allow: move faster than solid but slower than gas

(e) (i) the melting point is different / 3rd box down ticked; [1]

(ii) any suitable: e.g.

food / medicines / drugs / named food / medicine / cosmetics / drinking water / water for

cooking / water for washing; [1]

allow: relevant places or processes where purity of substances is important e.g.

drinking / eating / cooking / surgeries / hospitals / kitchen

[Total: 11]

PAGE 7
11 (a) pH 3; [1]

(b) dip (litmus) paper in the solution / acid or add litmus solution to the acid / add acid to litmus

paper; [1]

note: if another substance added e.g. add a metal or a further process e.g. boil the solution,

the first mark is lost but the next two marks can still be obtained.

blue litmus; [1]

turns red / pink; [1]

reject: litmus bleaches

note: if the indicator is incorrect, the second two marks cannot be obtained.

(c) (i) calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water [3]

note: –1 per error

(ii) extraction of iron / making cement / making lime / neutralising acidic lakes /

(flue gas) desulfurisation / making glass / neutralising acidic waste / any other suitable

use; [1]

(iii) calcium oxide; [1]

allow: calcium hydroxide / lime / milk of lime / other carbonates

allow: correct formulae

(d) H2 (on right); [1]

correct balance (i.e. 2 on left); [1]

(e) (i) molecular formula of ethanoic acid is C2H4O2; [1]

full structural formula of ethanol is: [1]

H H

│ │

H ― C — C — O — H

│ │

H H

allow: OH in place of O- H

(ii) C2H4 + H2O; [1]

[Total: 14]

PAGE 8
12 (a) lower the test tube (into the HCl) / mix the reactants / mix the zinc and hydrochloric acid; [1]

(b) (i) all points plotted correctly including the 0-0 point; [2]

note: –1 per error

curve of best fit drawn; [1]

(ii) because the reaction has finished / reaction has stopped / reaction is complete; [1]

the hydrochloric acid has been used up / hydrochloric acid is limiting / the limiting

reagent has been used up; [1]

reject: the zinc has been used up / the zinc and hydrochloric acid have been used up

(c) concentration; increases; decreases; speed; (1 mark each) [4]

(d) filter (off excess zinc) / decant (off solution); [1]

note: if no filtration or decantation no further marks can be scored

heat filtrate to crystallisation point / evaporate some of the water / heat for a little while / leave

filtrate in a warm place / leave on the windowsill; [1]

dry crystals with filter paper; [1]

allow: dry in oven below 100°C

[Total: 13]

13 (a) X drawn in bottom compartment or in tube leading from arrow showing petroleum in; [1]

(b) naphtha [1]

(c) kerosene: jet fuel / fuel for heating / cooking fuel / kerosene lamps; [1]

diesel: fuel for lorries / cars / tractors; [1]

(d) mixture; heated; lower; condenses; boiling; [5]

(e) (i) B and D; [1]

(ii) B and D [2]

[Total: 12]

PAGE 9
QUESTION 14

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) 2 (on left); NOTE: marks are independent

H2O on right; 2

th
3(a)(ii) 4 box down ticked (thermal decomposition); 1

3(b) pH 8 circled; 1

3(c)(i) salt; NOTE: either order in the spaces

water / H2O; 2

3(c)(ii) idea of carbon dioxide trapped / idea of gas trapped in bread / idea that gas

cannot escape / idea that carbon dioxide cannot escape ORA; 1

3(c)(iii) so it doesn’t harm you (effect on person); 1 A so it doesn’t poison you

I to make sure there are no contaminants

st nd
3(d) liquid; NOTE: if solid for 1 marking point, can get the 2

particles close together; marking point

st rd
particles randomly arranged / no fixed arrangement / irregular arrangement; 3 NOTE: if gas for 1 marking point, can get the 3

marking point

PAGE 10
QUESTION 15

Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(a) (left box) flask / Erlenmeyer; I type of flask

(right box) (gas) syringe; 2

4(b)(i) increases;

then levels off / rate of increase less / stops / slows down / stays constant; 2

4(b)(ii) values between 4.6 and 4.9 (min); 1

3
4(b)(iii) 35 (cm ); 1 A values between 34.5 and 35

4(b)(iv) initial gradient steeper;

levelling off to same final volume; 2 R lines stopping at final volume which clearly would be

still increasing in volume

4(c) (rate) decreases / slower / less / takes more time; 1

4(d)(i) (anode) chlorine; A Cl2 / Cl

(cathode) zinc; 2 A Zn

4(d)(ii) inert / unreactive; 1 I cheaper

QUESTION 16

Question Answer Marks

5(a) COOH group ringed; 1

5(b)(i) contains (carbon-carbon) double bonds; 1 R contains C=O bond

5(b)(ii) add bromine water / aqueous bromine / bromine;

decolourises / goes colourless 2 I goes clear / discolourises

(second mark dependant on getting bromine)

5(c) sodium carbonate; A layout as water + sodium

water; 2 carbonate

PAGE 11
 Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(d) idea of monomer as small molecule / monomers join (to make polymer) / NOTE: ethene monomers add together to form polymer

monomers (ethene) polymerises; = 3 marks

ethene is the monomer;

addition polymerisation / idea of addition reaction / monomers (or ethene) add

together to form polymer; 3

5(e)(i) grind flowers / grind them / crush / blend / use a mortar and pestle; NOTE: grind with solvent = 2 marks

extract with solvent / add solvent / add water;

filter (the solution through glass wool); 3 A filter / filter through filter paper

5(e)(ii) A and C (both needed for the mark); 1 APPLY: listing

QUESTION 17

Question Answer Marks

6(a) copper and iron / Cu and Fe;

(very) high density / (very) high melting point; 2 A very strong

6(b)(i) aluminium is a very good conductor / aluminium is a better conductor /

aluminium has a low density;

aluminium (on its own) is not strong enough / aluminium is (only) fairly strong /

iron is very strong / iron gives the cable extra strength / iron is stronger than

aluminium; 2

6(b)(ii) low melting point / weak / not strong; 1 I statements about reactivity

6(c) cobalt chloride is coloured / calcium chloride is not coloured; 1

6(d) silver, aluminium, magnesium lithium; 1

6(e)(i) reversible (reaction) / equilibrium (reaction); 1

6(e)(ii) lighted splint / flame; second mark dependant on getting lighted splint

COND pops / explodes; 2 NOTE: glowing splint = 0

PAGE 12
 Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(f) Any 4 of:

• mixture of metals / mixture of metal with non-metal / mixture of metal with

another element;

• example of alloy e.g. Fe + Cr / Fe + Ti / Fe + C / mild steel / stainless steel

etc.;

• alloy is more resistant to corrosion / less likely to rust / does not rust / less

reactive;
I melting points / boiling points
• alloy is harder / stronger ;

• example of use of an alloy of IRON e.g. car bodies / chemical plant /

4
utensils / buildings / kitchen equipment;

QUESTION 18

Question Answer Marks

7(a) Any 3 of:

• diffusion;

• (bulk) movement of particles from high to low concentration;

• particles are in constant motion; A particles move (from place to place)

• (movement of particles is) random;

• bromine particles spread (throughout the solvent particles) / bromine A particles collide with each other / particles hit into

particles mix up (with solvent); 3 each other

7(b)(i) liquid; 1

7(b)(ii) increases / higher / goes up; 1

7(b)(iii) values between 1.6 – 4.9 (Actual = 3.12); 1 NOTE: if range given both figures must be within this

range

7(b)(iv) 2; 1

7(c)(i) I2; 1

7(c)(ii) chlorine is more reactive than bromine / bromine is less reactive than chlorine; 1 I reference to bromide / chloride / relative positions of

bromine or chlorine in the Group

PAGE 13
Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(d) 137; 2 NOTE: if answer is incorrect allow 1 mark for both

correct atomic masses (Br = 80 and F = 19)

A ecf from ONE incorrect atomic mass for 1 mark

PAGE 14
QUESTION 19

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a)(i) D / graphite / carbon; 1

1(a)(ii) C / ethane; 1

1(a)(iii) B / CaCO3 / calcium carbonate; 1 A D / carbon

1(a)(iv) D / graphite / carbon; 1

1(a)(v) A / CO2 / carbon dioxide; 1

2+
1(a)(vi) B / calcium / calcium carbonate / Ca ; 1

1(b) calcium carbonate; I CaCO3

carbon dioxide; 2 I CO2

1(c) limewater / calcium hydroxide / Ca(OH)2;

COND turns milky / turns cloudy / gives a white precipitate; 2

QUESTION 20

Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(a) temperature rises; 1 A gives off heat

I bubbles given off

2(b) structure of ethanol completed correctly; 1 A OH in place of O–H

2(c)(i) ethene + water → ethanol; 1 A ethene + steam → ethanol

A correct symbol equation

I steam over the arrow

nd th
2(c)(ii) 2 and 4 boxes ticked (one mark each); 2

2(c)(iii) (aqueous bromine) decolourised / goes colourless; 1 I aqueous bromine goes clear / discoloured

I incorrect colour of bromine

A colourless solution

PAGE 15
Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(d) filter (off the solids);

distillation; A boil and condense

I heat / boil unqualified

one of:

• (distil) filtrate;

• fractional (distillation) / fractionating (column); 3

PAGE 16
QUESTION 21

Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(a) (gas) syringe or measuring cylinder correctly labelled; A burette / graduated test-tube drawn and labelled test-

tube

(gas) tube leading from closed apparatus to flask or from inverted measuring R if tube goes to surface of water or under water in

cylinder with mouth underwater to flask; reaction flask

COND workable apparatus and apparatus airtight / no gaps in apparatus; 3

4(b)(i) 44–48 (seconds); 1

3
4(b)(ii) 41 (cm ); 1

4(b)(iii) initial gradient less than the original line AND starting at 0–0; A straight line instead of curved line

ends up at same final volume; 2 A line not reached final volume but still going up and

likely to reach final volume

A final horizontal line two small squares below the 25 ºC

line

R if a single straight line is drawn from 0–0 to point

49–140

4(b)(iv) increased (rate) / faster (rate) / quicker; 1 I reference to time unless it contradicts increased rate

4(c)(i) pair of electrons between two (hydrogen) atoms; 1 hydrogen atoms do not have to be labelled H

4(c)(ii) covalent; 1 I single bond

4(d) sulfuric acid; A correct formulae

magnesium oxide / magnesium hydroxide / magnesium carbonate; 2 R magnesium

PAGE 17
QUESTION 22

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a) COOH group circled; 1

5(b)(i) 30; 1

5(b)(ii) speeds up reaction / increases rate (of reaction); 1 A lowers the activation energy / allows the reaction to

occur by more favourable mechanism

5(b)(iii) poisonous / toxic / death; 1 A harmful / makes breathing difficult / respiratory

problems

A combines with haemoglobin / reduces the amount of

oxygen in the blood / stops you breathing / asphyxiation /

suffocates you

I lung cancer / lung damage

5(c)(i) gain of electrons / loss of oxygen / decrease in oxidation number; 1 A gain of hydrogen

5(c)(ii) carbon; 1 A C

5(d) grind grape skins / blend skins / crush skins; A crush grapes

I grapes squeezed

(grape skins) in water / in solvent / in named solvent; NOTE: mark for the idea that the grape skins are in

solvent but NOT solvent in context of chromatography.

I grapes in acids / alkalis

filter (off the solid / grape skins); 3

5(e) ethene; 1 A alkene

o
5(f)(i) high temperature; A heat / stated temperatures between 200–1000 C
nd
catalyst / aluminium oxide / zeolites; 2 A absence of oxygen (for 2 mark)

I high pressure / enzymes (unqualified) / oxygen

5(f)(ii) 4 (C2H4); 1

PAGE 18
QUESTION 23
7(a) • liquids / water have particles close together / touching; A no spaces between particles

• gases / helium have particles far apart / room between gas particles / more

space between gas particles;

• volume of liquid does not decrease / liquid not compressed / liquid not A syringe is not reduced

squeezed / plunger does not move;

4 A syringe is reduced
• volume of gas decreases / gas compressed / plunger moves;
I there is room / not room (reference to space between

particles)

7(b)(i) increases / gets larger; 1 A becomes heavier

7(b)(ii) 2,8; 1 A 2 in the first shell and 8 in the second

7(b)(iii) liquid; 1

7(b)(iv) krypton; 1

7(c) He: number of neutrons = 1;

Ar: number of electrons = 18;

symbol for neon is

21
Ne ; 3
10

PAGE 19
QUESTION 24

Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) A; 1

1(a)(ii) B; 1

1(a)(iii) D; 1

1(a)(iv) C; 1

1(a)(v) C; 1

1(b)(i) (hot) air; 1

1(b)(ii) (molten) iron; 1

1(b)(iii) any 2 from: 2

carbon dioxide;

carbon monoxide;

nitrogen;

1(c)(i) as the percentage of carbon increases, so the malleability decreases; 1

1(c)(ii) 2

M1 oxygen (gas) blown in; 1

M2 carbon dioxide formed / C + O2 → CO2; 1

PAGE 20
QUESTION 25

Question Answer Marks

5(a) carbon dioxide / a gas is made; 1

5(b)(i) red; 1

5(b)(ii) 0.001; 1

5(b)(iii) 0.0005; 1

5(b)(iv) 0.031 (2 marks) 2

M1 (iii) / 0.0162;

3
5(c) 0.48 (dm ) 3

M1 moles carbon dioxide = 0.02; 1

M2 volume carbon dioxide = 0.02 × 24; 1

3
M3 = 0.48 (dm ); 1

PAGE 21
QUESTION 26

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl ; 1

6(a)(ii) diffusion; 1

6(a)(iii) 3

solid forms at: A; 1

explanation: ammonia molecules / particles have a smaller mass; (and so) move / diffuse faster; 2

6(a)(iv) 3

M1 solid forms in less time / faster / quicker; 1

M2 particles / molecules have more energy; 1

M3 (and so) move faster / diffuse faster; 1

6(b)(i) 3

test: add sodium hydroxide (solution and warm); 1

result: test gas / ammonia with (red) litmus / Universal Indicator / pH paper; indicator turns blue / ammonia produced; 2

6(b)(ii) 3

test: add silver nitrate (solution); 1

result: add (dilute) nitric acid; white precipitate; 2

PAGE 22
Question Answer Marks

6(c)(i) covalent; 1

6(c)(ii) 3

M1 one shared pair of electrons between each N and H; 1

M2 one shared pair of electrons between the N atoms; 1

M3 one lone pair on each N and no additional electrons anywhere; 1

6(d)(i) amide; 1

6(d)(ii) proteins are made from more than two monomers; 1

OR

nylon is made from 1 or 2 monomers (only);

6(d)(iii) amino acids; 1

6(e) 1

PAGE 23
QUESTION 27

Question Answer Marks

5(a)(i) more than enough to react (with all the hydrocarbon); 1

OR

(some) oxygen remaining;

3
5(a)(ii) 75 cm ; 1

5(a)(iii) 2 : 15 : 10; 1

5(a)(iv) 2

2 : 15 : 10 : 10; 1

C5H10; 1

5(b)(i) C7H16; 1

5(b)(ii) contains a double bond / triple bond / multiple bond; 1

OR

not all bonds are single bonds;

5(b)(iii) 2

test: aqueous bromine / bromine (water) / Br2; 1

result: (orange / yellow / brown) to colourless / decolourised / colour disappears; 1

5(c)(i) addition; 1

5(c)(ii) 1 (kg); 1

5(c)(iii) 2

propene: CH2; 1

polypropene: CH2; 1

PAGE 24
QUESTION 28

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) roast / heat and in air / oxygen; 1

6(a)(ii) 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2; 2

SO2 on right of equation; all formulae and balancing correct;

6(b)(i) 3

M1 1

heat produced by carbon / coke (burning in) oxygen / air;

OR

C + O2 → CO2 produces heat / exothermic;

OR

2C + O2 → 2CO produces heat / exothermic (scores M1 and M2);

M2 1

C + CO2 → 2CO;

OR

2C + O2 → 2CO;

M3 1

ZnO + CO → Zn + CO2;

OR

ZnO + C → Zn + CO;

OR

2ZnO + C → 2Zn + CO2;

6(b)(ii) temperature (inside the furnace) is above 907 °C / temperature (inside the furnace) is above the boiling point (of 1

zinc) / 1000 °C is above the boiling point (of zinc);

6(b)(iii) condensation / condensing / condense; 1

6(c) 4

M1 zinc is more reactive than iron / zinc is higher in the reactivity series than iron ora; 1

M2 zinc loses electrons; 1

M3 iron / steel / oxygen / air / water gains electrons OR electrons move to iron / steel / oxygen / air / water; 1

M4 (therefore) iron does not lose electrons / get oxidised / form iron(II) / form iron(III); 1

PAGE 25
Question Answer Marks

6(d)(i) 2

green precipitate; 1

red-brown / brown / orange precipitate; 1

6(d)(ii) oxidising agent / oxidant; 1

6(d)(iii) reducing agent / reductant; 1

3+
6(d)(iv) iron(III) / Fe ; 1

2+
6(d)(v) iron(II) / Fe ; 1

PAGE 26
QUESTION 29

Question Answer Marks

3(a) 1 Na2S2O3 2 H2O 3 HCl OR 1

1 HCl 2 H2O 3 Na2S2O3 OR

1 H2O 2 Na2S2O3 3 HCl OR

1 H2O 2 HCl 3 Na2S2O3 ;

3(b)(i) 2

M1 volumes 40 : 10 : 10; 1

M2 time = 14; 1

3(b)(ii) 2

M1 more particles per unit volume / particles are closer together; 1

M2 increases the rate of collisions / there are more collisions per unit time; 1

3(c) 3

M1 particles gain more energy and move faster; 1

M2 increasing rate of collisions / more collisions per unit time; 1

M3 higher proportion of particles have sufficient energy to react / collisions have sufficient energy to react / are 1

above the activation energy;

PAGE 27
QUESTION 30

Question Answer Marks

2+
4(a)(i) reduction and (the Cu ion / copper ions) is gaining electrons / is decreasing in oxidation number; 1

4(a)(ii) 2
2+
formation of Cu / copper ions at the anode happens at the same rate as; 1
2+
removal of Cu / copper ions at the cathode ora; 1

4(b) 2

replace (anode of) copper with nickel; 1

replace electrolyte with nickel(II) sulfate / NiSO4; 1

4(c) 3

(good) catalysts; 1

variable oxidation numbers; 1

form coloured compounds / coloured ions; 1

PAGE 28
QUESTION 31

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) compound containing carbon and hydrogen only; 1

7(a)(ii) CnH2n+2; 2

CnH2n;

7(b)(i) mol C = 54.54 / 12 or 4.5(45) and mol H = 9.09 / 1 or 9.09 and mol O = 36.37 / 16 or 2.27; 2

C2H4O;

7(b)(ii) Mr of C2H4O = 44; 2

88 / 44 = 2 therefore C4H8O2;

7(c) 4
methyl ethanoate; ethyl methanoate;

CH3COOCH3; HCOOC2H5;

7(d) methyl propanoate; 1

7(e)(i) condensation; 1

7(e)(ii) water / H2O; 1

7(e)(iii) dicarboxylic acid or diacyl chloride; 2

diol;

PAGE 29