CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem.

/PHSACOR08T/2022

WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Honours 4th Semester Examination, 2022

PHSACOR08T-PHYSICS (CC8)
Time Allotted: 2 Hours Full Marks: 40

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates should answer in their own words and adhere to the word limit as practicable.
All symbols are of usual significance.

Question No. 1 is compulsory and answer any two from the rest

1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 2×10 = 20

™ ™ ™ ™ ⎛™ ™ ⎞
(a) Prove the equivalence of the operators,  and i⎜  ⎟,
™x ™z ™z ™y ⎝ ™z ™z ⎠
where z x  iy and z x  iy .
(b) If u ( x, y ) 2 x (1  y ) , find a function v ( x, y ) such that f ( z ) u  iv is
analytic.
ez
(c) Evaluate ∫ ( z  4) 4
dz where C is the circle | z | 3 using Cauchy integral
C
formula.
z ei z
(d) Determine the nature of the singularities of f ( z ) and evaluate the
z2 1
residues.
1i
(e) Compute the integration ∫ (z  z ) dz along the line y
2
x.
0

(f) Show that if f ( x ) is an odd function then its Fourier transform is always an
imaginary function.

(g) Find Fourier transform of f (t ) df ~ ~

in terms of f (Z ) , where f (Z ) is the
dt
Fourier transform of f (t ) .
(h) Find the Fourier transform of the function f ( x ) G ( x  a)  G ( x  a ) where
G ( x ) is the Dirac-delta function.
(i) Find the form of Laplace’s equation in cylindrical co-ordinate starting from
™ 2V ™ 2V ™ 2V
  0
™x 2 ™y 2 ™z 2

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CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR08T/2022

(j) For A, a n — n diagonal matrix show that det (e A ) e TrA .

(k) If two matrices A and B are such that AB BA , show that AB 1 B 1 A .

(l) If A is an antisymmetric matrix and A 2  I 0 , then show that A is orthogonal.
(m) Show that Hermitian matrix remains Hermitian under similarity transformation.
(n) Show that all the eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix are real.

dz ⎧ 0 , for R ! 1
2. (a) Show that ∫ z ( z  1)
⎨
⎩2S i , for R  1
in which the contour C is the circle 3
C
defined by | z | R.
~
(b) Show that the Fourier transform f (k ) of the function f ( x ) given by 3
⎧0 , ˆ  x   a
⎪
f ( x) ⎨ 1 , a  x  a
⎪ 0 , axˆ
⎩

~ 2 sin ka
is f (k ) .
S k
⎛ 10 3i ⎞
(c) Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Hermitian matrix H ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ . 2+2
⎝  3i 2 ⎠
Construct a unitary matrix U such that U † HU D , where D is a real diagonal
matrix.

™u ( x, t ) ™ 2u ( x, t )
3. (a) Solve the one-dimensional heat equation subject to 3
™t ™t 2
boundary conditions u (0, t ) u (1, t ) 0 and initial condition
u ( x, 0) sin(S x)  sin( 2S x) for t ! 0 .

(b) If inner product between two matrices is defined by ( A, B ) Tr ( A† B) then 2

⎛ 2 4⎞ ⎛ 3 1⎞
show that the matrices A ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ and B ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ are orthogonal.
⎝ 1 3⎠ ⎝ 4 2⎠
(c) Show that eigenvalues of an anti-Hermitian matrix is either zero or purely 2
imaginary.
ˆ
e x
(d) Show that ∫ x dx S. 3
0

4. (a) Consider a hollow sphere of internal and external radius r1 and r2 maintained at 4+2
temperatures T1 and T2 respectively. Find the temperature distribution inside the
sphere. At what distance from the center the temperature will be the arithmetic
mean of surface temperatures.
(b) If A and B are two matrices and both commute with their commutator, then show 4
that exp( A) exp( B ) exp( A  B  1 [ A, B ]) .
2

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CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR08T/2022

5. (a) The displacement of a damped harmonic oscillator as a function of time is given 2+2
by
⎧ 0 , for t  0
f (t ) ⎨et s sin(Z t )
⎩ 0 , for t – 0

Find the Fourier transform of this function and so give a physical interpretation
of Parseval’s theorem.
(b) Using Fourier transformation solve the following one dimensional wave 4
equation
™ 2u 1 ™ 2u ™u ( x, 0)
, u ( x, 0) f ( x) and 0
™x 2 v 2 ™t 2 ™t
(c) If g (k ) is the Fourier transform of f ( x ) , then show that g ( k ) g (k ) is the 2
sufficient and necessary condition for f ( x ) to be real.

N.B. : Students have to complete submission of their Answer Scripts through E-mail / Whatsapp
to their own respective colleges on the same day / date of examination within 1 hour after
end of exam. University / College authorities will not be held responsible for wrong
submission (at in proper address). Students are strongly advised not to submit multiple
copies of the same answer script.

——×——

4027 3 Turn Over

CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR09T/2022

WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Honours 4th Semester Examination, 2022

PHSACOR09T-PHYSICS (CC9)
Time Allotted: 2 Hours Full Marks: 40
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates should answer in their own words and adhere to the word limit as practicable.
All symbols are of usual significance.

Question No. 1 is compulsory and answer any two from the rest

1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 2×10 = 20

(a) The half-life of a certain excited state is about 8 ns. If this is essentially the
uncertainty ' t for photon emission, calculate the uncertainty in frequency 'Q ,
assuming that 'E't ž h . Find 'Q Q if the photons have O 500 nm.
(b) Assuming spherical shape of atomic nucleus, show that density of nuclear matter
is constant.
(c) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for a helium atom in a furnace at 400 K for
which the kinetic energy is 3kT 2 .
Given MHe = 4.002602 u
1u = 931 MeV
(d) A muon is travelling through the laboratory at a speed of 3c 5 . How long does it
last?
(e) Write down the important characteristics of nuclear force.
(f) Why do not we observe a Compton effect with visible light?
(g) What is a metastable state? What role do such states play in the operation of a
laser?
(h) Find the total angular momentum and parity for the ground sate of 6C13 nucleus.
(i) A proton is accelerated in a synchrotron until its kinetic energy is just equal to its
rest mass (938 MeV). Find the ratio v c for this proton.
(j) Derive Rayleigh-Jeans formula from Wien’s formula in case of blackbody
radiation.
(k) Calculate the binding energy and packing fraction for helium. The atomic masses
of proton, neutron and helium are 1.00814 u , 1.00898 u and 4.00387 u
respectively. [1u = 931 MeV]
(l) Show that it is impossible for a photon to transfer all its energy to a free electron.
(m) Why is the existence of electron within a nucleus ruled out?
(n) What are the processes by which J -ray interacts with matter? Mention their Z-
dependence.

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CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR09T/2022

2. (a) Deduce Planck’s radiation law in the form 4+3

8S ch 1
uO º ch OkT
O5
e 1
and show that,
ˆ
8S 5k 4T 4
u ∫ uO d O
0
15c 3h3
u is energy density of a black body at temperature T K .
(b) When U235 captures a slow neutron, it fissions. If the fission products are Rb92 and 3
Cs140, how many neutrons are emitted? If the masses of U235, Cs140 and Rb92 are
234.043915 u , 139.917110 u and 91.919140 u respectively, find the energy
released in this particular fission.

3. (a) A 5.30 MeV D -particle happens, by chance, to be headed directly towards the 3
nucleus of an atom of gold (Z = 79). How close does it get before it comes
momentarily to rest and reverses its course? Neglect recoil of the gold nucleus.
(b) (i) Show that the electrostatic potential energy of a uniform sphere of charge Q 3+2+2
and radius R is given by U 3Q 2 20S H 0 R
239
(ii) Find the electrostatic potential energy for the nuclide Pu, assumed
spherical.
(iii) Compare its electrostatic potential energy per particle with its binding
energy per nucleon of 7.56 MeV.

4. (a) Mention the postulates of special theory of relativity given by Einstein. 2

(b) Deduce the Lorentz transformations using simple relation between space and time. 4
(c) Find the maximum kinetic energies of photo-electrons ejected from a potassium 2+2
surface, for which threshold energy is 2.1 eV, by photons of wavelengths 2000Å
and 3000Å. What is the threshold frequency J 0 and the corresponding
wavelength?

5. (a) A cosmic ray photon of energy hQ is scattered through 90º by an electron initially 2
at rest. The scattered photon has a wavelength twice that of the incident photon.
Find the frequency of the incident photon.
(b) Establish the relation between the angle of scattered photon and recoil angle of the 3+1
electron in Compton scattering. Hence find out the recoil angle of the electron in
problem 5(a).
(c) Mention the basic features of nuclear shell model and discuss the significance of 2+2
magic numbers with respect to stability of nuclei.

N.B. : Students have to complete submission of their Answer Scripts through E-mail / Whatsapp to
their own respective colleges on the same day / date of examination within 1 hour after end
of exam. University / College authorities will not be held responsible for wrong submission
(at in proper address). Students are strongly advised not to submit multiple copies of the
same answer script.

——×——

4077 2
CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR10T/2022

WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Honours 4th Semester Examination, 2022

PHSACOR10T-PHYSICS (CC10)
Time Allotted: 2 Hours Full Marks: 40
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates should answer in their own words and adhere to the word limit as practicable.
All symbols are of usual significance.

Question No. 1 is compulsory and answer any two from the rest
1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 2×10 = 20
(a) Both N-P-N and P-N-P transistors contain same type of material (either p-type or n-
type) at collector and emitter then why we require identifying collector and emitter?
(b) In the given circuit current through diode id define as
id vd2  vd when vd ! 0
0 when vd 0
here, vd is the voltage drop across the diode. Find the value of vd .
10Ω

6V id vd

(c) Why is h-parameter model circuit is not valid for high frequencies?
(d) Explain why FET is called a “field effect” transistor?
(e) A multistage amplifier employs five stages each of which has a power gain 30. What
is the overall gain of the amplifier in dB?
(f) What is load line? Explain its significance.
(g) Draw the ac equivalent circuit of an ideal OPAMP.
(h) An amplifier with open loop voltage gain Av 1000 ” 100 is available. It is
necessary to have an amplifier where voltage gain varies by not more than ” 1% .
Find the reverse transmission factor E of the feedback network to be used.
(i) What is Schmitt trigger? Name an application of it.
(j) State the Barkhausen criterion for sustaining oscillation in a feedback amplifier and
represent it graphically.
(k) Why must a solar cell be operated at the 4th quadrant of its I-V characteristics?
(l) Explain how triangular waveforms can be produced using OP-AMPs.
(m) A Zener diode regulates at 50 V over a range of diode current 5 mA to 40 mA. The
supply voltage is 200 V. Find the value of resistance R to allow voltage regulation
from a load current 0 A to a Maximum value of load current Imax. Find also Imax.
(n) Thermal noise in a CE mode circuit is much higher than that in a CB mode circuit.
Explain.

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CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR10T/2022

2. (a) Explain why the depletion region in FET is wider near the drain and narrower near 3
source?
(b) Explain why the gain of a R-C coupled amplifier falls at low and high frequencies? 4
(c) Determine the output voltage of an OPAMP for input voltages vi1 = 150 μV, 3
vi2 = 140 μV. The amplifier has a differential gain Ad = 4000 and CMRR = 100.

3. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of a non-inverting summing amplifier and find its voltage 3
gain.
(b) A PNP transistor is used in self biasing arrangement. The circuit components are 4
VCC = 10 V, RC = 5.2 kΩ, R1 = 27 kΩ, R2 = 2.7 kΩ, RE = 0.27 kΩ, VBE = 0.7 V and
β = 49. Find the stability factor and quiescent point. (The variables have their usual
meaning)
(c) Calculate the ripple percentage of a capacitor filter for a peak rectified voltage of 3
30 V, the value of capacitor C = 50 μF and a load current of 50 mA.

4. (a) Derive the expressions for non-ideal inverting voltage gain and non-inverting 1 1 +1 1 +1
2 2
voltage gain of an operational amplifier. Hence find the ideal voltage gains also.
(b) Determine the feedback factor for the RC-phase-shift oscillator using BJT. 3
(c) What is negative feedback in amplifier? Find the effect of negative feedback on 1+2
distortion.

5. (a) In a Hartley oscillator the self inductances are L1 = 100 mH, L2 = 1 mH and mutual 3
inductance between the coils is 20 mH, Find the frequency of oscillation of the
oscillator if the value of capacitance = 20 μF.
(b) Find the forward resistance of a Si PN junction diode if the forward current through 3
the diode is 5 mA at Temperature T = 300 K (ŋ for Si = 2).
(c) An operational amplifier is to be used with positive feedback to produce a non- 4
inverting comparator circuit. If resistor, R1 = 10 kΩ and resistor, R2 = 90 kΩ, what
will be the values of the upper and lower switching points of the reference voltage
and the width of the hysteresis if the op-amp is connected to a dual ±10 V power
supply.

N.B. : Students have to complete submission of their Answer Scripts through E-mail / Whatsapp to
their own respective colleges on the same day / date of examination within 1 hour after end of
exam. University / College authorities will not be held responsible for wrong submission (at in
proper address). Students are strongly advised not to submit multiple copies of the same
answer script.

——×——

4127 2
CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR08T/2021

WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Honours 4th Semester Examination, 2021

PHSACOR08T-PHYSICS (CC8)

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-III

Time Allotted: 2 Hours Full Marks: 40

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates should answer in their own words and adhere to the word limit as practicable.
All symbols are of usual significance.

Question No. 1 is compulsory and answer any two from the rest

1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 2×10 = 20

(a) If i   1 , show that i 2i  e .

(b) Show that f ( z )  | z |2 satisfies Cauchy-Riemann conditions only at z  0 .

(c) Show that there are exactly n distinct n-th roots of z .

z2  4
(d) Find the residues at the poles of the function f ( z )   .
z 3  2z 2  2z

(e) Evaluate  ( z 4  2 z 3  3z 2  4 z  5)dz , where C is a unit circle around z  0 .

C

(f) Give reasons whether the Fourier transformation of the following function exists.
 1, if x is a rational number
f ( x)  
 1, if x is a irrational number

(g) If F (k ) is the Fourier transform of f (x) and G(k ) is the Fourier transform of
g ( x)  f ( x  a) , then show that G(k )  e iak F (k ) .
 t
(h) Find the Fourier transform of exponential decay function e .

(i) Evaluate the Fourier transformation of f ( x)  ( x 2  x  1) ( x  1) . Where  (x) is

the Dirac-delta distribution.
(j) Show that the scalar potential associated with a vector field which is irrotational
and also solenoidal, obeys Laplace’s equation.

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CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR08T/2021

d 2 2 d
(k) If  be a function of r only, then show that  2   .
dr 2 r dr
(l) Show that under similarity transformation the trace of a matrix remains invariant.

(m) If A is non-singular, then show that the eigenvalues of A1 are the reciprocals of
those of A and every eigen vectors of A is also an eigen vectors of A1 .

(n) Let P be a hermitian matrix with property P 2  P . Show that for any vector x ,
the vectors Px and (1  P )x are orthogonal.

2. (a) Find the roots of the equation z 4  256 and plot the roots in the complex plane. 2
2
cos 2
(b) Evaluate I   a2  b2  2ab cos  d , b  a  0 . 4
0

(c) If the inner product between two matrices A and B is defined by 2+2
0 1 0  i
( A, B)  Trace ( A †B) , show that σ1    and σ 2    are orthogonal
 1 0   i 0 
to each other. Determine the eigenvalues of the matrices σ1 and σ 2 .

1
3. (a) Find the Laurent series of f ( z )  about z  0 . 2
z ( z  2) 3
(b) For source free region, the electrostatic potential V (r ) can be obtained from the 4
solution of Laplace equation, which reads 2V  0 . A unit disk (r  1) has no
source of charge on it. The potential on the rim (r  1) is given by 2 sin 4θ, where
θ is the polar angle. Obtain an expression for potential inside the disk.
 4 2
(c) Verify Caley-Hamiltonian theorem for the matrix A    , and hence find 4
 1 3
A1 .

| t |
4. (a) Find the Fourier transformation of f (t )  e , and hence using inversion, deduce 3

dx 
that  1 x2  2 .
0

(b) The Gaussian distribution centred on t  0 with root mean square deviation 3
1  t2  ~
 t   is given by f (t )  exp   2  , t  ( , ) . If f (} is the
 2  2 
1 it
Fourier transformation of f (t ) with the Kernel e , show that t  1 .
2
(c) If z  x  iy , show that the complex valued function f ( z)  | x | i | y | is analytic, 4
only in the second and fourth quadrants.

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CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR08T/2021

5. (a) For a spherically symmetric function f (r)  f (r ) in three dimensions find the 4
Fourier transform of f (r ) as a one-dimensional integral.
(b) A complex function g (w) is define as 4

z3  2 z
g ( w)   dz .
C
( z  w) 3

show that g (w)  6 i w , when w is inside the contour C.

(c) Show that if A and B are two similar matrices related through the non-singular 2
matrix S as B  S 1 A S , then A and B have same set of eigenvalues.

N.B. : Students have to complete submission of their Answer Scripts through E-mail / Whatsapp
to their own respective colleges on the same day / date of examination within 1 hour after
end of exam. University / College authorities will not be held responsible for wrong
submission (at in proper address). Students are strongly advised not to submit multiple
copies of the same answer script.

——×——

4027 3 Turn Over

CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR09T/2021

WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Honours 4th Semester Examination, 2021

PHSACOR09T-PHYSICS (CC9)

Time Allotted: 2 Hours Full Marks: 40

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates should answer in their own words and adhere to the word limit as practicable.
All symbols are of usual significance.

Question No. 1 is compulsory and answer any two from the rest

1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 2×10 = 20

(a) Discuss Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle as a consequence of wave-particle
duality.
11
(b) A hydrogen atom is 5.3  10 m in radius. Use the uncertainty principle to
estimate the minimum energy an electron can have in this atom.
(c) Compare the wavelengths of an electron (me) and a muon (mμ ) each with kinetic
energy 15 keV. Given, mμ  207me
(d) ‘Although the efficiency of a four level laser is less than that of a three level laser,
still the four level laser is better than the three level laser.’ Why?
(e) Compute the coherence length of yellow light with 5893Å in 10–12 second pulse
duration. Find also the bandwidth.
(f) Write down the important characteristics of nuclear force.
(g) Assuming spherical shape of atomic nucleus, show that density of nuclear matter
is constant.
(h) When light of a given wavelength is incident on a metallic surface, the stopping
potential for the photoelectrons is 3.2 V. If a second light source whose
wavelength is double that of the first is used, the stopping potential drops to 0.8 V.
Find the cut off frequency of the metal. (Given, Speed of light in vacuum
c  3 108 m/s and charge of an electron e  1.6  1016 C).
(i) A muon is travelling through the laboratory at a speed of (3 5)c . How long does it
last?
(j) A 45 kW antenna emits radio waves at a frequency of 4 MHz. How many photons
are emitted per second? (Given, Planck constant h  6.63  1034 Js)
(k) The Davisson-Germer experiment that first demonstrate the wave nature of matter
used non relativistic electrons accelerated to 54 V. Determine the energy of the
electrons in joules. Also calculate the speed of the electrons moving in this
experiment.

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CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR09T/2021

(l) Ra-226 decays by  -particle emission with T1 2  1590 years and produces radon.
Calculate the volume of radon at STP evolved from 1g of radium in 50 years.
(m) Write down some points of resemblance between the nucleus of an atom and a
liquid drop.
(n) What is space-time interval? What is the value of space-time interval when two
events can be connected with a light signal only?

2. (a) Explain the difference between group velocity and phase (wave) velocity. Which 2+1+2
of these is associated with the particle velocity? The velocity of ocean waves is
g
u  2 , where g is the acceleration due to gravity and  is the wavelength.
Find the group velocity of ocean waves.
12
(b) An electron has a de Broglie wavelength of 2  10 m. Find its kinetic energy, 2+2+1
group and phase velocities (given, rest mass energy of electron = 511 keV, Planck
constant h  4.136  1015 eV/s, velocity of light in air c  3 108 m/s).

3. (a) What is 4-momentum? Write down the conservation law of 4-momentum. 3

(b) Draw the  -decay energy spectrum and describe the necessity of existence of a 4
new particle to explain the discrepancies in the spectrum.
(c) A particle of rest mass M1 decays into a particle of rest mass m2 and a photon. 3
What are the 4-momenta of the decaying particle and produced particle in their
respective rest frames? In the rest frame of the produced particle what is the
energy E of the photon in terms of M1, m2 and the speed of light in vacuum c?

4. (a) Using semi-empirical mass formula show that -decay can occur only for nuclei 4
with mass number, A  160 . [Given that a1  0.016919u , a2  0.019114u ,
a3  0.0007626 u , a4  0.02544u , a5  0.036u , EB (42 He)  28.3 MeV ]
(b) Show that for a normal optical source with temperature about 10 3K and 3
wavelength 6000Å, the emission is predominantly due to spontaneous transitions.
(c) Event A happens at point ( xA  5, y A  3, z A  0) and at time t A given by 3
ct A  15 ; event B occurs at (10, 8, 0) and ct B  5 . Both in system S.
(i) What is the invariant interval between A and B?
(ii) Is there an inertial system in which they occur simultaneously? If so, find its
velocity relative to S.
(iii) Is there an inertial system in which they occur at the same point? If so, find
its velocity relative to S.

5. (a) Find the total angular momentum and parity for the ground state of 16S33 and 6C13 2+2
nuclei.
(b) Derive Rayleigh-Jeans’ formula from Wien’s formula in case of blackbody 2
radiation.

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CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR09T/2021

(c) A blackbody of surface area 1cm2 is placed inside an encloser. The encloser has a 2
constant temperature 27ºC and the blackbody is maintained at 327ºC by heating it
electrically. What electric power is needed to maintain the temperature?
[Given   6.0  108 Wm2K 4 ]
(d) Discuss Wilson-Sommerfeld quantization rule. 2

N.B. : Students have to complete submission of their Answer Scripts through E-mail / Whatsapp to
their own respective colleges on the same day / date of examination within 1 hour after end
of exam. University / College authorities will not be held responsible for wrong submission
(at in proper address). Students are strongly advised not to submit multiple copies of the
same answer script.

——×——

4077 3 Turn Over

CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR10T/2021

WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Honours 4th Semester Examination, 2021

PHSACOR10T-PHYSICS (CC10)
Time Allotted: 2 Hours Full Marks: 40
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates should answer in their own words and adhere to the word limit as practicable.
All symbols are of usual significance.

Question No. 1 is compulsory and answer any two from the rest
1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 2×10 = 20
(a) The forbidden energy gap in a direct band gap semiconductor is 1.43 eV. Determine
the wavelength of radiation emitted when a conduction band electron makes a direct
recombination with a valance band hole.
(b) A current of 2.75 mA flows through the circuit given below:

If the power dissipation of D1 is 0.825 mW then find the voltage drop and power
dissipation of D2.
(c) Why do Si or Ge diode not emit light but GaAs diodes do?
 g 2V 2 
(d) Establish the relation I D   m P  for a FET. Where ID is drain current, VP is
 4 I DSS 
pinch-off voltage, and gm is trans-conductance of the FET, IDSS is shorted-gate drain
current.
(e) Write down the advantages and disadvantages of Bridge rectifier over centre-tap
rectifier.
(f) Silicon transistor with β = 150, VBE = 0.7 V, ICO = 30 nA is shown in the figure
below. Find the values of IC, IE, IB, VCE.

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CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR10T/2021

(g) On which factors does biasing of a transistor depend?

(h) What are the leakage currents of a transistor and how they are related?
(i) Write an n channel FET has the ratio of drain current and I DSS is 1:4 and
VGS = –3 Volt. Find the pinch-off voltage (Vp).
(j) Draw input-output characteristics of an OPAMP. Explain why it saturates after a
certain voltage?
(k) A 4-bit R-2R D/A converter have its output voltage 5 V. Find its resolution
percentage.
(l) Find the maximum frequency of operation of an OPAMP if the peak input voltage is
1.5 V and slew rate 0.89 V/μs.
(m) Oscillators are not given any ac input then where from ac comes at the output?
Explain how it is achieved?
(n) What is positive feedback in an amplifier? Write two advantages of positive
feedback.

eN d 2
2. (a) The effective barrier voltage of a abrupt p-n junction is given by VT  W 3
2
where Nd is the donor concentration and W the junction width. Find the transition
capacitance of the junction if junction area is A.
(b) Draw the bridge rectifier with c-filter circuit and output voltage waveform. Explain 2+2
it.
(c) How negative feedback improves bandwidth of an R-C coupled amplifier? 3

3. (a) Explain with circuit diagram the self or emitter bias of transistor amplifier. 2+2
Determine the stability factor for this type of transistor biasing.
(b) Given a CE amplifier. Find Current gain, Voltage gain, Input impedance and Output 4
impedance.

(c) Draw the frequency response of a practical OPAMP integrator and explain it. 2

4. (a) Why an offset voltage appears at the output of an OPAMP? How it can be 4
eliminated?

2
4127
CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR10T/2021
(b) Derive an expression to show the effect of negative feedback on voltage gain in an 3
amplifier.
(c) An amplifier with negative feedback has a voltage gain of 50. It is found that 1+2
without feedback, an input signal of 60 mV is required to produce a given output;
whereas with feedback, the input signal must be 0.3 V for the same output. Calculate
the open-loop voltage gain (A) and feedback factor (β).

5. (a) Briefly describe the working principle of Schmidt trigger circuit using OP-AMP. 1+2+2
Calculate the hysteresis voltage and draw the transfer characteristics for increasing
and decreasing of output voltage.
(b) What do you mean by 3dB frequencies of an R-C coupled amplifier and why they 2+3
are so called? Show that Gain Bandwidth product of the amplifier is constant.

N.B. : Students have to complete submission of their Answer Scripts through E-mail / Whatsapp to
their own respective colleges on the same day / date of examination within 1 hour after end of
exam. University / College authorities will not be held responsible for wrong submission (at in
proper address). Students are strongly advised not to submit multiple copies of the same
answer script.

——×——

4127 3 Turn Over

CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR08T/2020

WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Honours 4th Semester Examination, 2020

PHSACOR08T-PHYSICS (CC8)
Time Allotted: 2 Hours Full Marks: 40
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates should answer in their own words and adhere to the word limit as practicable.
All symbols are of usual significance.

Question No. 1 is compulsory and answer any two from the rest
1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 2×10 = 20
(a) If z  x  iy , show that | sin z |  sin x  sinh y .
2 2 2

(b) Evaluate  f ( z )dz for f ( z )  1 z along the circle of radius R centred at origin.
(c) Show that f ( z )  sin z z has a removable singularity at z  0 .
(d) Find the branch points of f (z ) = ( z 2  1) .
(e) f ( z )  u( x, y)  iv ( x, y) is analytic where u  x 2  y 2 . Find v.
~
(f) Prove that if f (x) is periodic with period a then Fourier transform f (k )  0
unless ka  2n for n being an integer.
(g) If Fourier transform of f (x) is g (s) , then show that Fourier transform of
1
f ( x) cos ax is [ g (a  s)  g (a  s)] .
2
(h) Find Fourier transform of a Dirac delta function f ( x)   ( x  b) , b being some
constant.
(i) What kind of boundary condition do you need for unique solution of Laplace
equation in a bound smooth domain?
(j) Show that real and imaginary parts of an analytic complex function individually
satisfy Laplace’s equation in two dimensions.
(k) For a 2 × 2 square matrix A find its eigenvalues in terms of t and d, given
Tr( A)  t and det( A)  d .
(l) Prove that the product of two Hermitian matrices is Hermitian if and only if they
commute.
(m) Find eigenvalues of matrix R   cos  sin   .
  sin  cos  
(n) Pauli spin matrix  x is conventionally written as,  x   0 1  . Find sin  x ,
1 0
 being a constant.

2. (a) State with justification, whether or not the function f ( z )  Re( z )  x is analytic. 1+2+1
Find the Laurent Series of f ( z )  1 about the singularity z  2 and find
z ( z  2)3
the residue of f (z ) at z  2 .

4027 1 Turn Over

CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR08T/2020

d 2
(b) Solve using Fourier Transform 2
 m 2  f ( x) , in terms of an integral, m 2
dx
being some constant.
(c) Verify Caley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix A   5 4  , and hence find A1 . 2+2
1 2

3. (a) Expand f ( z )  1 in a Laurent series valid for 1  | z  2 |  2 . 2

z ( z  1)
(b) In physical optics, Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is given by Fourier transform of 2+2
the aperture function. Suppose the aperture function (for a single slit),
1, | x |  a,
f ( x)  
0, | x |  a,

Calculate F (t ) , the amplitude of the diffraction pattern. Use Parseval relation to
calculate

sin 2 t dt .
 2
 t
(c) An uncharged conducting sphere of radius R is placed in a uniform electrostatic 4

field E  E0 kˆ . Find the potential outside the sphere using solution of Laplace’s
equation in spherical polar coordinates.

4. (a) Evaluate the following integral, 3

z 1
I  dz ,
C z  2iz 3
4

where C is the circle | z |  1 .

(b) What is meant by the Fourier transform of a function f (x) ? Show that under 1+2
complex conjugation Fourier transform of a real function f (x) satisfies
~ ~
f (k )  [ f (k )]* .
(c) Solve one dimensional heat equation, 4
u ( x, t )  2u ( x, t )
 ,
t x 2
for t  0 and u ( x, 0)   ( x) .

5. (a) Evaluate the integral 3

2
d
I  5  4 cos 
0
0 1 0
(b) Find the eigenvalues of H   1 0 0  . 3+4
0 0 2
 
Also show that its diagonalizing matrix (which makes it diagonal by similarity
transformation) can be chosen to be orthogonal.

N.B. : Students have to complete submission of their Answer Scripts through E-mail / Whatsapp
to their own respective colleges on the same day / date of examination within 1 hour after
end of exam. University / College authorities will not be held responsible for wrong
submission (at in proper address). Students are strongly advised not to submit multiple
copies of the same answer script.

——×——

4027 2
CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR09T/2020

WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Honours 4th Semester Examination, 2020

PHSACOR09T-PHYSICS (CC9)
Time Allotted: 2 Hours Full Marks: 40

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates should answer in their own words and adhere to the word limit as practicable.
All symbols are of usual significance.

Question No.1 is compulsory and answer any two from the rest.

1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 2×10=20

(a) Determine the velocity at which a particle has to move so that the relativistic mass
of the particle is twice its rest mass.
(b) Show that x 2  y 2  z 2  c 2t 2 is invariant under Lorentz transformation. Symbols
are of usual significance.
(c) A civil engineer measures a street to be L  100 m long in Earth frame (assumed
to be an inertial frame). Use the Lorentz transformation to obtain an expression for
its length measured from a spaceship S  , moving at a speed 0.20c in a direction
parallel to the street.
(d) Write down the Rayleigh-Jeans formula for classical blackbody radiation,
explaining each term. Demonstrate ―ultraviolet catastrophe‖ from the formula.
(e) Write down the expression of the change in wavelength of the scattered light in
case of Compton scattering in terms of the mass of the scatterer and fundamental
constants. Find the value of the maximum change.
(f) Using the principle of uncertainty find out the minimum energy of a particle of
mass m confined in a small cube of length a.
(g) Using De Broglie formulation, show that the group velocity of a wave packet
corresponding to a particle is equal to the velocity of the particle.
(h) If a certain metal with a work function of W  2.5 eV is illuminated by a
monochromatic light of wavelength 3500 Å. What is the maximum kinetic energy
of the electrons ejected in the photoelectric effect?
(Given, Planck constant h  6.63×10–34 Js, speed of light in vacuum
c  3×108 m/s, charge of an electron e  1.6×10–19 C).
(i) An excited atom radiates energy of a characteristic frequency and comes down to
the ground state. If the average time gap between the excitation of the atom and
the time it radiates is 1×10–8 s then estimate the inherent uncertainty in the
frequency of the emitted radiation.
(j) Define four velocity and express its relation with three velocity.
(k) Is the reaction p  n  e   ve possible? Give reasons.

4077 1 Turn Over

CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR09T/2020
(l) Why are the -particles, rather than protons and neutrons, emitted from
radioactive nuclei?
(m) Sketch schematically the N-Z plot where N is the neutron number and Z is the
atomic number. Briefly explain the significance of the plot.
(n) Find out the relation between the mean life time and half life time of a radioactive
decay.

2. (a) Show that it is impossible for a photon to transfer all its energy to a free electron. 2
(b) Show that the de Broglie wavelength of a particle of rest mass m0 and kinetic 3
hc
energy T is given by the relativistic formula   .
T  2m0c 2T
2

(c) A charged π-meson (rest mass = 273me) at rest decays into a muon (rest mass 3
= 207me) and a neutrino (zero rest mass), where me denotes the rest mass of
electron. What is the energy of the emitted neutrino?
(d) A system has only two possible non-degenerate energy levels E1 and E2 . The 2
system is in equilibrium at a temperature T and p(E ) is the probability that the
1
system is at an energy E. Show that p( E2 )  , where E  E2  E1 .
 E 
1  exp  
 k BT 

3. (a) Energy required to dislodge a bound electron from sodium is 2.3 eV. Calculate 2+1
the threshold wavelength of the light for the photoelectric effect to occur. How
long the light is to be shined on the surface of the metal to observe the
photoelectrons?
(b) If the position of a quantum particle is located using a gamma ray microscope then 4
deduce the relation between the uncertainties in position and momentum of the
particle.
(c) What is the probabilistic interpretation of wave function associated with a particle? 1+2
If the wave function of a particle is given by  ( x)  A exp (i kx) , show that its
momentum is exactly known but its position is completely uncertain.

4. (a) An incandescent lamp is operating at a temperature of 1000 K at an operating 2

frequency of 5.2×1014 Hz. Calculate the ratio of stimulated emission rate to
spontaneous emission rate. Value of h  6.63×10–34 Js and k B  1.38×10–23 JK–1.
(b) Calculate the mass of 1 Curie of 234U. Half life of 234U is 245,000 years. 2
(c) Why is the existence of electron within a nucleus ruled out? 2
(d) Explain how the neutrino hypothesis solves the apparent breakdown of 2
conservation of energy and momentum in beta decay.
(e) ‗Although the efficiency of a four level laser is less than that of a three level laser, 2
still a four level laser is better than a three level laser.‘ — Why?

5. (a) How long does it take for 60% of a sample of radon to decay? Given that the half 3
life of radon is 3.8 days.

4077 2
CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR09T/2020
(b) Draw schematically the nuclear binding energy curve. Hence explain nuclear 1+4
fission and fusion.
(c) What is the need of moderators in a nuclear reactor? 2

N.B. : Students have to complete submission of their Answer Scripts through E-mail / Whatsapp to
their own respective colleges on the same day / date of examination within 1 hour after end
of exam. University / College authorities will not be held responsible for wrong submission
(at in proper address). Students are strongly advised not to submit multiple copies of the
same answer script.

——×——

4077 3 Turn Over

CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR10T/2020

WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Honours 4th Semester Examination, 2020

PHSACOR10T-PHYSICS (CC10)
Time Allotted: 2 Hours Full Marks: 40

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates should answer in their own words and adhere to the word limit as practicable.
All symbols are of usual significance.

Question No. 1 is compulsory and answer any two from the rest

1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 2×10 = 20

(a) How the slew rate of an OPAMP is related to the maximum operating frequency of
an OPAMP?
(b) Distinguish between Zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown.
(c) Draw the circuit diagram of an emitter follower and state one of its use.
(d) Draw the energy band diagrams for intrinsic and p-type semiconductors.
(e) What is the Barkhausen criterion for a feedback amplifier to function as an
oscillator?
(f) A differential amplifier has difference mode gain Ad  5000 and CMRR = 1000.
Find the output voltage for inputs v1  200 μV and v2  190 μV .
(g) What are the fundamental differences between class A and class C amplifiers?
(h) Establish   rp  g m for a JFET.

(i) Find the bandwidth of an inverting OPAMP with R1  1 kΩ , R2  15 kΩ . Assume

that the unity gain bandwidth of the OPAMP is 3.
(j) Draw a circuit diagram of a D/A converter using R-2R.
(k) Establish the relation I C  (1   ) I CBO  I B for a BJT.

(l) Write down the approximate drops of voltages across an LED and a Si-diode
respectively when they are forward biased at room temperature.
(m) A capacitor of 0.1μF is charged to 10 V and then discharged through a resistance
1 MΩ . Calculate time required by the capacitor to reach 5 V.
(n) Two capacitors 1 μF and 9 μF are connected in series with a 10 V AC source.
Calculate the voltage drops across the respective capacitors.

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CBCS/B.Sc./Hons./4th Sem./PHSACOR10T/2020

2. (a) Write down the relation among barrier potential, doping concentrations and intrinsic 1+2
carrier concentration for a p-n junction diode. Explain the statement: “The barrier
potential across a p-n junction diode cannot be measured directly by connecting a
voltmeter across the p-n junction.”
(b) What do you mean by load line and the Q-point of a semiconductor diode circuit? 2+1
Explain with suitable diagram.
(c) Draw a circuit diagram of a full wave bridge rectifier using semiconductor diodes. 2+2
Why one should prefer a bridge rectifier over a full wave rectifier using centre tap
transformer?

3. (a) A phase shift oscillator uses OPAMP as amplifying element. Find the capacitance of 3
the capacitor used in the RC network employed in the oscillator, if the frequency of
oscillation is 10 kHz and R = 100 kΩ.
(b) Design a non-inverting amplifier of gain 5 using an ideal OPAMP. Draw the 2+1
necessary circuit diagram.
(c) Draw the circuit diagram of a Wien-bridge oscillator with output frequency 500 Hz, 2+2
choosing suitable circuit elements and identify the feedback mechanisms in this
case.

4. (a) Draw the output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in CE and CC modes 3+3
respectively, labelling different regions of operations.
(b) What is JFET? An n-channel Si (having dielectric constant 12) JFET with a channel 1+3
width 0.06 cm is doped with a concentration N d  1021 m 3 . Find the pinch off
voltage.

5. (a) Given I CQ  2 mA and VCEQ  10 V , determine R1 and RC for the n-p-n transistor 2+2
circuit given below:
18 V

RC
R1 10 F
v0
10 F
Vi

18 k 1.2 k

(b) Draw a labelled circuit diagram of a two stage R-C coupled amplifier. Find the mid 1+3+2
frequency gain of the amplifier with the help of an ac equivalent circuit. Explain
why gain falls at high frequencies.

N.B. : Students have to complete submission of their Answer Scripts through E-mail / Whatsapp to
their own respective colleges on the same day / date of examination within 1 hour after end of
exam. University / College authorities will not be held responsible for wrong submission (at in
proper address). Students are strongly advised not to submit multiple copies of the same
answer script.
——×——

2
4127