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EEE1102 Lab5

The document outlines a laboratory experiment at the University of Dhaka focused on analyzing single time-constant (STC) circuits involving capacitors and inductors. It details the objectives, theoretical background, and experimental procedures for both STC RC integrator and differentiator circuits, emphasizing the importance of time constants and voltage responses. Students are required to observe and record data, verify theoretical equations, and submit a report on their findings.

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taifurandalib859
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2 views

EEE1102 Lab5

The document outlines a laboratory experiment at the University of Dhaka focused on analyzing single time-constant (STC) circuits involving capacitors and inductors. It details the objectives, theoretical background, and experimental procedures for both STC RC integrator and differentiator circuits, emphasizing the importance of time constants and voltage responses. Students are required to observe and record data, verify theoretical equations, and submit a report on their findings.

Uploaded by

taifurandalib859
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Dhaka

Faculty of Engineering and Technology


Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Electrical Circuit Analysis Laboratory


Lab 5: Single Time Constant (STC) Circuit

1. Objective
Transient voltage and current relationships for single time-constant circuits including capacitors
and inductors are investigated in this laboratory. When activated by step voltages, such circuits
produce exponential responses, which will be experimentally seen and evaluated to validate
relevant circuit theory.
2. General Discussions
Capacitors are electrical components that are reactive and passive, and they store energy.
When the capacitor's terminal voltage changes, it sinks or sources energy in its electrostatic
field. There is nothing to respond to until the voltage changes, hence there is no current flow
and the device seems to be an open circuit. The following first-order differential equation
governs its behavior:
"#! (%)
[1] 𝑖! (𝑡) = 𝐶 "%

One major physical constraint is that the derivative cannot be infinite; one cannot change the
voltage in zero time (why?). When the capacitor is activated by a step change in voltage, it
either charges or discharges at a rate proportional to 𝑒 '%⁄( , where 𝜏 = 𝑅𝐶 is generally known
as the time constant. The direction this current flows in a capacitor is important. The capacitor
is crucial. It is obvious from the sign of the derivative and more simply expressed in a renowned
statement known as Lenz's Law, which states that a capacitor will always react to a change in
voltage by creating an opposing current. This capability is often used to stabilize voltages
across electronic devices by connecting filter capacitors to the power pins of these devices.
When a step change in voltage is applied, the response may be rapidly computed using the
following generic equation:

[2] 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑣(∞) + [𝑣(0) − 𝑣(∞)]𝑒 '%⁄(

v(∞) is the steady-state value after the exponential ahs gone to. Zero, and v(0) is the initial
voltage at t = 0+. Note that v(0) accounts for any energy already stored in the capacitor before
t = 0 when the step change in voltage occurs.
3. Experimental Work
3.1. STC RC Integrator
Devise an experiment to display the time-constant charging and discharging curves for the RC
circuit shown below. Select appropriate values for R and C so the circuit can be driven with the
lab signal generator when set to generate a square-wave (0 to 10 Volts) with frequency
sufficient to give the capacitor time to fully charge and discharge every periodic cycle. Carefully
observe the voltage directly across the capacitor with the lab oscilloscope and record in your
engineering notes for analysis. Verify equation [2] and plot voltage vs. time, accurately
determining τ, 2 τ , 3 τ , 4 τ , 5 τ .

3.2. STC RC Differentiator


Swap the positions of the resistor and capacitor in the first circuit so you can connect the
oscilloscope to observe the voltage across the resistor instead of the capacitor (remember the
scope’s ground pin is connected to the AC ground, as is the signal generator, so it is incapable
of otherwise making floating measurements). Repeat the experiment you did for part 3.1.
Discuss why the circuit for 3.1 is called an integrator (or low-pass filter), while the circuit for 3.2
is called a differentiator (or high-pass filter).

4. Report and Submission


Submit a report on the work done in this laboratory.

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