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LAB 1

The document outlines experiments for studying Sallen-Key Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters as part of an Advanced Analog Devices II course. It includes procedures for calculating and measuring critical frequencies using MultiSim software, along with design specifications for achieving desired filter responses. The document also discusses the characteristics and performance metrics of the filters, including gain and roll-off rates.

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May Zaw Hlaing
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2 views

LAB 1

The document outlines experiments for studying Sallen-Key Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters as part of an Advanced Analog Devices II course. It includes procedures for calculating and measuring critical frequencies using MultiSim software, along with design specifications for achieving desired filter responses. The document also discusses the characteristics and performance metrics of the filters, including gain and roll-off rates.

Uploaded by

May Zaw Hlaing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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111EQUATION CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1MANDALAY TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING


COE THIRD YEAR, SEMESTER II
2018-2019 ACADEMIC YEAR
EcE-32021 Advanced Analog Devices II
Experiment No.1 Active Filters

1. The Sallen-Key Low-Pass Filter


Aims: To study the Sallen-Key Low-Pass Filter by conducting the following experiment
(a) the critical frequency measurement

The Sallen-Key is one of the most common configurations for a second-order (two-pole)
filter. It is also known as a VCVS (voltage-controlled voltage source) filter. A low-pass version
of the Sallen-Key filter is shown in Figure (1). Notice that there are two low-pass RC circuits
that provide a roll-off of above the critical frequency (assuming a Butterworth
characteristic). One RC circuit consists of and the second circuit consists of and
A unique feature of the Sallen-Key low-pass filter is the capacitor that provides
feedback for shaping the response near the edge of the passband. The critical frequency for the
Sallen-Key filter is

Figure (1) The Sallen-Key Low-Pass Filter

EcE-32021 Advanced Analog Devices II (Lab Manual) Page 1


Figure (2) The Sallen-Key Low-Pass Filter

Procedure:
1. Calculate the critical frequency of the Sallen-Key low-pass filter in Figure (2).
2. In MultiSim software, construct the Sallen-Key Low-Pass Filter in Figure (2) and simulate the
circuit.
3. Measure the critical frequency in Multisim.
4. Compare the measured value in Step (3) with the calculated values in Step (1).

Critical frequency Critical frequency


(Calculated) (Measured)

2. The Sallen-Key High-Pass Filter


Aims: To design the Sallen-Key high-Pass Filter to achieve the desired critical frequency

A high-pass Sallen-Key configuration is shown in Figure (3). The components


and form the two-pole frequency-selective circuit. Notice that the positions of the
resistors and capacitors in the frequency-selective circuit are opposite to those in the low-pass
configuration. As with the other filters, the response characteristic can be optimized by proper
selection of the feedback resistors, and

EcE-32021 Advanced Analog Devices II (Lab Manual) Page 2


Figure (3) Basic Sallen-Key high-pass filter.

Procedure:
1. Choose values for the Sallen-Key high-pass filter in Figure (3) to implement an equal-value
second-order Butterworth response (damping factor of 1.414) with a desired critical frequency
of approximately 15 kHz.
2. In MultiSim software, construct the Sallen-Key high-Pass Filter in Figure (3) and simulate the
circuit.
3. Measure the critical frequency in Multisim.
4. Compare the measured value in Step (3) with the desired critical frequency.

(measured)

Conclusions:

EcE-32021 Advanced Analog Devices II (Lab Manual) Page 3


For Figure (2),
For a Butterworth response, R1/R2 = 0.586
R2 = 1.0kΩ
R1 = 0.586*1.0kΩ = 586Ω
Since RA = RB = R = 1.0kΩ and CA = CB = C = 0.022µF,
fc = 1/(2*pi*R*C) = 7.23kHz

The Sallen-Key filter in Figure (2) is Low pass active filter. The filter is active, so there
is a gain of 4 dB in passband of the filter.
Gain(passband) = 4 dB

The critical frequency of the filter defines the end of the passband and is normally
specified at the point where the reponse drops -3dB from the passband response.
The critical frequency is the frequency at which
Gain(fc) = Gain(passband) – 3dB = 1 dB
From above figure, we can see 1dB gain is at 7.231kHz. So
fc = 7.231kHz

EcE-32021 Advanced Analog Devices II (Lab Manual) Page 4


There are two RC circuits that provide a roll-off of -40dB/decade above the critical
frequency with Butterworth characteristic. We can check the roll-off rate for the filter in Figure
(2)
At frequency 10kHz, Gain = –2.732 dB
At frequency 100kHz, Gain = –40.396 dB
roll-off rate = –40.396 – (–2.732) = –37.664 dB/decade

Figure (3)
Basic Sallen-Key high-pass filter

EcE-32021 Advanced Analog Devices II (Lab Manual) Page 5

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