38 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II

CHAPTER 3.1: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF THE FIRST ORDER

AND FIRST DEGREE (15)

Contents Question No Marks

Problems on exact equations 1(e) 03

Reducible to Linear differential equation 2(a) 06

Reducible to Exact differential equations 5(a) 06

The method of solving a differential equation of the first order and first degree depends upon he type to
which it belongs. These types are .

1. Exact Differential Equation.

2. Linear Differential Equation.

3. Bernoulli’s Differential Equation.

1. Exact Diffrential Equation
A differential equaion which is obtained from its primitive by differentiation only and without any
operation of elimination is called an exact differential equation.

The necessary and sufficient condition for Mdx + Ndy = 0 to be exact is

Rules for finding the solution of the differential equation

1. Integrate Mdx w.r.t. x treating y constant. Integrate only those terms in N which are free from x
w.r.t. y . Equate the sum to a constant.

In symbolic form  Mdx (Treating y constant) +  (Terms in N free from x)dy = c

2. Integrate Ndy w.r.t. y treating x constant. Integrate only those terms in M which are free from y
w.r.t. x . Equate the sum to a constant.

In symbolic form  Ndy (Treating x constant) +  (Terms in M free from y)dx = c

1. is exact and also

solve it.

Solution:-

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 39

Its integral is

From (1) and (2), the solution is

2.

Solution:-

 y2 
3. Solve  2
 2 y  
dx  2 y tan 1 x  2 x  sinh y dy  0
1 x 
Solution:-

y2
M  2 y and N  2 y tan 1 x  2 x  sinh y
1 x2
M 2y N 2y
   2 and  2
y 1  x 2 x 1  x 2

M N
 
y x
Hence the given differential equation is exact.
The solution of the given differential equation is given by

 Mdx (Treating y constant) +  (Terms in N free from x)dy = c

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40 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II

 y2 
   2
 2 y dx   sinh y dy
1 x 
 y 2 tan 1 x  2 xy  cosh y  c

4. Solve dy  tan y  2 xy  y
dx x  x tan 2 y  sec 2 y
2

Solution:- Rewriting the given diffeential equation, we get

tan y  2 xy  y dx  x 2  x tan 2 y  sec 2 y dy  0

M  tan y  2 xy  y and N   x 2  x tan 2 y  sec 2 y

M
  sec 2 y  2 x  1  tan 2 y  2 x and N  2 x  tan 2 y
y x
M N
 
y x
Hence the given differential equation is exact.
The solution of the given differential equation is given by

 Mdx (Treating y constant) +  (Terms in N free from x)dy = c

 
  tan y  2 xy  y dx   sec 2 y dy  c

 x tan y  x 2 y  xy  tan y  c
Classwork Problems

Solve the following differential equations

1.
4 4 2 2 2

2
Ans: 2 x  2 y  3x y  7 x  8 y  c 
2
2. Ans: y log y  xy  c

3. Ans: xy sin  xy   c

4. Ans: x tan y  x 2 y  xy  tan y  c

 y2 
5.  2
 
 2 y dx  2 y tan 1 x  3 x  sinh y dy  0 Ans: y 2 tan 1 x  2 xy  cosh y  c
1 x 

Homework Problems

Solve the following differential equations

1. that Ans: x  ye x / y  4

2. Ans:

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 41

2 2 1 x
3. Ans: x  y  2a tan    c
 y

4. Ans:

5. Ans: y sin x  x sin y  xy  c

6. Ans:

y y 1  y  y
7. 2
cos dx  cos dy  2 xdx  0 Ans: x 2  sin  c
x x x x x

Integrating Factor

At times the differential equation is not exact but if it is multiplied by a sutable factor it can be converted
to an exact differential equation. Such a factor is known as an integrating factor
Sometimes integrating factor can be obtained by inspection. A list of results indicating the differential
equation is given below .
1. If u = xy, du = xdy + ydx 2. If u = x2y2 , du = 2xy2 dx + 2x2y dy
x ydx  xdy y xdy  ydx
3. If u = , du  4. If u = du 
y y2 x x2
5. If u = x2y, du = 2xy dx + x2 dy 6. If u = xy2, du = y2 dx + 2xy dy
 y y xdy  ydx
 du  ydx2  xdy
1 1
7. If u = tan  8. If u = tan , du  2
x x  y2 x x  y2

9. If u = log( x - y ), du  dx  dy 10. If u = log ( x + y), du  dx  dy

x y x y

y2 2 xydy  y 2 dx x2 2 xydx  x 2 dy
11. If u = , du  12. If u = , du 
x x2 y y2
1  ydx  xdy 
13. If u = , du   2 2

xy  x y 
1.

Solution:-

Hence the given differential equation is not exact.

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 43

Rules for finding Integrating Factor.

is a function of x alone, say f(x) then e 

f ( x ) dx
Rule1 If is an integrating factor..

1.

Solution:-

Thus , so the given differential equation is not exact.

 which is a function of x alone.

Thus the integrating factor is

Multiplying with the integrating factor, we get

Hence the given differential equation becomes exact.

The solution of the given differential equation is given by

 Mdx (Treating y constant) +  (Terms in N free from x)dy = c

 ( No term in N free from x )

   
2. Solve: 1  xy  x 2 y 2 dx  x 3 y  x 2 dy  0

 
Solution:- Comparing the given differential equation ydx  x 1  3 x 2 y 2 dy  0 with Mdx + Ndy = 0,

we get M  1  xy  x 2 y 2 & N  x3 y  x2

M N
   x  2 xy 2 &  3x 2 y  2 x
y x

M N
   Not exact
y x

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44 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II

M N

However, y x  x  2 x 2 y  3 x 2 y  2 x x  x 2 y   x  xy  1   1
 
x 2  xy  1 x  xy  1
2
N x3 y  x 2 x

1
1 1
 I.F   e dx  e  log x  e log x  x 1 
x
x

1
Multiplying the given differential equation by , we get
x

 1  xy  x 2 y 2   x3 y  x 2 
 dx   dy  0
 x   x 

1 

   y  xy 2 dx  x 2 y  x dy  0
x 
Now check that the differential equation becomes exact.
Therefore it’s solution is given by

 Mdx   N terms free from x dy  c

1 
    y  xy 2 dx   0dy  c
x 

x2 y2
 log x  xy  c
2

Rule2 If is a function of y alone, say f(y) then e  f ( y ) dy

is an integrating factor..

1. Solve: y log ydx   x  log y dy  0

Solution:- Comparing the given differential equation y log ydx   x  log y dy  0 with
Mdx + Ndy = 0, we get M  y log y & N  x  log y

M N
  log y  1 & 1
y x

M N
   Not exact
y x

N M

x y 1  1  log y   1
However,    f y
M y log y y

1
1 1
 I.F   e dy  e log y  e log y  y 1 
y

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 45
1
Multiplying the given differential equation by , we get
y

 x  log y 
log ydx    dy  0
 y 

 x log y 
 log ydx     dy  0
y y 
Now check that the differential equation becomes exact.
Therefore it’s solution is given by

 Mdx   N terms free from x dy  c

 log y 
  log ydx      dy  c
 y 

2
 x log y 
log y 
c
2
dx 1 1
Note: The problem solved above can also be solved by expressing it as  x  (Linear in x).
dy y log y y

2.

Solution:-

Thus , so the given differential equation is not exact.

 which is a function of y

alone.

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46 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II
It can be check that the given differential equation is exact.
The solution of the given differential equation is given by

 Mdx (Treating y constant) +  (Terms in N free from x)dy = c

(No term in N free from x)


Rule 3 If Mdx + Ndy = 0 is of the form y f(xy) dx + x g(xy)dy = 0 and Mx – Ny  0 then

1
is an integrating factor
Mx  Ny

 
1. Solve: ydx  x 1  3 x 2 y 2 dy  0

 
Solution:- Comparing the given differential equation ydx  x 1  3 x 2 y 2 dy  0 with Mdx + Ndy = 0,

we get M  y & N  x  3 x 3 y 2

M N
 1 &  1  9x2 y 2
y x

M N
  Not Exact.
y x 
But it is in the form y f(xy) dx + x g(xy)dy = 0

1 1 1
 I.F   3 3
 3 3
Mx - Ny xy  xy  3 x y 3x y

1
Multiplying the given differential equation by , we get
3x3 y 3

y
dx 

x 1  3x 2 y 2 
dy  0
x3 y 3 x3 y 3

1  1  3x 2 y 2 
 dx   2 3 dy  0
x3 y 2  x y 

1  1 3x 2 y 2 
 dx  
 x 2 y 3 x 2 y 3 dy  0

x3 y 2  
Now check that the differential equation becomes exact.
Therefore it’s solution is given by

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 47

 Mdx   N terms free from x dy  c

1 3
 3 2
dx   dy  c
xy y

1 1 1
  dx  3 dy  c
y2 x 3
y

2
  3 log y  c
x y22

2
  3 log y  c1
x y2
2

dx x
Note: The above problem can also be solved by expressing it has   3 x 3 y (Bernoulli’s Equation)
dy y

2.

Solution:- The given differential equation is not exact. (CHECK). Also we have

given by

 Mdx (Treating y constant) +  (Terms in N free from x)dy = c

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48 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II

Rule 4 If Mdx + Ndy = 0 is a homogeneous differential equation and Mdx + Ndy  0 then

1
is an integrating factor
Mx  Ny

 
1. Solve: x 2  3xy  2 y 2 dx  x3 x  2 y dy  0

 
Solution:- Comparing the given differential equation ydx  x 1  3 x 2 y 2 dy  0 with Mdx + Ndy = 0,

we get M  x 2  3 xy  2 y 2 & N  3 x 2  2 xy

M N
  3 y  4 y &  6x  2 y
y x

M N
  Not Exact.
y x 
But it is homogeneous in x and y.

1 1 1
 I.F   3 2 2 2 2
 3
Mx  Ny x  3 x y  2 xy  3x y  2 xy x

1
Multiplying the given differential equation by , we get
x 3

 x 2  3 xy  2 y 2  x 3x  2 y 
 3
dx  dy  0
 x  x3

Now check that the differential equation becomes exact.

Therefore it’s solution is given by

 Mdx   N terms free from x dy  c

 1 3y 2 y2 
    2  3  dx   0 dy  c
x x x 

3y y2
 log x   c
x x2

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 49

2.

Solution:-

Now

 implies that the given differential equation is exact.

The solution of the given differential equation is given by

 Mdx (Treating y constant) +  (Terms in N free from x)dy = c

1 2 3
   dx   dx   dy  c
 y x y
x
 y  2 log x  3 log y  c

Classwork Problems
Solve the following differential equations

1. Ans: x 6  3x 4 y  x 4 y 3  c

2. Ans: x 2 e x  my 2  cx 2

 2  2
3. Ans: x y  2   y  c
 y 

4. Ans: 3 x 2 y 4  6 xy 2  2 y 6  c

5. Ans : 2 xe x  y  y 2  c

6. Ans: x 3 y 3  x 2  cy

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50 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II

x
7. Ans: xy  log   c
y
 

1
8.  
Ans: log x 2 y 
xy
c

y
 
3 2 x
9. Ans: cx  y e

10. Ans: 4 x 4 log x  y 4  cx 4

11. Ans: x 2 y  x  ay   c

1
12. Ans: xy   log y 2  c
xy

Homework Problems
Solve the following
1. Ans: x 2  y 2  1  cx

2. Ans: 4 y log x  y 2  c

3. Ans: 4 x 2 y  4 x 3 y 2  x 4  c
1
1 3 y2
4. Ans: e x  c
3 2 x2
x2 e x
5. Ans:  c
2 y

1 1
6. Ans: 2 2
  log y  c
2x y xy

1
7. Ans: log x   2 log y  c
x y2
2

x
8. Ans: log   c  xy
y
 

y
Ans: log  xy 
1/ 2
9.  c
2x
y
10. Ans:  log x  2 log  x  y   c
x
x2 x
11. Ans: x 2 e y   c
y y3
12. Ans: x sec xy  cy

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 51
2. Linear Equations

A differential equation is said to be linear if the dependent variable and its derivative appears only in the
dy
first degree. The form of the linear equation of the first order is  Py  Q where P and Q are func-
dx

tions of x or constants only. Its solution is given by ye    e

Pdx Pdx
.Qdx  c .

1.

Solution:- The given differential equation is

It can be written as so that it is a linear differential equation.

Its integrating factor is

The solution is given by ye    e

Pdx Pdx
.Qdx  c .

dy 4 xy 1
2. Solve  2 
dx x  1 x  1 3
2
 
dy
Solution:- The given differential is in the form  Py  Q , which is linear in y
dx
4x 1
where P  and Q 
2
x 1 2
x 1
3
 
4x
  Pdx   2
x 1
dx  2 log x 2  1  
 e 2 log x   e log x 1   x 2  12
2 2 2
Its integrating factor is e  Pdx 1

The solution is given by ye    e

Pdx Pdx
.Qdx  c .

1
 
 y x2 1  
2

. x 2  1 dx  c 
x 2
1 
3

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52 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II

1
 dx  c
 2
x 1 
 
2
 y x 2  1  tan 1 x  c

Another form of Linear Differential Equation

A differential equation of the form dx  P ' x  Q ' where P’ and Q’ are functions of y only is also a linear
dy
differentialequation with x and y having interchanged the positions. Its solution is given
P ' dy P 'dy
xe    e .Q ' dy  c

dy dx
Remark:- To solve a linear differential equation first write the equation with the coefficient of or
dx dy
as unity.

1. Solve x  2 y 3  dy
dx
y

Solution:- The given differential equation is

it can be

written as .i.e.

We

P ' dy P 'dy
The solution is given by xe    e .Q ' dy  c

2. Solve: dx  xdy  e  y sec 2 ydy

dx
Solution:- The given differential equation can be written as  x  e  y sec 2 y .
dy
dx
This equation is in the form  P ' x  Q ' , which is linear in x.
dy
dx
where P '  1 and Q'  e  y sec 2 y .  x  e  y sec 2 y
dy

  P ' dy   1 dy  y
P ' dy
Its integrating factor is e   ey

The solution is given by xe    e

P ' dy P ' dy
.Qdy  c .

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 53
 xe y   e  y sec 2 y e y dy  c

  sec 2 y dy  c
 tan y  c
 xe y  tan y  c
dx 1 1
Note: The problem solved on page can also be solved by expressing it as  x
dy y log y y
Classwork Problems
Solve the following differential equations

1.  
2
Ans: y x 2  1  tan 1 x  c

2.  
Ans: y x 2  1  tan 1 x  c

3. Ans: y log x  log x 3  c

tan 3 x
4. Ans: y sec x  tan x  c
3

2  sin 4 
5. Ans: r sin   c
2

6. Ans: xe y  tan y  c

1
7. sin 2 y dx  tan y  x dy Ans: x tan y  tan y 3 / 2  c
3

Homework Problems
3 x2
1. Ans: y  x  c
x 1

2. Ans: y  c tan x  tan x

2
3. Ans: y cosh x  cosh 3 x  c
3

5. Ans: yx sec x  tan x  c

6. Ans: xy  tan 1 y  c

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54 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II

tan 1 y 1 2 tan 1 y
7. Ans: xe  e c
2

Equation Reducible To Linear Form

dy
(I) A differential equation of the type f ' ( y )  P. f ( y )  Q where P and Q are functions of x only can
dx

be reduce to linear form by substituting f (y) = v. Its solution is given by ve    e

Pdx Pdx
.Qdx  c

dy tan y
1. Solve   1  x e x sec y
dx 1  x

dy tan y
Solution:- The given differential equation is   1  x e x sec y
dx 1  x

dy sin y
It can be written as cos y   1  x e x ..........(i)
dx 1  x

dy dv
Let sin y = v  cos y 
dx dx

dv v
Hence equation (i) is rewritten as   1  x e x
dx 1  x

The solution is given by ve    e

Pdx Pdx
.Qdx  c .

dy 2
2. Solve 3 y 2  2 y 3 x  4 x 3e x
dx

2 dy 2

Solution:- The given differential equation is 3 y  2 y 3 x  4 x 3e x

dx
dt dy
Put t  y 3 t  sec x   3y2
dx dx
dy 2 dt 2
3 y 2  2 y 3 x  4x3e x becomes  2t  4 x 3 e x
dx dx
dt
This differential equation is in the form  Pt  Q , where P  2t and Q  4 x 3e x 2
dx

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 55

  P dx   2t dx  x 2
2
P dx
Its integrating factor is e   ex

The solution is given by te    e

P dx P dx
.Qdx  c
2
 y 3e x   4 x e dx  c
3 2 x2

 4x e dx  c
3 2 x2

t
    et dt  c   ( Put 2 x 2  t )
 2
1 t t

2

te  e  c 
2
e2x

2
2x 2 1  c  
2 2

 2 y 3e x  e 2 x 2 x 2  1  c . 
' dx
(II) A differential equation of the type f ( x )  P. f ( x )  Q where P and Q are functions of y only
dy
can be reduce to linear form by substituting f (x) = v. Its solution is given by

ve    e
Pdy Pdy
.Qdy  c


1. Solve e x  x  1dx  y 2 e 2 y  xe x dy  0 
dx
Solution:- The given differential equation can be written as e x  x  1  xe x   y 2 e 2 y
dy

Put t  xe x  dt dx
 e x  x  1
dy dy
dx
e x  x 1  xex   y 2e2 y becomes dt  t   y 2 e 2 y
dy dy
dt
This differential equation is in the form  Pt  Q ,
dy

where P  1 and Q   y 2 e 2 y

  P dy    1dy   y

Its integrating factor is e 

P dy
 e y

The solution is given by te    e

P dy P dy
.Qdy  c .


 te  y   e  y .  y 2 e 2 y dy  c 
  y 2

e y dy  c


  y 2e y  2 ye y  2e y  c 
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56 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II

 
 xe x  y   e y y 2  2 y  2  c
dx
2. Solve y sin x  cos x  2 y 3 cos2 x
dy
dx sec x
Solution:- The given differential equation can be written as sec x tan x   2y2
dy y

Put t  sec x  dt dx
 sec x tan x
dy dy
dx sec x
 sec x tan x   2 y 2 becomes dt  t  2 y 2
dy y dy y
dt
This differential equation is in the form  Pt  Q , where P   1 and Q  2 y 2
dy y

 1
  P dy    dy   log y
 y 
P dy 1 1
Its integrating factor is e   e log y  e log y 
y

The solution is given by te    e

P dy P dy
.Qdy  c .

1 1 2
 sec x     . 2 y dy  c  2 y dy  c  y 2  c
 y  y 
 sec x  y 3  cy
Classwork Problems
Solve the following differential equations

1 2
1. Ans: xe x y  y c
2

2
2. Ans: tan y  1  ce  x

y y2 y2
3. Ans:  log y  c
2 2 4

4. Ans: 2 x cos ecy  1  cx 2

dx
5. y sin x  cos x  2 y 3 cos2 x Ans: sec x  y 3  cy
dy

dy
6. tan y  tan x1  cos y   0 Ans: sec y  1  c cos x
dx

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 57
Homework Problems
Solve the following differential equations

1. Ans: tan
1
y
x 2
1 
 ce  x
2

1 2
2. Ans: tan y 
2
 
x  1  ce  x
2

x sin 2 x
3. Ans: sec y. sec x   c
2 4
x
4. Ans: e y  e x  1  ce  e

5. Ans: y 2 x 2 / 3  2 x 4 / 3  c

sin y
6. Ans:  ex  c
1 x

7. Ans: sec x  y 3  cy

8.
2 2

Ans: 2 y 3e x  e 2 x 2 x 2  1  c 

Bernoulli’s Equation

dy
An equation of the form  Py  Qy n where P and Q are functions of x alone or constant, is called
dx

Bernoulli’s Equation and is reducible to linear form by dividing by yn and by putting . After

simplication it can be solved by the linear equations method.

dy sin x cos2 x
1. Solve  y tan x 
dx y2

dy
Solution:- The given differential equation can be written as y 2  y 3 tan x  sin x cos 2 x
dx

dy dt dy 1 dt
Put y 3  t  3y2   y2 
dx dx dx 3 dx

dy 3 1 dt
 y2  y tan x  sin x cos2 x becomes  tan x t  sin x cos 2 x
dx 3 dx

dt
  3 tan x  t  3 sin x cos 2 x
dx

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58 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II

dt
This differential equation is in the form  Pt  Q , where P  3 tan x and Q  3 sin x cos 2 x
dx
3
  P dx    3 tan x dx  3 log cos x   log cos x 
3
 e log cos x   cos x 
 P dx 3
Its integrating factor is e

The solution is given by te    e

P dx P dx
.Qdx  c .

 y 3 . cos 3 x   3 sin x cos 2 x .cos x  dx  c

3

  3 sin x .cos x  dx  c
5

 3
cos x 6  c
6

 y 3 . cos 3 x  
cos x 6  c
2

2.

Solution:- The given differential equation is

The differential equation can be written as

Now the given differential equation becomes

This is a linear differential equation.

 I.F is

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 59

Substituting the value of v we get .

Another form of Bernoulli’s Equation.

dx
An equation of the form  P ' x  Q ' x n where P and Q are functions of y alone or constant, is called
dy
1
Bernoulli’s Equation and is reducible to linear form by dividing by xn and by putting  v . After
x n 1
simplication it can be solved by the linear equations method.

dx
1. Solve y  x  yx 2 cos y
dy

1 dx 1
Solution:- The given differential equation can be written as    cos y
x 2 dy xy

1 1 dx dt
Put  t  
x x 2 dy dy

1 dx 1 dt t
   cos y becomes    cos y
2
x dy xy dy y

dt
This differential equation is in the form  Pt  Q ,
dy

1
where P  and Q   cosy
y

1
  P dy    dy  log y
 y
P dy
Its integrating factor is e   e log y  y

The solution is given by te    e

P dy P dy
.Qdy  c .

1
 y    y. cos y dy  c
x
   y sin y  cos y  c

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60 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II
y
   y sin y  cos y   c
x
Equations reducible to Bernoulli’s Form
dy
 1  x y  x   x3  y  x 
2
1. Solve
dx
dy 2
Solution:- The given differential equation is  1  x y  x   x3  y  x 
dx

dy dt
Put y  x  t  1 
dx dx

dt 1 dt x
The given differential equation can be written as   xt  x 3t 2  2
  x3
dx t dx t

1 1 dt dv
Put v   2 
t t dx dx

1 dt x dv
 2
  x 3 becomes  xv  x 3
t dx t dx

dv
This differential equation is in the form  Pv  Q ,
dx

where P   x and Q  x 3

 x2
  P dx    x dx 
2
2
Its integrating factor is e  P dx
 e x /2

The solution is given by ve   e .Qdx  c .

P dx P dx

1 2 2
 
 e  x / 2   e  x / 2 . x 3 dx  c
t

1
 e u   e u . 2u  du   c
t

1
 e u  eu 2u  1  c
t

1 2 2    x2  
 e  x / 2  e  x / 2  2   1  c

t   2  

1
 
2
   x 2  2  ce x / 2
t

1

yx
 
2
  x 2  2  ce x / 2

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 61
Classwork Problems
Solve the following differential equations

dy 2
1. x  y  y 3 x n 1 Ans: n  1  cx 2  2 x n 1
dx 2
y

dz z z 1 2
2.  log x  3 log z 
3
Ans:   cx 2
dx x x log z  3x
2

dy 1
3. x  y  y 2 log x Ans:  log x  1  cx
dx y

dx y
4. y  x  yx 2 cos y Ans:  y sin y  cos y  c
dy x

Homework Problems
Solve the following differential equations

dy 1 2

1.  x 3 y 3  xy Ans: 2
 x 2  1  ce x
dx y

dy 1 5 3
2. x  x3 y6  y Ans: 5
 x  cx 5
dx y 2

dy  1
3. y  cos x  y 2 1  sin x  cos x , given y = 2 when x = 0 Ans: tan x  sec x  y  sin x  
dx  2
2
dy ex /2
4.  xy  y 2 e  x / 2 log x Ans:  x1  log x   c
dx y

dz z z 1 1
 log x  2 log z 
2
5. Ans:  2 c
dx x x x log z 2 x

dr r2 1
6.  r tan   Ans:  sin   c cos 
d cos r

dy 2 y3 1 1
7.  y 3 Ans: 2
 2  cx 2
dx x x y 3x

1
 
8. ydx  x 1  3 x 2 y 2 dy  0 Ans:
x y2
2
 6 log y  c

dx y
9. y  x  yx 2 sin y Ans:  y cos y  sin y  c
dy x

2
y

10. xy 1  xy
2
 dy
dx
1 Ans:
1 2

 2 y ce 2
x

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62 APPLIED MATHEMATICS - II

dy 1 2

11.  1  x y  x   x3  y  x 
2
Ans:   x 2  2  ce x / 2
dx yx
Exercise

dy e y 1 y
1.   Ans: 2 xe  2cx 2
dx x 2 x

dy x9 3
2. 4 x 2 y
dx
  
 3x 3 y 2  2  3 y 2  2
3
 Ans:

3y2  2
 x8  c
8 
2

1
 2  2 y2 2 3
1
  x 
3.  xy e dx  x ydy  0 Ans: 2  e x  c
  x 3

dy 1
4.  y  y 2 cos x  sin x  Ans:  sin x  ce x
dx y

dy y3
5.  Ans: e 2 x y 2  2 log y  c
dx e 2 x  y 2

dy
6. 4 xy
dx
 
 y 2  3  x3 y 2  3
3
   
2
Ans: 4 x  x 4 y 2  3  c' y 2  3  0  
2

 e 2 x y  dx

7.   1 Ans: 2 x  c
x x  dy
 

y 
8.  sec y  tan y  dx   x  sec y log x dy  0 Ans: y log x  x sin y  c
x 

9. Ans: x 4  3 x 2 y 2  7 x 2  y 4  8 y 2  0

dy y 2 x
10. x  y Ans: log x  c
dx x y

dy
11.
dx
 x 3  x  y   x x  y   1
3

Ans:  x  y 2 x 2  1  ce x  1
2

dy
12. x  y log y  xye x Ans: e x log y  e x  x  1  c
dx

 
13. 1  y 2 dx   1 y 2

sin y  xy dy Ans: x 1  y 2  cos y  c
1 2

 
14. x 3 y 3  xy dy  dx
2
Ans: y  1 
x 2
 ce  y

dy tan y  2 xy  y
15.  2 Ans: x tan y  x 2 y  xy  tan y  c
dx x  x tan 2 y  sec 2 y

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 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 63

dy
16.  x  1  y  e x  x  1
2

dx

Ans: y   x  1 e x  c 
dy 1 x
17.  y  y 2 sin x  cos x  Ans: e  e x sin x  c
dx y
dy  x x  x
18. sin x  2 y  tan 3   Ans: 5 y tan 2    tan 5    c
dx  2 2  2

 log log y  2 3   log x  x2 y3

19.   xy  dx    x 2 y 2  dy  c Ans: loglog y . log x  c
 x 3   y log y  3

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