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Chapter 8
Using Accounting Information to Make Managerial Decisions
2. Determine the qualitative and quantitative impacts of special order pricing. (Unit 8.2)
Special orders arise because a customer wants a pricing arrangement that differs from
the normal price. The justification for the price difference could be that the requested
product differs from the normal product; that the customer is buying in large quantities
for which no regular volume discount is available; or that the customer is new and
willing to try the product or service only at a special rate. Special orders can be
advantageous to the company if excess capacity is available, or if the new business they
generate is expected to have a long-term payoff.
To calculate the effect of a special order on operating income, first identify the
avoidable costs associated with the special order. If capacity is available, then fixed
overhead is an unavoidable cost. Watch out for the loss of normal sales if the entire
special order can’t be filled with available capacity. In that case, lost contribution margin
from normal sales is one cost of the special order.
If a company continually accepts special orders to fill capacity, then the larger issue to
evaluate is whether a permanent use can be found for the capacity, or if not, whether
some assets can be eliminated to reduce capacity costs.
2. Unavoidable costs are incurred under all alternatives, thus they are always relevant.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – False – Unavoidable costs are incurred under all alternatives, thus they are irrelevant.
LO: 1, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
3. Sunk costs are irrelevant in deciding between two alternatives because they are incurred in the
past, not the future.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – True
LO: 1, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
4. A type of analysis that helps decision makers understand the impact of their choices is referred
to as incremental analysis.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – True
LO: 1, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
5. All variable costs are relevant and all fixed costs are irrelevant.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – False – Cost behavior does not determine whether a cost is relevant.
LO: 1, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
6. The first step in making any decision is to consider all available alternatives.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – False – The first step in making any decision is to understand exactly what decision is
being made.
LO: 1, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
7. The Robinson-Patman Act of 1936 prohibits companies from engaging in price discrimination –
that is, offering the same item to different customers at different prices.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – True
LO: 2, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
8. The Sarbanes Act of 1936 prohibits companies from engaging in price discrimination – that is,
offering the same item to different customers at different prices.
Unit 8-2 – LO2 – False – The Robinson Patman Act of 1936 prohibits companies from engaging in price
discrimination – that is, offering the same item to different customers at different prices.
LO: 2, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
9. Sometimes companies will accept new business at a loss with the expectation that certain
customers can influence other potential customers.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – True
LO: 2, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
10. If regular sales are given up to take a special order, the lost contribution margin on the regular
sales must be subtracted from the contribution margin of the special order to arrive at the total
impact on operating income.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – True
LO: 2, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
11. In evaluating whether or not to accept a special order, decision makers need to consider only
quantitative factors.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – False – In evaluating whether or not to accept a special order, decision makers need to
consider more than just quantitative factors.
LO: 2, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
12. When a customer requests a special order and the supplier has capacity constraints, reducing
the special order is not normally an option.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – True
LO: 2, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
13. The option of accepting a special order should always be chosen if the price exceeds the
relevant costs to produce and deliver the order to the customer.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – False – Qualitative factors should be considered in the decision to accept a special order.
LO: 2, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
18. When a company accepts an outsourcing offer, managers must take specific action to eliminate
the internal costs.
Unit 8-3, LO3 – True
LO: 3, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-3, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
19. Because depreciation is a fixed cost that is not avoidable, it is irrelevant in making an
outsourcing decision.
Unit 8-3, LO3 – True
LO: 3, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-3, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
20. An opportunity cost is the contribution margin of the next-best alternative use of the facilities.
Unit 8-3, LO3 – True
LO: 3, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-3, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
21. In an outsourcing decision, one important factor is the quality of the outsourced product.
Unit 8-3, LO3 – True
LO: 3, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-3, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
22. When a company outsources a product, it is easier to control product quality than if the product
is produced internally.
Unit 8-3, LO3 – False – When a company produces a product internally, it is easier to control product
quality than it is if the product is made by another firm.
LO: 3, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-3, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
23. According to the Theory of Constraints, all production should be subordinated to the bottleneck
operation.
Unit 8-4, LO4 – True
LO: 4, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-4, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
24. The formula for calculating the contribution margin per constrained resource is Contribution
Margin Per Unit divided by Units Produced.
Unit 8-4, LO4 – False – the formula for calculating the contribution margin per constrained resource is
Contribution Margin Per Unit divided by Constrained Resource Per Unit.
LO: 4, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-4, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Measurement, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
25. In an environment where the there is a constrained resource, the resource should be allocated
first to the product with the highest contribution margin.
Unit 8-4, LO4 – False - In an environment where the there is a constrained resource, the resource should
be allocated first to the product with the highest contribution margin per constrained resources, and so
on.
LO: 4, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-4, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
26. The Theory of Constraints seeks to maximize throughput contribution, which equals sales
revenue less direct materials cost.
Unit 8-4, LO4 – True
LO: 4, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-4, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Measurement, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
27. Costs such as rent and the production manager’s salary are non-differential, but are relevant.
Unit 8-5 – LO5 – False – Costs such as rent and the production manager’s salary are non-differential, and
therefore not relevant to the decision.
LO: 5, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-5, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
28. The segment margin is the contribution margin of a particular segment less any direct fixed
costs.
Unit 8-5, LO5 – True
LO: 5, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-5, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Measurement, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
29. In determining whether or not to eliminate a segment, differential costs are relevant to the
decision.
Unit 8-5, LO5 – True
LO: 5, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-5, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
30. Variable costs associated with a segment’s sales may not always be avoidable.
Unit 8-5, LO5 – False – Variable costs associated with a segment’s sales are always avoidable.
LO: 5, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-5, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 1, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
32. To focus on the facts that make a difference in their decisions, managers need to know how to
eliminate
a. Avoidable costs.
b. Non-value added activities.
c. Irrelevant information.
d. All of these answer choices are correct.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – C
LO: 1, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
37. In evaluating the relevance of specific information, which of the following must the decision
maker know
a. The classification of any relevant costs.
b. The behavior of any relevant costs.
c. The context of the decision.
d. All of these answer choices are correct.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – C
LO: 1, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
39. One way companies have tried to combat information overload is through the creation of
a. Information firewalls.
b. Information dashboards.
c. Information warning signals.
d. Information ceilings.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – B
LO: 1, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
42. Costs that occur only with the implementation of a particular alternative are referred to as
a. Avoidable.
b. Sunk.
c. Opportunity.
d. None of these answer choices are correct.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – A
LO: 1, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
48. Which of the following is a consideration other than the financial impact that managers should
address when choosing whether or not to expand their operations?
a. Will an increase in production and sales reduce existing customer service levels?
b. Should the company risk hiring a new sales representative?
c. Will the expected extra sales become reality?
d. All of these answer choices are correct.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – D
LO: 1, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
49. Once viable alternatives have been identified by a decision maker, which of the following is not
a step that should be followed?
a. Develop a list of relevant revenues and costs.
b. Identify any qualitative factors that may affect the decision.
c. Reconsider nonviable alternatives.
d. All of the listed steps should be followed.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – C
LO: 1, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
50. Once viable alternatives have been identified by a decision maker, which of the following is not
a step that should be followed?
a. Develop a list of relevant revenues and costs.
b. Identify any qualitative factors that may affect the decision.
c. Choose the alternative that produces the greatest benefit or the lowest cost.
d. All of the listed steps should be followed.
Unit 8-1, LO1 – D
LO: 1, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
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51. Ellis Dover is a scout for a Major League Baseball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. Ellis needs to
travel to Los Angeles, California on June 1 to perform a variety of professional functions prior to
the team travelling to Los Angeles to play. If Ellis flies, he could catch a 6 a.m. flight on June 1.
In order to perform all of his professional responsibilities, Ellis will need to spend the night and
catch a flight on June 2nd to return to Phoenix. If Ellis flies, he will need to rent a car for $38 per
day. To cover meals and other incidental expenses, Ellis will receive $45 per day (per diem) for
each day he works out of town. Flights between Phoenix and Los Angeles can be purchased for
$89 one way.
Phoenix is approximately 300 miles from Los Angeles, a 5-hour drive at speed limits permitted
on the freeways connecting the two cities. If he drives from Phoenix to Los Angeles, Ellis would
need to leave the afternoon of May 31 and would be reimbursed $.50 per mile. He would need
to spend 2 nights in a hotel, the night of May 31 and the night of June 1. He would return to
Phoenix by car on June 2nd. The hotel used by the team charges $160 per night. What is the
relevant cost of driving?
a. $755
b. $505
c. $415
d. $428
Unit 8-1, LO1 – B
LO: 1, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Measurement, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Cost Management
Solution: (300 x 2 x $0.50) +$160 + $45 = $505
Because he would have to stay overnight and be paid an additional day of expenses, if he drives versus flying, only the
cost of driving plus one night of hotel and one additional day of per diem are relevant.
52. Ellis Dover is a scout for a Major League Baseball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. Ellis needs to
travel to Los Angeles, California on June 1 to perform a variety of professional functions prior to
the team travelling to Los Angeles to play. If Ellis flies, he could catch a 6 a.m. flight on June 1.
In order to perform all of his professional responsibilities, Ellis will need to spend the night and
catch a flight on June 2nd to return to Phoenix. If Ellis flies, he will need to rent a car for $38 per
day. To cover meals and other incidental expenses, Ellis will receive $45 per day (per diem) for
each day he works out of town. Flights between Phoenix and Los Angeles can be purchased for
$89 one way.
Phoenix is approximately 300 miles from Los Angeles, a 5-hour drive at speed limits permitted
on the freeways connecting the two cities. If he drives from Phoenix to Los Angeles, Ellis would
need to leave the afternoon of May 31 and would be reimbursed $.50 per mile. He would need
to spend 2 nights in a hotel, the night of May 31 and the night of June 1. He would return to
Phoenix by car on June 2nd. The hotel used by the team charges $160 per night. What is the
relevant cost of flying?
a. $414
b. $254
c. $459
d. $504
Unit 8-1, LO1 – B
LO: 1, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Measurement, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Cost Management
Solution: ($89 x 2) + ($38 x 2) = $254
Staying overnight for one night is not relevant, since he would have to do that regardless of if he drives or flies.
53. Ellis Dover is a scout for a Major League Baseball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. Ellis needs to
travel to Los Angeles, California on June 1 to perform a variety of professional functions prior to
the team travelling to Los Angeles to play. If Ellis flies, he could catch a 6 a.m. flight on June 1.
In order to perform all of his professional responsibilities, Ellis will need to spend the night and
catch a flight on June 2nd to return to Phoenix. If Ellis flies, he will need to rent a car for $38 per
day. To cover meals and other incidental expenses, Ellis will receive $45 per day (per diem) for
each day he works out of town. Flights between Phoenix and Los Angeles can be purchased for
$89 one way.
Phoenix is approximately 300 miles from Los Angeles, a 5-hour drive at speed limits permitted
on the freeways connecting the two cities. If he drives from Phoenix to Los Angeles, Ellis would
need to leave the afternoon of May 31 and would be reimbursed $.50 per mile. He would need
to spend 2 nights in a hotel, the night of May 31 and the night of June 1. He would return to
Phoenix by car on June 2nd. The hotel used by the team charges $160 per night. What is the
incremental cost of driving over flying?
a. $101
b. $251
c. $116
d. $296
Unit 8-1, LO1 – B
LO: 1, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-1, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Measurement, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Cost Management
Driving – Flying = Incremental cost
Driving: (300 x 2 x $0.50) +$160 + $45 = $505
Flying: ($89 x 2) + ($38 x 2) = $254
Solution: $505 - $254 = $251
54. Which of the following laws prohibits companies from engaging in price discrimination?
a. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
b. Robinson-Patman Act of 1936
c. The Securities Act of 1933
d. NAFTA
Unit 8-2, LO2 – B
LO: 2, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
55. Which of the following laws prohibits companies from offering the same item to different
customers at different prices?
a. NAFTA
b. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977
c. Robinson-Patman Act of 1936
d. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – C
LO: 2, Bloom: K, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Easy, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving and
Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
56. Which of the following is not a reason a company would be willing to accept new business at a
loss?
a. The company has the expectation that it will make up for it in later years.
b. The company has the expectation that certain customers can influence other potential
customers.
c. The company has the expectation that its estimates will prove incorrect and that the
business will result in a profit.
d. All of these answer choices are correct.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – C
LO: 2, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
57. Which of the following is a reason a company would be willing to accept new business at a loss?
a. The new business will allow the company to reduce its fixed costs.
b. The new business will always cover variable costs.
c. The new business may result in certain customers influencing other potential customers.
d. All of these answer choices are correct.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – C
LO: 2, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
58. Which of the following would not be a relevant cost in a special order of expensive clocks?
a. Direct materials
b. Direct labor
c. Variable overhead
d. Fixed overhead
Unit 8-2, LO2 – D
LO: 2, Bloom: AP, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
59. Which of the following costs would be relevant in deciding whether to accept a special order?
a. Direct material
b. Variable overhead
c. Both direct material and variable overhead
d. Neither direct material nor variable overhead
Unit 8-2, LO2 – C
LO: 2, Bloom: AP, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
60. In making the decision about whether to accept a special order for pianos, which of the
following costs should be considered?
a. Relevant costs to produce the pianos
b. Relevant costs to sell the pianos
c. Both relevant costs to produce the pianos and relevant costs to sell the pianos
d. Neither relevant costs to produce the pianos nor relevant costs to sell the pianos
Unit 8-2, LO2 – C
LO: 2, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
61. If a special order results in a positive contribution margin of $8 when the contribution margin
for regular orders is $15, which of the following decisions is the most likely to be chosen?
a. Accept the order
b. Reject the order
c. Accept the order, but only if the customer agrees to an increase in the selling price to
match the $15 regular contribution margin.
d. Accept the order, but only if the customer agrees to an increase of $7 in the selling
price.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – A
LO: 2, Bloom: AP, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 3, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
62. If a special order is being considered when the product normally sells for $10 and relevant costs
are $6 to produce a unit and $2 to sell the unit, which of the following decisions is the most
likely to be chosen?
a. Accept the order if the sales price is $6 or more.
b. Accept the order if the sales price is $8 or more.
c. Accept the order if the sales price is at least $10.
d. Reject the order.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – B
LO: 2, Bloom: AP, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 3, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
63. Which of the following is not a qualitative issue in a special order pricing decision?
a. Will it generate a positive contribution margin?
b. If the special order generates new business, will the customer purchase again at the
regular price?
c. If the special order uses a lower quality component that is used for regular orders, will it
negatively affect the company’s reputation?
d. All of these answer choices are qualitative issues in a special order pricing decision.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – A
LO: 2, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
64. Which of the following is not a qualitative issue in a special order pricing decision?
a. Will accepting the special order require the hiring of extra workers or payment of
overtime?
b. Will accepting the special order result in the loss of regular customers?
c. Will it generate a positive contribution margin?
d. If the special order generates new business, will the customer purchase again at the
regular price?
Unit 8-2, LO2 – C
LO: 2, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
65. When a customer requests a special order and the supplier has capacity constraints, which of
the following is most likely not an option for the customer?
a. Reject the special order.
b. Reduce the special order.
c. Accept the special order and cut back on normal production.
d. Accept the special order and fill it whenever capacity becomes available.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – B
LO: 2, Bloom: C, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem Solving
and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
66. Which of the following operations would be the most likely to accept a special order based on
seasonality?
a. H&R Block tax service
b. Federal Express
c. An attorney specializing in estate planning
d. A hospital approached by a patient negotiating on the price of kidney stone surgery
Unit 8-2, LO2 – A
LO: 2, Bloom: AP, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 2, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
67. An auto body shop is trying to decide whether or not to purchase a new piece of diagnostic
equipment. Which of the following costs would not be relevant to the decision?
a. The cost of the new equipment
b. The increase in property taxes as a result of purchasing the expensive equipment
c. The book value of the old equipment
d. The cost of training a technician to operate the equipment.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – C
LO: 2, Bloom: AP, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Moderate, Min: 3, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
68. A dance studio is considering a plan to add ballroom dance to its offerings. Which of the
following is a relevant consideration in this decision?
a. Will the studio have to hire an additional instructor?
b. Will another class have to be dropped if ball room dancing is offered?
c. Is there a demand for ballroom dancing?
d. All of these answer choices are relevant considerations in the decision.
Unit 8-2, LO2 – D
LO: 2, Bloom: AP, Unit: 8-2, Difficulty: Difficult, Min: 3, AACSB: Analytic, AICPA FN: Decision Modeling, AICPA PC: Problem
Solving and Decision Making, IMA: Decision Analysis
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Quand je les vis tous étendus morts autour de moi.
On a répandu le bruit que le capitaine Phipps n'était pas allé aussi loin vers
le Nord qu'il l'aurait pu: il est de mon devoir de le défendre sur ce point.
Notre bâtiment était en bon chemin d'atteindre le pôle, lorsque je le
chargeai d'une telle quantité de peaux d'ours et de jambons que c'eût été
folie d'essayer d'aller plus loin; nous n'eussions pas pu naviguer contre le
plus léger vent contraire, et moins encore contre les glaçons qui encombrent
la mer à cette latitude.
Le capitaine a depuis déclaré bien souvent combien il regrettait de ne pas
avoir pris part à cette glorieuse journée, qu'il avait emphatiquement
surnommée la journée des peaux d'ours. Il jalouse ma gloire, et cherche par
tous les moyens à la déprécier. Nous nous sommes souvent querellés à ce
sujet, et aujourd'hui encore nous ne sommes pas dans de très-bons termes.
Il prétend, par exemple, qu'il n'y a pas grand mérite à avoir trompé les ours
en m'affublant de la peau d'un des leurs; et que lui serait allé sans masque
au milieu d'eux, et ne s'en serait pas moins fait passer pour un ours.
Mais c'est là un point trop délicat pour qu'un homme qui a des prétentions à
la bonne éducation se risque à en discuter avec un noble pair d'Angleterre.
CHAPITRE XV
Je vous ai déjà parlé, messieurs, d'un voyage que je fis dans la lune pour
retrouver ma hachette d'argent. J'eus une nouvelle occasion d'y retourner,
mais d'une façon beaucoup plus agréable, et j'y séjournai assez longtemps
pour y faire diverses observations que je vais vous communiquer aussi
exactement que ma mémoire me le permettra.
Un de mes parents éloignés s'était mis dans la tête qu'il devait absolument y
avoir quelque part un peuple égal en grandeur à celui que Gulliver prétend
avoir trouvé dans le royaume de Brobdignag. Il résolut de partir à la
recherche de ce peuple, et me pria de l'accompagner. Pour ma part, j'avais
toujours considéré le récit de Gulliver comme un conte d'enfant, et je ne
croyais pas plus à l'existence de Brobdignag qu'à celle de l'Eldorado; mais
comme cet estimable parent m'avait institué son légataire universel, vous
comprenez que je lui devais des égards. Nous arrivâmes heureusement dans
la mer du Sud, sans rien rencontrer qui mérite d'être rapporté, si ce n'est
cependant quelques hommes et quelques femmes volants qui gambadaient
et dansaient le menuet en l'air.
Lorsque nous découvrîmes une vaste terre ronde et brillante.
Le dix-huitième jour après que nous eûmes dépassé Otahiti, un ouragan
enleva notre bâtiment à près de mille lieues au-dessus de la mer, et nous
maintint dans cette position pendant assez longtemps. Enfin un vent propice
enfla nos voiles et nous emporta avec une rapidité extraordinaire. Nous
voyagions depuis six semaines au-dessus des nuages lorsque nous
découvrîmes une vaste terre, ronde et brillante, semblable à une île
étincelante. Nous entrâmes dans un excellent port, nous abordâmes et
trouvâmes le pays habité. Tout autour de nous, nous voyions des villes, des
arbres, des montagnes, des fleuves, des lacs, si bien que nous nous
croyions revenus sur la terre que nous avions quittée.
CHAPITRE XVII
Il croissait sur cette île, ou plutôt sur ce fromage, une grande quantité de
blé, dont les épis, semblables à des champignons, contenaient des pains
tout cuits et prêts à être mangés. En traversant ce fromage nous
rencontrâmes sept fleuves de lait et deux de vin.
Après un voyage de seize jours, nous atteignîmes le rivage opposé à celui
où nous avions abordé. Nous trouvâmes dans cette partie de l'île des plaines
entières de ce fromage bleu à force de vieillesse, dont les amateurs font si
grand cas. Mais, au lieu d'y rencontrer des vers, on y voyait croître de
magnifiques arbres fruitiers tels que cerisiers, abricotiers, pêchers, et vingt
autres espèces que nous ne connaissons point. Ces arbres, qui sont
extraordinairement grands et gros, abritaient une immense quantité de nids
d'oiseaux.
Nous remarquâmes entre autres un nid d'alcyons, dont la circonférence était
cinq fois grande comme la coupole de Saint-Paul à Londres; il était
artistement construit d'arbres gigantesques, et il contenait ...—attendez, que
je me rappelle bien le chiffre!—il contenait cinq cents œufs dont le plus petit
était au moins aussi gros qu'un muid. Nous ne pûmes pas voir les jeunes qui
étaient dedans, mais nous les entendîmes siffler. Ayant ouvert à grand'peine
un de ces œufs, nous en vîmes sortir un petit oiseau sans plumes, gros
environ comme vingt de nos vautours. A peine avions-nous fait éclore le
jeune oiseau que le vieux alcyon se jeta sur nous, saisit notre capitaine dans
une de ses serres, l'enleva à la hauteur d une bonne lieue, le frappa
violemment avec ses ailes et le laissa tomber dans la mer.
...L'enleva à la hauteur d'une bonne lieue.
Les Hollandais nagent comme des rats d'eau; aussi le capitaine nous eut-il
bientôt rejoints, et nous regagnâmes tous ensemble notre navire. Mais nous
ne retournâmes pas par le même chemin, ce qui nous permit de faire de
nouvelles observations. Dans le gibier que nous tuâmes, il y avait deux
buffles d'une espèce particulière qui ne possédait qu'une seule corne, placée
entre les deux yeux. Nous regrettâmes plus tard de les avoir tués, car nous
apprîmes que les habitants les apprivoisaient et s'en servaient en guise de
cheval de trait ou de selle. On nous assura que la chair en était exquise,
mais absolument inutile à un peuple qui ne vit que de lait et de fromage.
Deux jours avant d'atteindre notre navire, nous vîmes trois individus pendus
par les jambes à de grands arbres. Je demandai quel crime leur avait valu
cette terrible punition, et j'appris qu'ils étaient allés à l'étranger, et qu'à leur
retour ils avaient raconté à leurs amis une foule de mensonges, leur
décrivant des lieux qu'ils n'avaient pas vus, et des aventures qui ne leur
étaient pas arrivées. Je trouvai cette punition bien méritée, car le premier
devoir d'un voyageur, c'est de ne s'écarter jamais de la vérité.
Revenus à bord, nous levâmes l'ancre et nous quittâmes ce singulier pays.
Tous les arbres du rivage, dont quelques-uns énormes et très-élevés,
s'inclinèrent deux fois en nous saluant en mesure. Après quoi ils reprirent
leur première position.
Quand nous eûmes erré trois jours durant, Dieu sait où,—car nous
manquions toujours de boussole,—nous arrivâmes dans une mer qui
semblait toute noire: nous goûtâmes ce que nous prenions pour de l'eau
sale, et nous reconnûmes que c'était de l'excellent vin! Nous eûmes toutes
les peines du monde à empêcher nos matelots de se griser. Mais notre joie
ne fut pas de longue durée, car, quelques heures après, nous nous
trouvâmes entourés de baleines et d'autres poissons non moins
gigantesques: il y en avait un d'une longueur si prodigieuse que même avec
une lunette d'approche nous n'en pûmes voir le bout. Malheureusement
nous n'aperçûmes le monstre qu'au moment où il était tout près de nous: il
avala d'un trait notre bâtiment avec ses mâts dressés et toutes ses voiles
dehors.
Après que nous eûmes passé quelque temps dans sa gueule, il la rouvrit
pour engloutir une énorme masse d'eau: notre navire, soulevé par ce
courant, fut entraîné dans l'estomac du monstre, où nous nous trouvions
comme si nous eussions été à l'ancre pris d'un calme plat. L'air était, il faut
en convenir, chaud et lourd. Nous vîmes dans cet estomac des ancres, des
câbles, des chaloupes, des barques et bon nombre de navires, les uns
chargés, les autres vides, qui avaient subi le même sort que nous. Nous
étions obligés de vivre à la lumière des torches; il n'y avait plus pour nous ni
soleil, ni lune, ni planètes. Ordinairement nous nous trouvions deux fois par
jour à flot et deux fois à sec. Quand la bête buvait nous étions à flot,
lorsqu'elle lâchait l'eau nous étions à sec. D'après les calculs exacts que
nous fîmes, la quantité d'eau qu'elle avalait à chaque gorgée eût suffi à
remplir le lit du lac de Genève, dont la circonférence est de trente milles.
Le second jour de notre captivité dans ce ténébreux royaume, je me
hasardai avec le capitaine et quelques officiers à faire une petite excursion
au moment de la marée basse, comme nous disions. Nous nous étions
munis de torches, et nous rencontrâmes successivement près de dix mille
hommes de toutes nations qui se trouvaient dans la même position que
nous. Ils s'apprêtaient à délibérer sur les moyens à employer pour recouvrer
leur liberté. Quelques-uns d'entre eux avaient déjà passé plusieurs années
dans l'estomac du monstre. Mais au moment où le président nous instruisait
de la question qui allait s'agiter, notre diable de poisson eut soif et se mit à
boire: l'eau se précipita avec tant de violence que nous eûmes tout juste le
temps de retourner à nos navires: plusieurs des assistants, moins prompts
que les autres, furent même obligés de se mettre à la nage.
Quand le poisson se fut vidé, nous nous réunîmes de nouveau. On me
choisit pour président: je proposai de réunir bout à bout deux des plus
grands mâts, et, lorsque le monstre ouvrirait la gueule, de les dresser de
façon a l'empêcher de la refermer. Cette motion fut acceptée à l'unanimité,
et cent hommes choisis parmi les plus vigoureux furent chargés de la mettre
à exécution. A peine les deux mâts étaient-ils disposés selon mes
instructions, qu'il se présenta une occasion favorable. Le monstre se prit à
bâiller; nous dressâmes aussitôt nos deux mâts de manière que l'extrémité
inférieure se trouvait plantée dans sa langue, et que l'autre extrémité
pénétrait dans la voûte de son palais: il lui était dès lors impossible de
rapprocher ses mâchoires.
Dès que nous fûmes à flot, nous armâmes les chaloupes qui nous
remorquèrent et nous ramenèrent dans le monde. Ce fut avec une joie
inexprimable que nous revîmes la lumière du soleil dont nous avions été
privés pendant ces quinze jours de captivité. Lorsque tout le monde fut sorti
de ce vaste estomac, nous formions une flotte de trente-cinq navires de
toutes les nations. Nous laissâmes nos deux mâts plantés dans la gorge du
poisson, pour préserver d'un accident semblable au nôtre ceux qui se
trouveraient entraînés vers ce gouffre.
Une fois délivrés, notre premier désir fut de savoir dans quelle partie du
monde nous étions; il nous fallut longtemps avant de parvenir à une
certitude. Enfin, grâce à mes observations antérieures, je reconnus que
nous nous trouvions dans la mer Caspienne. Comme cette mer est entourée
de tous côtés par la terre et qu'elle ne communique avec aucune autre
nappe d'eau, nous ne pouvions comprendre comment nous y étions arrivés.
Un habitant de l'île de fromage, que j'avais emmené avec moi, nous
expliqua la chose fort raisonnablement. Selon lui, le monstre dans l'estomac
duquel nous avions erré si longtemps s'était rendu dans cette mer par
quelque route souterraine.—Bref, nous y étions et fort contents d'y être;
nous nous dirigeâmes à toutes voiles vers la terre. Je descendis le premier.
A peine avais-je posé le pied sur la terre ferme, que je me vis assailli par un
gros ours.
«Ah! ah! pensai-je, tu arrives bien!»
Je lui pris les pattes de devant dans mes deux mains et les serrai avec tant
de cordialité qu'il se mit à hurler désespérément; mais moi, sans me laisser
toucher par ses lamentations, je le tins dans cette position jusqu'à ce qu'il
mourût de faim. Grâce à cet exploit, j'inspirai un tel respect à tous les ours,
que depuis lors aucun d'eux n'a jamais osé me chercher querelle.
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