Scribd
Upload
5 views

Signals_and_Systems_Unit1_QnA_Final

The document provides a comprehensive overview of signals and systems, covering continuous and discrete time signals, transformations, exponential and sinusoidal signals, impulse and unit step functions, and system properties. It includes definitions, examples, and key distinctions between various concepts such as linearity, time-invariance, stability, and causality. This serves as a foundational guide for understanding the principles of signals and systems.

Uploaded by

chiranjibibehera24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Signals_and_Systems_Unit1_QnA_Final

The document provides a comprehensive overview of signals and systems, covering continuous and discrete time signals, transformations, exponential and sinusoidal signals, impulse and unit step functions, and system properties. It includes definitions, examples, and key distinctions between various concepts such as linearity, time-invariance, stability, and causality. This serves as a foundational guide for understanding the principles of signals and systems.

Uploaded by

chiranjibibehera24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Unit I: Signals and Systems - Short Questions & Answers

1. Continuous and Discrete Time Signals

Q: What is a continuous-time signal?


A: A signal defined at every instant of time, e.g., x(t) = sin(t).
Q: What is a discrete-time signal?
A: A signal defined only at discrete instances, e.g., x[n] = n^2.
Q: Give an example of a continuous-time signal.
A: x(t) = e^{-t}.
Q: Give an example of a discrete-time signal.
A: x[n] = delta[n].
Q: Differentiate between continuous-time and discrete-time signals.
A: CT signals are continuous in time; DT signals are sequences.
Q: Define analog and digital signals.
A: Analog: continuous in amplitude; Digital: discrete in both time and amplitude.
Q: Is every digital signal a discrete-time signal?
A: No, digital signals are discrete in both domains.
Q: Can a signal be both analog and discrete?
A: No, discrete signals are sampled; analog is continuous.
Q: Classify the signal x(t) = cos(3t).
A: Periodic with period 2pi/3.
Q: Explain periodic and aperiodic signals with examples.
A: Periodic: cos(t); Aperiodic: e^{-t}.

2. Transformation of the Independent Variable

Q: Define time-shifting.
A: Shifting a signal along time-axis.
Q: Define time-scaling.
A: Compressing or stretching a signal in time.
Q: Define time-reversal.
A: Flipping the signal about the vertical axis.
Q: Sketch x(t-2) given x(t).
A: Delayed by 2 units.
Q: What is the effect of negative time scaling?
A: Time is reversed and scaled.
Q: What happens to a signal if it is compressed in time?
A: Signal becomes faster.
Q: Explain the effect of shifting a discrete-time signal.
A: Signal moves forward or backward in sequence.
Q: Find the even and odd components of a signal.
A: x_e(t) = (x(t)+x(-t))/2, x_o(t) = (x(t)-x(-t))/2.
Q: How to obtain x(-t) from x(t)?
A: Reflect it horizontally.

3. Exponential and Sinusoidal Signals

Q: Write a general form of exponential signal.


A: x(t) = Ae^{at}.
Q: What is the nature of x(t) = Ae^{at} for a < 0?
A: Decaying exponential.
Q: What is the nature for a > 0?
A: Growing exponential.
Q: Define a sinusoidal signal.
A: x(t) = A sin(omegat + phi).
Q: Give conditions for a sinusoidal signal to be periodic.
A: omega/2pi must be rational.
Q: Is x(t) = e^{jt} periodic?
A: Yes, period is 2pi.
Q: What is the amplitude and frequency of x(t) = 5sin(3t)?
A: Amplitude = 5, Frequency = 3/2pi.
Q: Can an exponential signal be periodic?
A: Only if exponent is imaginary with rational ratio.
Q: Sketch x(t) = e^{-2t}cos(4t).
A: Damped cosine wave.

4. Impulse and Unit Step Functions

Q: Define unit impulse function.


A: delta(t): infinite at t=0, area = 1.
Q: Define unit step function.
A: u(t) = 0 for t<0, 1 for t>=0.
Q: What is the Laplace transform of unit impulse?
A: L{delta(t)} = 1.
Q: What is the integral of impulse function?
A: 1, by definition.
Q: Sketch delta(t) and u(t).
A: See standard plots.
Q: Relation between impulse and step function?
A: delta(t) = d/dt u(t).
Q: Give the discrete version of impulse.
A: delta[n] = 1 at n=0, 0 elsewhere.
Q: Give the discrete version of step function.
A: u[n] = 1 for n >= 0.
Q: Derivative of unit step?
A: Impulse function.

5. Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Systems

Q: What is a system in signals and systems?


A: A process that transforms input signal to output.
Q: Define continuous-time system.
A: Operates on continuous-time signals.
Q: Define discrete-time system.
A: Operates on sequences.
Q: What is a time-invariant system?
A: Behavior does not change over time.
Q: What is a linear system?
A: Follows superposition and homogeneity.
Q: Define a causal system.
A: Output depends only on present or past inputs.
Q: What is a static system?
A: Output depends only on current input.
Q: What is a dynamic system?
A: Depends on past or future inputs.
Q: Differentiate between CT and DT systems.
A: CT uses differential equations, DT uses difference equations.

6. Basic System Properties

Q: Define linearity in a system.


A: Additivity + homogeneity.
Q: Define time-invariance.
A: Same input delay -> same output delay.
Q: What is stability?
A: Bounded input -> bounded output.
Q: Define BIBO stability.
A: Bounded input results in bounded output.
Q: What is causality?
A: Output depends only on past and present inputs.
Q: What is invertibility?
A: Input can be uniquely obtained from output.
Q: What is memoryless system?
A: Depends only on present input.
Q: Define system with memory.
A: Depends on past/future inputs.
Q: Is integration a memoryless system?
A: No, it depends on history.
Q: Differentiate between causal and non-causal system.
A: Causal: past/present; Non-causal: may include future.

You might also like