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Higher Nationals
Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)
INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS
Programme title BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing

Mr. lasitha
Assessor Internal Verifier
Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)
Unit(s)
Research Proposal – Big Data
Assignment title
Mursheed Muzammil
Student’s name
List which assessment criteria Pass Merit Distinction
the Assessor has awarded.

INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST

Do the assessment criteria awarded match
those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N
Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded
justified by the assessor’s comments on the Y/N
student work?
Has the work been assessed
Y/N
accurately?
Is the feedback to the student:
Give details:
Y/N
• Constructive?
• Linked to relevant assessment Y/N
criteria?

• Identifying opportunities for Y/N

improved performance?
Y/N
• Agreeing actions?
Does the assessment decision need
Y/N
amending?

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature (if
Date
required)
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Confirm action completed

Remedial action taken

Give details:

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier
Date
signature
Programme Leader
Date
signature (if required)
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Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID Mursheed Muzammil/ E181516

Unit Title Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)

Assignment Number Assessor

9/7/2024 Date Received 1st
Submission Date
submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:

LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process

Pass, Merit & Distinction

P1 P2 M1 D1
Descripts

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and
grades decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.
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Assignment Feedback
Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student

Action Plan

Summative feedback

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Assessor Date
signature
[email protected] 9/7//2024
Student Date
signature
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Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 16: Computing Research Project
(Pearson Set)
Research Project Proposal
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General Guidelines

1. A Cover page or title page – You should always attach a title page to your assignment. Use
previous page as your cover sheet and make sure all the details are accurately filled.
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and Page Number on each page. This is useful if individual sheets become detached for any
reason.
5. Use word processing application spell check and grammar check function to help editing
your assignment.

Important Points:

1. It is strictly prohibited to use textboxes to add texts in the assignments, except for the
compulsory information. eg: Figures, tables of comparison etc. Adding text boxes in the body
except for the before mentioned compulsory information will result in rejection of your
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you may apply (in writing) for an extension.
7. Failure to achieve at least PASS criteria will result in a REFERRAL grade.
8. Non-submission of work without valid reasons will lead to an automatic REFERRAL. You will
then be asked to complete an alternative assignment.
9. If you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, reference them properly using
HARVARD referencing system to avoid plagiarism. You have to provide both in-text citation
and a reference list.
10. If you are proven to be guilty of plagiarism or any academic misconduct, your grade could be
reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you could be expelled from the course
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Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present
it as my own without attributing the sources in the correct way. I further understand what it means
to copy another’s work.

1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of the Pearson UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in any of the
assignments for this program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspects of my program, will be my
own, and where I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in the correct
way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding
agreement between myself and Pearson UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document is not
attached to the attached.

Student’s Signature: [email protected]

Date:
(Provide E-mail ID) (Provide Submission Date)
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Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number Mursheed Muzammil / E181516

Unit Number and Title Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)

Academic Year

Unit Tutor

Assignment Title Final Research Project Proposal -Big Data

Issue Date

Submission Date 9/7/2024

IV Name & Date

Submission Format:
Research Project Proposal
 The submission is in the form of an individual written report.
 This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size 12.
 You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all
work must be supported with research.
 Reference using the Harvard referencing system.
 Please provide a referencing list using the Harvard referencing system.
 The recommended word limit is minimum 2000 words.

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1. Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process .

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Big Data
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Big data is a term that has become more and more common over the last decade. It was originally
defined as data that is generated in incredibly large volumes, such as internet search queries,
data from weather sensors or information posted on social media. Today big data has also come
to represent large amounts of information generated from multiple sources that cannot be
processed in a conventional way and that cannot be processed by humans without some form of
computational intervention.
Big data can be stored in several ways: Structured, whereby the data is organised into some form
of relational format, unstructured, where data is held as raw, unorganised data prior to turning
into a structured form, or semi-structured where the data will have some key definitions or
structural form but is still held in a format that does not conform to standard data storage
models.

Many systems and organisations now generate massive quantities of big data on a daily basis,
with some of this data being made publicly available to other systems for analysis and processing.
The generation of such large amounts of data has necessitated the development of machine
learning systems that can sift through the data to rapidly identify patterns, to answer questions or
to solve problems. As these new systems continue to be developed and refined, a new discipline
of data science analytics has evolved to help design, build and test these new machine learning
and artificial intelligence systems.

Utilising Big Data requires a range of knowledge and skills across a broad spectrum of areas and
consequently opens opportunities to organisations that were not previously accessible. The
ability to store and process large quantities of data from multiple sources has meant that
organisations and businesses are able to get a larger overall picture of the pattern of global trends
in the data to allow them to make more accurate and up to date decisions. Such data can be used
to identify potential business risks earlier and to make sure that costs are minimised without
compromising on innovation.
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However, the rapid application and use of Big Data has raised several concerns. The storage of
such large amounts of data means that security concerns need to be addressed in case the data is
compromised or altered in such a way to make the interpretation erroneous. In addition, the
ethical issues of the storage of personal data from multiple sources have yet to be addressed, as
well as any sustainability concerns in the energy requirements of large data warehouses and
lakes.

The theme will enable students to explore some of the topics concerned with Big Data from the
standpoint of a prospective computing professional or data scientist. It will provide the
opportunity for students to investigate the applications, benefits and limitations of Big Data while
exploring the responsibilities and solutions to the problems it is being used to solve.
Choosing a research objective/question
Students are to choose their own research topic for this unit. Strong research projects are those
with clear, well focused and defined objectives. A central skill in selecting a research objective is
the ability to select a suitable and focused research objective. One of the best ways to do this is to
put it in the form of a question. Students should be encouraged by tutors to discuss a variety of
topics related to the theme to generate ideas for a good research objective.

The range of topics discussed on Big Data, could cover the following areas:
 Storage models
 Cyber security risks
 Future developments and driving innovation.
 Legal and ethical trade-offs

Project Proposal should cover following areas.

1. Definition of research problem or question. (This can be stated as a research question,
 14

objectives, or hypothesis)
2. Provide a literature review giving the background and conceptualisation of the proposed area
of study. (This would provide existing knowledge and benchmarks by which the data can be
judged)
3. Examine and critically evaluate research methodologies and research processes available.
Select the most suitable methodologies and the process and justify your choice based on
theoretical/philosophical frameworks. Demonstrate understanding of the pitfalls and
limitations of the methods chosen and ethical issues that might arise.
4. Draw points (1–3, above) together into a research proposal by getting agreement with your
tutor.
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Useful links
Useful resources for underlying principles, examples of articles and webinars on the theme:

Resourc
e Type of
Resource Titles Links
Resource
Number

1 Article 6V’s of Big Data https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/5vs-of-big-data/

2 Article Business Ethics and Big Data https://www.ibe.org.uk/resource/business-ethics-and-big-data.html

3 Article What is Big Data Security? Challenges & Solutions https://www.datamation.com/bigdata/big-data-security/

4 Article What is Big Data? https://www.oracle.com/uk/bigdata/what-is-big-data/

5 Magazine Information Sciences https://www.sciencedirect.com/jou rnal/information-sciences
6 Magazine Big Data Research https://www.sciencedirect.com/jou rnal/big-data-research
Big Data & Investment Management:
7 Report https://tinyurl.com/yff4uenz
The Potential to Quantify Traditionally Qualitative factors

8 Webinar Big Data Sources & Analysis Webinar https://tinyurl.com/2p85d7mb

Big Data In 5 Minutes | What Is Big Data?| Introduction To
9 Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =bAyrObl7TYE
Big Data |Big Data Explained

10 Video Challenges of Securing Big Data https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =3xIuIcPzMVs

11 Video The Importance of Data Ethics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =gLHMhCtxEYE
12 Book A Bite-Sized Guide to Visualising Data https://tinyurl.com/38d6thsk
13 Book Business Intelligence Strategy and Big Data Analytics https://www.sciencedirect.com/bo ok/9780128091982/businessintelligence-
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Resourc
e Type of
Resource Titles Links
Resource
Number
strategy-and-big-data-analytics

https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128156094/principles-and-
14 Book Principles and Practice of Big
practice-of-big-data

Systems Simulation and

15 Book https://tinyurl.com/2s3wkehn
Modelling for Cloud Computing and Big Data Applications
Big Data in Construction: Current Applications and Future
16 Journal https://www.mdpi.com/25042289/6/1/18
Opportunities

Big Data with Cloud Computing: Discussions and

17 Journal https://www.sciopen.com/article/pdf/10.26599/BDMA.2021.9020016.pdf
Challenges

18 Journal Mobile Big Data Solutions for a better Future https://tinyurl.com/hpk2zvvw

The social implications, risks, challenges and opportunities https://tinyurl.com/yw593svk
19 Journal
of big data

Policy discussion – Challenges of big data and analytics

20 Journal https://tinyurl.com/kyb3j6x7
driven demand-side management

Explore Big Data Analytics Applications and Opportunities:

21 Journal https://tinyurl.com/597j8nd3
A Review
https://www.oracle.com/cl/a/ocom/ docs/what-is-big-data-ebook-
22 Journal What is Big Data?
4421383.pdf

Towards felicitous decision making: An overview on

23 Journal https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002002551630 4868
challenges and trends of Big Data
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Resourc
e Type of
Resource Titles Links
Resource
Number
Critical analysis of Big Data challenges and analytical
24 Journal https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014829631630488X
methods
25 Journal Big Data Security Issues and Challenges https://tinyurl.com/wabx7zya
26 Journal IoT Big Data Security and Privacy Versus Innovation https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract /document/8643026
27 Journal Big Data Security and Privacy Protection https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icmcs18/25904185

https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/
28 Journal Big data analytics in Cloud computing: an overview
s13677-022-00301-w
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Grading Rubric

Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

P1 Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a

research question or hypothesis, supported by a literature
review.

P2 Examine appropriate research methods and approaches

to primary and secondary research.

M1 Analyse different research approaches and methodology

and make justifications for the choice of methods selected
based on philosophical/theoretical frameworks.

D1 Critically evaluate research methodologies and processes

in application to a computing research project to justify
chosen research methods and analysis
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Research Proposal Form

Student Name Mursheed Muzammil
Student number E181516 Date 8/12/24

Centre Name
Unit Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)
Tutor
Proposed title

Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities

Title or working title of research project (in the form of a question, objective or hypothesis):
Research project objectives (e.g. what is the question you want to answer? What do you want to
learn how to do? What do you want to find out?): Introduction, Objective, Sub Objective(s),
Research Questions and/or Hypothesis

Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project

Reasons for choosing the project (e.g. links to other subjects you are studying, personal interest,
future plans, knowledge/skills you want to improve, why the topic is important): Motivation,
Research gap
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Section Three: Literature sources searched

Use of key literature sources to support your objective, Sub Objective, research question and/or
hypothesis: Can include the Conceptual Framework

Section Four: Activities and timescales

Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g. research, development, analysis of
ideas, writing, data collection, numerical analysis, tutor meetings, production of final outcome,
evaluation, writing the report) and How long this will take:
Milestone Propose completion date

Section Five: Research approach and methodologies

Type of research approach and methodologies you are likely to use, and reasons for your choice:
What your areas of research will cover: Research Onion; Sample Strategy/Method; Sample Size

Comments and agreement from tutor

Comments (optional):

I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for another qualification
and is appropriate.

Agreed Yes ✘ No Name Date

Comments and agreement from project proposal checker (if applicable)

Comments (optional):

I confirm that the project is appropriate.

Agreed Yes ✘ No Name Date

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Research Ethics Approval Form

All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected from human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing
their research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be
returned if incomplete.
Section 1: Basic Details
Project title: Cost-Effective Energy Solutions for Big Data Storage
Student name: Mursheed Muzammil
Student ID number: E181516
Programme: Unit-16 Research project
School: Esoft Metro Campus
Intended research start date: 8/6/24
Intended research end date: 24/8/24
Section 2: Project Summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as part of your project

 Interviews:
 Questionnaires:
 Observations: ✘

 Use of Personal Records: ✘

 Data Analysis: ✘

 Action Research: ✘

 Focus Groups:
 Other (please specify): ...........................................................
Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants?

Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:

Age 12-16 Young People aged 17–18 Adults ✘

How will participants be recruited (identified and approached)?

Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:
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Studies involving questionnaires:

Will participants be given the option of omitting questions they do not wish to answer?

Yes ✘ No
If “NO” please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this.

Studies involving observation:

Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to be observed.

Yes ✘ No
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e. give them a brief explanation of
the study)?

Yes ✘ No
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study? (This could be a brief
summary of your findings in general)

Yes ✘ No

Section 4: Data Storage and Security

Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data
Protection Act (1998)
Yes No
Who will have access to the data and personal information?

During the research:

Where will the data be stored?

Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used?

Yes No ✘
If “YES”, please provide further details:
After the research:

Where will the data be stored?

How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
 23

Will data be kept for use by other researchers?

Yes No ✘
If “YES”, please provide further details:

Section 5: Ethical Issues

Are there any particular features of your proposed work which may raise ethical concerns?
If so, please outline how you will deal with these:

Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and Ethics Policy:
Yes ✘ No
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:
Yes ✘ No
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct and that this is a full description of the ethics issues that may
arise in the course of my research.

Name: Mursheed Muzammil

Date:

Please submit your completed form to: ESOFT Learning Management System (ELMS)
 THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL

THE
RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
Cost-Effective
Energy Solutions
for Big Data
Storage.
Cost-Effective Energy Solutions for Big Data Storage.

By

Mursheed Muzammil
E181516
Research Proposal Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the
COMPUTING RESEARCH PROJECT MODULE OF
PEARSON’S HND IN COMPUTING PROGRAMME
at the
ESOFT METRO CAMPUS

Name of research Tutor: <Tutor’s Name>

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The following research was completed with the help of many people known as well as
unknown to me. I extend my heart-felt gratitude to each and every one of
them. Most importantly, I would like to express a special appreciation to the
following individuals. Specially I would like to thank my parents and my friends for
heartening and supported me to do this Research

i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The following research
was completed with
the help of many
people known as well
as
unknown to me. I
extend my heart-felt
gratitude to each
and every one of
them. Most
 ii

importantly, I would
like to express a
special appreciation
to the following
individuals.
Specially I would like to
thank my parents and
my friends for
heartening and
supported me to
do this Research.
 iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In the age of expanding digital information, there is a critical need for sustainable and
effective data storage techniques. This research project seeks to fulfill this need by examining
affordable energy alternatives for Big Data storage. The exponential growth of Big Data has
presented enterprises with a number of issues, including operational expenses, environmental
impact, and energy consumption. The aim of this project is to investigate novel approaches
and technological advancements that can optimize Big Data storage performance while
reducing its financial and environmental footprint.

The main goals of this study are to identify trends in energy use, appraise current energy
solutions, investigate emerging technologies, evaluate economic impacts, and address
scalability challenges. Through a combination of literature review, data analysis, economic
assessment, and scalability evaluation, the study aims to provide comprehensive insights into
affordable energy solutions specifically designed for Big Data storage environments.
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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.............................................................................................................i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................ii
CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................iii
LIST OF TABLES.....................................................................................................................v
LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................vi
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
1.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................1
1.2. Purpose of research......................................................................................................1
1.3. Significance of the Research.......................................................................................1
1.4. Research objectives.....................................................................................................1
1.5. Research Sub objectives..............................................................................................1
1.6. Research questions......................................................................................................1
1.7. Hypothesis...................................................................................................................1
LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................2
2.1. Literature Review........................................................................................................2
2.2. Conceptual framework................................................................................................2
METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................................3
3.1. Research philosophy....................................................................................................3
3.2. Research approach.......................................................................................................3
3.3. Research strategy.........................................................................................................3
3.4. Research Choice..........................................................................................................3
3.5. Time frame..................................................................................................................3
3.6. Data collection procedures..........................................................................................3
3.6.1. Type of Data.........................................................................................................3
3.6.2. Data Collection Method.......................................................................................3
3.6.3. Data Collection and Analyze Tools.....................................................................3
3.7. Sampling......................................................................................................................3
3.7.1. Sampling Strategy................................................................................................3
3.7.2. Sample Size..........................................................................................................3
3.8. The selection of participants........................................................................................3
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................4
 1

INTRODUCTION

Introduction

There is no hard and fast rule about exactly what size a database needs to be for the data
inside of it to be considered "big." Instead, what typically defines big data is the need for
new techniques and tools to be able to process it. In order to use big data, you need
programs that span multiple physical and/or virtual machines working together in concert to
process all of the data in a reasonable span of time.
Getting programs on multiple machines to work together in an efficient way so that each
program knows which components of the data to process, and then being able to put the
results from all the machines together to make sense of a large pool of data, takes special
programming techniques. Since it is typically much faster for programs to access data stored
locally instead of over a network, the distribution of data across a cluster and how those
machines are networked together are also important considerations when thinking about big
data problems.
This research seeks to uncover feasible solutions for minimizing the energy footprint of
large-scale data storage operations by exploring upcoming technologies such as energy-
efficient hardware designs, enhanced cooling systems, and intelligent data management
algorithms. Furthermore, the study will examine the economic consequences of
implementing these solutions, weighing the trade-offs between initial investment costs and
long-term energy savings.
By conducting a thorough examination of current literature, case studies, and empirical
analysis, this study aims to provide significant insights for organizations looking to optimize
their Big Data storage infrastructure in an ecologically friendly and fiscally sensible
manner. By bridging the gap between theoretical research and real-world application, this
study hopes to contribute to the advancement of cost-effective energy solutions in the field
of Big Data storage, ultimately fostering greater efficiency, scalability, and environmental
responsibility in data management practice.

1.1. Purpose of research

The research on cost-efficient energy solutions for Big Data storage has two main goals:
addressing environmental challenges and improving economic viability. It aims to support
sustainability in the IT sector by reducing the environmental impact of energy-intensive
storage activities. At the same time, it seeks to lower the financial burden caused by high
energy usage, thereby enhancing the economic sustainability of data storage practices.
By exploring innovative technologies and methodologies, the research intends to drive Big
Data storage innovation, creating energy-optimized solutions that align with data growth.
The study aims to support scalability and growth, ensuring the long-term relevance and
effectiveness of cost-effective energy solutions in the future digital environment.
Additionally, the study contributes to existing knowledge and best practices in Big Data
storage. It uses a methodological approach that includes empirical research, literature
 2

review, and analysis of practical case studies. The goal is to provide useful information and
practical recommendations to organizations looking to improve their data storage
infrastructure. The purpose of the study is to bridge the gap between theory and practice,
enabling decision-makers to implement cost-effective energy solutions that positively
impact their data management practices.

1.2. Significance of the Research

2.This research on the

cost-efficient energy
solutions for the Big
Data storage is so
significant
3.because it can help
the organizations
tackle environmental,
economic, and also
technological
4.problems that they
currently grapple with
in the digital age.
 3

Firstly, the while the

world is
5.shifting towards the
sustainability, the
results of this study can
substantially contribute
to the
6.diminishing of the
carbon footprint that
comes with the data
storage operations.
This way,
7.businesses can
follow their own
environmental goals
 4

and regulations.
Additionally, via
8.pinpointing and
adoption of the low-
cost energy
alternatives, the
entities will have an
9.opportunity of
experiencing significant
savings hence an
added benefit of
financial stability
10. and
competitiveness.
11. In addition, the
study bears a great
 5

relevance in the pursuit

of the technological
advancement
12. in the field of
Big Data storage.
Through investigating
the emerging
technologies and
13. methodologies, the
research may expose
new energy-efficient
data storing ways that
will
14. promote the design
of the modern solutions
 6

which will consume less

energy yet will be
15. efficient and also
scalable. This invention
can push the industry
forward, resulting in a
better
16. and greener data
storage techniques
worldwide. The holistic
nature of this research
provides a
17. very
comprehensive
response to the Big
 7

Data storage issues,

considering economic,
18. environmental, and
technological aspects.
Through such critical
research the initiative
quests
19. for the positive
transformation, which
will impact the
organizations, society
and environment
This research on cost-efficient energy solutions for Big Data storage is significant because it
helps organizations tackle environmental, economic, and technological problems in the
digital age. As the world shifts towards sustainability, the results of this study can
substantially reduce the carbon footprint associated with data storage operations. This
enables businesses to meet their environmental goals and comply with regulations.
Additionally, by identifying and adopting low-cost energy alternatives, organizations can
achieve significant savings, leading to enhanced financial stability and competitiveness.
The study also holds great relevance for technological advancement in Big Data storage. By
investigating emerging technologies and methodologies, the research may uncover new
energy-efficient data storage methods that promote the development of modern solutions.
These solutions will consume less energy while remaining efficient and scalable, pushing
the industry forward and resulting in better, greener data storage techniques worldwide.
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The holistic nature of this research provides a comprehensive response to Big Data storage
issues by considering economic, environmental, and technological aspects. Through such
critical research, the initiative aims for positive transformation, benefiting organizations,
society, and the environment

19.1. Research objectives

This research aims to achieve several main objectives:

1. Identify Energy Consumption Patterns in Big Data Storage

o This objective focuses on analyzing historical energy consumption patterns
and trends within Big Data storage infrastructure using past data. Researchers
will study factors such as hardware configurations, data management
practices, and environmental conditions to gain insights into how and when
energy is being used. Recognizing these patterns is crucial for developing
tailored energy-saving strategies.
2. Evaluate Existing Energy Solutions for Big Data Storage
o This objective involves evaluating the effectiveness of current energy-saving
approaches and techniques used in modern Big Data storage environments. By
examining the impact of existing solutions on both energy consumption and
operational performance, researchers will be able to identify the most
successful strategies and determine areas where improvements or further
optimization are needed. (Ryan, E. (2023) Research objectives)

19.2. Research Sub objectives

 Understand Energy Consumption Patterns and Causes

Use historical data to better understand the patterns and causes of energy consumption in
Big Data storage settings. Analyze past energy consumption data to identify trends and
contributing factors such as hardware configurations, data management practices, and
environmental conditions.
 Evaluate Existing Energy-Saving Technologies
Evaluate the efficacy of existing energy-saving technologies and approaches for lowering
energy consumption and enhancing operational performance. Assess current solutions to
determine their effectiveness and identify areas for improvement or further optimization.
 Investigate New Energy-Efficient Technologies
Investigate breakthrough energy-efficient technologies and approaches with the potential to
improve Big Data storage efficiency. Explore new innovations that could lead to more
energy-efficient and scalable data storage solutions.
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19.3. Research questions

19.4. Hypothesis

In the topic “Cost-Effective Energy Solutions for Big Data Storage,” as the need for large
data storage increases, so does the need for cost-effective energy solutions. Several
hypotheses can be proposed to address this challenge:

1. Energy-Efficient Hardware and Advanced Cooling Technologies

o Hypothesis: Using a combination of energy-efficient hardware, such as solid-
state drives and low-power processors, in conjunction with advanced cooling
technologies, could significantly reduce the energy consumption and costs
associated with storing and managing large amounts of data.
o Rationale: Solid-state drives (SSDs) consume less power compared to
traditional hard drives, and low-power processors are designed to perform
efficiently with minimal energy use. Advanced cooling technologies can
further reduce the energy required to maintain optimal operating temperatures
in data storage facilities.
2. Renewable Energy Integration
o Hypothesis: Using renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, to
balance the energy demands of large data storage facilities can minimize
dependency on traditional grid electricity and lower overall operational costs.
o Rationale: Integrating renewable energy sources with energy storage devices
can provide a sustainable and cost-effective power supply. This approach not
only reduces reliance on fossil fuels but also leverages natural resources to
power data storage operations, potentially lowering electricity costs and
environmental impact.
3. Machine Learning for Energy Management
o Hypothesis: Research into machine learning technologies and algorithms may
result in more efficient management and usage of energy storage devices and
systems in the context of large data storage.
o Rationale: Machine learning can optimize energy usage by predicting activity
patterns, scheduling data storage requirements to avoid excessive energy use,
and dynamically distributing data between storage devices to balance the load.
This intelligent management can lead to significant energy savings and
improved operational efficiency.

By testing these hypotheses, the research aims to uncover practical and innovative solutions
to reduce the energy consumption and costs of Big Data storage, thereby supporting both
economic environmental sustainability.LITERATURE REVIEW
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19.5. Literature Review

This literature analysis delves into the present state of research on energy-efficient Big Data
storage systems, highlighting emerging trends, technologies, and industry problems. It
addresses the growing need for data storage brought on by the exponential expansion of
digital information as well as the substantial energy usage involved in operating massive data
centers. In order to lower energy consumption and operating costs, the analysis covers
numerous energy-efficient hardware and cooling technologies, integration of renewable
energy sources, and intelligent data management algorithms that have been suggested or put
into practice.

19.6. Conceptual framework

The conceptual framework outlines the relationship between independent variables (energy-
saving strategies) and the dependent variable (energy consumption and costs in Big Data
storage). Below is a visual representation of this framework.

Independent Variables:

1. Energy-Efficient Hardware
o Use of Solid-State Drives (SSDs)
o Low-Power Processors

2. Advanced Cooling Technologies

o Liquid Cooling Systems
o Free Cooling Techniques

3. Renewable Energy Integration

o Solar Power
o Wind Power
o Energy Storage Devices

4. Machine Learning for Energy Management

o Predictive Energy Usage Models
o Dynamic Data Distribution
o Optimized Scheduling

Dependent Variable:

 Reduced Energy Consumption and Costs

o Lower Operational Costs
o Decreased Carbon Footprint
o Improved Energy Efficiency
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Conceptual Framework Diagram:

METHODOLOGY

19.7. Research philosophy

1. Pragmatism:

 Focus on Practical Solutions:

o Pragmatism emphasizes finding practical solutions to real-world problems. In
this research, the focus is on identifying and implementing energy-saving
strategies that can be effectively applied in Big Data storage environments.
This includes evaluating existing technologies, exploring new innovations, and
assessing economic viability.

 Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches:

o Pragmatism supports the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods to
address research questions. For this study, quantitative data (e.g., energy
consumption metrics, cost analyses) and qualitative insights (e.g., case studies,
expert opinions) will be integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding
of energy solutions.

 Outcome-Oriented:
 12

o The research aims to produce actionable insights and practical

recommendations for organizations. Pragmatism is aligned with this goal as it
focuses on achieving tangible outcomes that can be applied to improve energy
efficiency and reduce costs in Big Data storage.

 Flexibility and Adaptability:

o Pragmatism allows for flexibility in the research design and methodology.
This approach is suitable for exploring various energy-saving technologies and
strategies, adapting methods as needed to address emerging challenges and
opportunities.

Research Methods Under Pragmatism:

 Quantitative Analysis:
o Using historical data to analyze energy consumption patterns and assess the
effectiveness of existing energy-saving technologies.

 Qualitative Analysis:
o Conducting case studies and expert interviews to gain insights into innovative
technologies and practical applications.

 Mixed-Methods Approach:
o Combining both quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a holistic
view of energy solutions and their impact on Big Data storage.

By adopting a pragmatic research philosophy, the study aims to deliver practical, evidence-
based solutions that address the complex challenges of energy consumption and costs in Big
Data storage.

19.8. Research approach

The research approach for investigating cost-effective energy solutions for Big Data storage
involves a mixed-methods approach. This approach integrates both quantitative and
qualitative methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the problem and potential
solutions. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

1. Quantitative Approach:

 Data Analysis:
o Objective: Analyze historical energy consumption data to identify patterns
and trends in Big Data storage.
o Methods: Statistical analysis, energy consumption modeling, and trend
analysis.
 13

o Data Sources: Energy usage records, performance metrics from storage

systems, and cost data.
o Outcome: Quantitative insights into how different variables affect energy
consumption and costs, allowing for the evaluation of current and potential
energy-saving technologies.

 Evaluation of Existing Solutions:

o Objective: Assess the effectiveness of current energy-saving technologies and
approaches.
o Methods: Comparative analysis, performance benchmarking, and cost-
benefit analysis.
o Data Sources: Case studies, industry reports, and performance data from
existing technologies.
o Outcome: Identification of the most effective solutions and areas for
improvement.

2. Qualitative Approach:

 Exploration of Emerging Technologies:

o Objective: Investigate new and innovative energy-efficient technologies and
approaches.
o Methods: Literature review, expert interviews, and technology assessments.
o Data Sources: Academic journals, industry publications, and interviews with
technology experts.
o Outcome: Insights into breakthrough technologies and their potential for
improving energy efficiency in Big Data storage.

 Case Studies:
o Objective: Provide detailed examples of how different organizations have
implemented energy-saving strategies.
o Methods: In-depth case studies, site visits, and interviews with key
stakeholders.
o Data Sources: Organizational reports, interviews, and on-site observations.
o Outcome: Practical examples and lessons learned from real-world
applications of energy solutions.

3. Mixed-Methods Approach:

 Integration of Data:
o Objective: Combine quantitative data with qualitative insights to create a
holistic understanding of energy solutions.
o Methods: Triangulation of data, synthesis of quantitative and qualitative
findings, and integrated analysis.
o Data Sources: A combination of historical data, case studies, expert opinions,
and technology assessments.
o Outcome: A comprehensive framework for evaluating and implementing
cost-effective energy solutions for Big Data storage.
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19.9. Research strategy

20. In order to obtain a thorough grasp of the subject, the research plan for investigating
energy-efficient Big Data storage options will be organized using a multi-phase approach
that combines several approaches. The following crucial stages will be included in the
strategy:
• Goal: o to establish a strong basis by examining previous studies on Big Data storage-
related energy-efficient technologies, cost-cutting tactics, and environmental effects.

• Techniques:

o Gather and examine case studies, industry reports, and academic literature.

o Creation of a conceptual framework: Determine the links between the important factors
(such as energy-efficient hardware, cooling technologies, and renewable energy sources).

• Result:

o A thorough comprehension of the status of knowledge at the moment and the

identification of research needs. creation of a theoretical foundation to direct empirical
study.

20.1. Research Choice

A Mixed-Methods Research Design is the research strategy chosen for this investigation of
affordable energy options for Big Data storage. This option offers a thorough strategy for
comprehending and resolving the research problem by combining quantitative and qualitative
research approaches.

1. Justification for a Comprehensive Analysis of Mixed-Methods Research Design:

Due to the intricacy of energy usage in Big Data storage systems, a comprehensive analysis
that takes into account contextual insights as well as quantitative and qualitative data is
necessary. A more thorough knowledge of the variables at play is possible through a deeper
investigation of the issue made possible by a mixed-methods approach.
Three-way communication

The research can increase the validity and dependability of its findings by cross-validating its
quantitative and qualitative data sets. This combination of data sources strengthens the
argument for the
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20.2. Time frame

 Planning and Initial Setup: 1-2 days

 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework: 2-3 days
 Data Collection: 31-90 days Data Analysis: 3-4 days
 Comparative Evaluation and Validation: 1-4days
 Reporting and Documentation: 2-4 days
 Dissemination and Presentation: 3-4 days

20.3. Sampling

The research on energy-efficient Big Data storage options is heavily reliant on sampling. In
order to obtain pertinent data for analysis, the method comprises choosing a representative
sample of businesses, organizations, and data storage facilities.

1.1.1. Sampling Strategy

Purposive and stratified sample techniques will be combined in the sampling strategy for this
study on affordable energy solutions for Big Data storage. To ensure that the participants
offer insightful feedback pertinent to the study's goals, organizations and industry
professionals with substantial experience in data storage and energy management will be
chosen through the use of purposeful sampling.

Conclusion

The goal of this research is to identify energy-efficient Big Data storage systems that also
consider the environment, economic sustainability, and high energy consumption. The study
looks at cutting-edge technologies and current practices to assist firms optimize their storage
systems in an environmentally responsible and effective manner. The results will direct
useful modifications that will lead to more scalable and environmentally friendly data storage
techniques.
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Author links open overlay panelJin Zhang a et al. (2023) The impact of Big Data on
Research Methods in Information Science, Data and Information Management.
 17

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