Assignment

Microwave Engineering

1. Find the solutions to the electromagnetic field equations within a rectangular waveguide
bounded by x=0, x=a, y=0, and y=b for TM mode when the EM wave is propagating in +ve z-
direction.
2. Given a rectangular waveguide a = 2b = 1cm. Find the dominant mode and range of frequencies
of operation before the next mode starts to operate.
3. What is the group velocity in a waveguide carrying a signal if its cut off frequency get doubled?
4. (i) Standard air filled rectangular waveguides of dimensions a = 2.29 cm and b= 1.02 cm
are designed for radar applications. It is desired that these waveguides operate only in
the dominant TE10 mode but not higher than 90% of the next higher cutoff frequency.
What is the range of the allowable operating frequency?
(ii) Discuss the significance of an evanescent band and propagation band of a wave guide.
5. A rectangular WG with a=5cm, b=2cm cross section filled with dielectric material having
dielectric constant 4 is used to propagate TM11 mode at 10 GHz. Determine
a) Cut-off wavelength (in cm)
b) Phase velocity
c) Group velocity
6. A circular waveguide has a cut off frequency of 9 GHz in dominant mode.
a) Find the inside diameter of the guide if it is air-filled.
b) Determine the inside diameter of the guide if the guide is dielectric filled. The
relative dielectric constant is 4.
7. The TE10 mode is propagated in a rectangular waveguide of dimensions 6×4cms. The distance
between a maxima and minima is found to be 4.55cm. Find the frequency of the wave.
8. Find the field equations of a cylindrical Waveguide.
9. Explain an E plane TEE with the scattering matrix.
10. Find the S-Matrix of H-Plane Tee with neat diagram?
11. In an H-plane T-junction, loads of 40 Ohms and 60 Ohms are connected to arms 1 and 2 are
respectively. Assuming a 10mW of power is fed to the matched port3 and the characteristic
impedance of the line is 50 Ohm, calculate power delivered to arm 1 and 2.
12. Explain the function of a directional coupler with suitable diagram.
13. A directional coupler has coupling factor of 10dB and a directivity of 30dB. If the power in the
isolated port is 40µW, find the power in the input port and also in the through port. What is the
insertion loss of the coupler?
14. The specification of a three port circulator is as given. Insertion loss = 1dB, Isolation = 25dB,
VSWR = 1.4, Characterize the circulator by its S- parameter.
15. Discuss Magic Tee with complete S- matrix.
16. Write the notes on Gunn diode in relation to its –ve resistance property
17. Discuss the principle and operation of precision-vane attenuator. When would you prefer to use
this attenuator?
18. Derive the S-matrix for microwave circulator.
19. Discuss the similarity in operation between Magic Tee and Hybrid ring.
20. Plot the attenuation responses for constant-k, m-derived, and composite filter.
21. Design a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 2MHz and impedance of 75 Ω. Place the
infinite pole at 2.05 MHz.
22. Discuss the k-β diagram of a periodic structure for a waveguide mode.
23. Differentiate constant-k filter section to m-derived sections with attenuation response.
24. Discuss the stability conditions for a general transistor amplifier circuit.
25. A microwave transistor has the S-parameter as follows. S11=0.34<-1700, S21 = 4.3<800, S12
= 0.06<700, and S22 = 0.45<-250. Determine the stability and draw the stability circles if the
device is potentially unstable.
26. Explain the dispersion relation for general periodic structure with Brillouin diagram.
27. Design a composite high-pass filter by the image parameter method with the following
specifications: 𝑅0 = 75Ω, 𝑓𝑐 = 50 𝑀𝐻𝑧, 𝑓∞ = 48 𝑀𝐻𝑧.
28. Define the Power gain, Available power gain and Transducer power gain for a two port network
connected to source and load impedance and show their dependency on ZS and ZL.
29. The S- parameters for the HP HFET-102 GaAs FET at 2 GHz with a bias voltage Vgs = 0 are
given as follows. 𝑍0 = 50 Ω, 𝑆11 = 0.894∠−60.60 , 𝑆21 = 3.122∠123.60 , 𝑆12 =
0.020∠62.40 , 𝑆22 = 0.781∠−27.60 . Determine the stability of this transistor by using the 𝐾 −
∆ test and find the center and radius of stability circles.
30. In relation with the direction coupler define Coupling, Directivity & Isolation. How these
factors affect in the performance of a directional coupler?
31. A reflex klystron operates under V0=500V, Rsh=20 KΩ and fr=8 GHz. L=1mm is the
spacing between repeller and cavity. The tube is oscillating at f r at the peak on n=2 mode.
Assume that the transit time through the gap and through the beam loading effect is
negligible.
(a) Find the value for repeller voltage VR
(b) Find the dc current necessary to give microwave gap voltage of 200V.
(c) Calculate the electronic efficiency.
32. What is velocity modulation in reflex Klystron? Find the expression for transit time.
33. A Reflex Klystron is to be operated at frequency of 10 GHz, with dc beam voltage 300 V, and
bean current 20mA. Calculate maximum RF power delivered to the cavity.
34. A cylindrical magnetron is operated at 5GHz with a = 3 cm, b = 5 cm, N = 16, V0 = 20 kV, B0
= 0.05T. Calculate the cut off voltage and cut off magnetic flux density.
35. Discuss the π-mode of oscillation in Magnetron with suitable diagram. Also derive the cut-off
magnetic field and the frequency of oscillation
36. Write a note on Gunn diode in relation to its –ve resistance property.
37. Explain how a helical TWT achieves amplification. Give the application of TWT.
38. Explain the working principle of multi-cavity magnetron with proper diagram.
39. For a circular waveguide in TM11 mode of propagation with inner radius of 30mm, and the
phase constant being equal to 0.3, then find the wave impedance.
40. What is phase focusing effect in a magnetron?
41. List out the Effects that affects the microwave propagation and explain them in details.
42. What are the different forms of propagations? Which types are suitable for microwave
propagation?
43. What are the ground and plasma effects on microwave propagation?
44. Write the notes on Line of sight propagation.
45. Discuss the microwave absorption in the atmosphere. How can it be reduced through
polarization?
46. With a neat block diagram explain a typical LOS microwave link communication system.
47. What is the atmospheric effect on microwave propagation?
48. Compare microwave power divider and coupler.
49. What is Gunn Effect in a Gunn oscillator?
50. What is the necessity of a matched load after a slotted section?