Volume 10, Issue 4, April – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr1080

Psychological Well-being among Tribal and

Non-Tribal B.Ed. Students
Hena Kalim1; Dr. Jyoti Prasad2
1
Research Scholar; 2Associate Professor
1
Department of Psychology, Ranchi University, Jharkhand, India
2
Department of Psychology, Nirmala College, Ranchi University, Jharkhand, India

Publication Date: 2025/04/23

Abstract: The psychological well-being of an individual is a significant value that pertains to their inherent desirable
qualities. Our ability to cope with psychological issues and live longer, healthier lives are both aided by psychological well-
being. Every day, many college students are dealing with problems related to their psychological health. These days, the
teaching profession is drawing youth due to the respect it enjoys in society and the large number of open positions.
Numerous initiatives implemented by the federal and state governments, either alone or in tandem, to improve the
standard of living for tribal. The study's objective was to evaluate Ranchi B.Ed. students' psychological well-being.
Examining how gender and ethnicity affect psychological well-being was the main goal. 30 tribal and 30 non-tribal
students from Doranda College Ranchi district participated in the study. Data were gathered using a personal data sheet
and the Psychological well-being questionnaire developed by Devendra Singh Sisodia and Pooja Choudhry in 2012.
Psychological well-being was regarded as a dependent variable, whereas gender and ethnicity were the independent
variables. Mean, SD, and t ratio were used to examine the data. Tribal B.Ed. students had higher psychological well-being
than non-tribal students, according to the statistical research. Compared to girl B.Ed. students, the boy B.Ed. students
exhibited better psychological health.

Keywords: Psychological Well-being, Tribal B.Ed. Students.

How to Cite: Hena Kalim; Dr. Jyoti Prasad (2025). Psychological Well-being among Tribal and Non-Tribal B.Ed. Students.
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(4), 1023-1026.
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr1080

I. INTRODUCTION way of life. Tribal people are often less developed than non-
tribal people. However, the Indian constitution has taken
The efficient value of a favorable outcome is how action for tribal people since independence and offers a lot
well-being is understood. Well-being reveals how we feel of benefits and services to help them progress. In order to
about how well our lives are going. A high degree of life increase tribe members' involvement in higher education
happiness, mental health, a feeling of purpose, and the Research on well-being has traditionally focused mostly on
capacity to handle stress are all elements of well-being. One individuals in developing nations. Very little study has been
essential aspect of wellbeing that has a significant impact on done on tribal students, and much less has been done on
our lives in regard to our emotions is psychological well- comparing the psychological well-being of tribal and non-
being. Taking on difficulties and working toward personal tribal B.Ed. students. Concerns regarding the welfare of
development and improvement are common definitions of educators are important since they affect not only the
psychological well-being (Waterman, 1993). educators but also the classroom outcomes. A teacher's
psychological health is important since it enables them to
One important component of mental health is handle difficulties at home and at school.
psychological well-being. It is the incorporation of
resilience together with pleasure, happiness, satisfaction, Since B.Ed. students will soon be teachers, they should
significance, and enjoyment. The idea of psychological be psychologically healthy since teacher happiness and work
well-being is multifaceted; its unique components have been satisfaction have a big impact on how teachers behave and
identified as optimism, self-control, happiness, curiosity, are favorably correlated with student accomplishment and
and the absence of fear, loneliness, and failure (Sinha and the school and classroom environment. This study aims to
Verma 1992). determine whether there are any notable differences in the
well-being of tribal and non-tribal B.Ed. students.
India is home to a vast number of indigenous people.
Many communities remain unaffected by the contemporary

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Volume 10, Issue 4, April – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr1080
Teaching is regarded as one of the most prestigious From an Indian point of view, physical, spiritual, and
occupations in the world. Since ancient times, teachers have psychological well-being is all related. Maitri, Karuna,
occupied the greatest social position in India. These days, Mudita, and Upeksha—which signify relatedness,
teaching is a popular career choice for young people due to compassion, pleasant temperament, and ignorance of
the abundance of open positions and the opportunity to get conflict—are used in the Indian concept of well-being.
respect from others. The Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) is a Well-being, in particular, is the process of nullifying the ego
2 year undergraduate program that prepares students to and connecting the self with the self. Ultimately, it comes to
become teachers. Today, obtaining a B.Ed. degree is the conclusion that identity, freedom, well-being, and
required to work as a teacher. survival are all components of well-being.

 Jharkhand's Tribal Population and Educational System A person's sense of well-being is a result of the
The world's biggest tribal population resides in India. interplay between their psychological resources and the
Seven hundred and five ethnic groups are classified as actions of their circumstances. The goal of well-being is to
scheduled tribes in central India. The term "Adivasis," control factors that promote health and alter a person's
which literally translates to "indigenous people," is lifestyle accordingly. Optimistic psychology literature
frequently used to refer to scheduled tribes. According to the acknowledges that there are two fundamental perspectives
2011 census, there are an estimated 104 million tribal on wellbeing. Eudemonic and hedonistic well-being is the
members, or 8.6% of the total population. The eighth first and second concepts, respectively. The hedonic point of
northeastern states of India, which are said to be part of the view is associated with subjective well-being, whereas the
"central tribal belt" that extends from Rajasthan to West eudemonic perspective is related to psychological well-
Bengal, are home to the greatest concentration of indigenous being.
people.
Ryff's (1989) has given model of psychological
Because of its origin, diverse physiography, and wellbeing which states that there are six elements that affect
climate, Jharkhand is one of the most biodiverse areas in an individual's psychological well-being: self-acceptance,
India. However, the region's indigenous people may also be autonomy, environmental mastery, healthy interpersonal
responsible for its high biodiversity. Jharkhand is home to relation, and life purpose.
thirty-two tribal groups. Tribal people make up a definite
majority in various Jharkhand districts. In the districts of II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Lohardagga and Paschim singhum, the STs make up over
half of the population. However, the tribal population in (Suvera, 2013) Research on 120 non-tribal and 120
Pakur and Ranchi district ranges from 41.8 to 44.6 percent. tribal college-going students from Sabarkantha district
In Jharkhand's rural regions Male literacy rates were 72.86% revealed the psychological health of non-tribal students is
and female literacy rates were 46.62% respectively. Out of better than that of tribal students. Male college-going
India's 36 states and union territories, Jharkhand has the students had higher psychological well-being than female
32nd-highest literacy rate. To assist scheduled tribes (ST) in students.
becoming teachers, the governments of many states have
launched an effort to open several B.Ed. training institutes in (Ryff, 1989) Conducted a study on 321 men and
as many tribal regions as possible. Many Tribal youngsters women and breaking them down into three groups: older,
are enrolling in B.Ed. programs these days in order to middle-age young. The subjects assessed themselves in a
become teachers in the future, Due to their rural and isolated variety of wellbeing-related categories, along with, affect
position, the indigenous community struggles to access balance, depression, self-esteem, locus of control, life
social and healthcare development programs. satisfaction, and spirits,they include, positive interpersonal
connections, self-acceptance, independence, life's purpose,
 Well-being and Psychological Well-being environmental mastery, and personal growth.For the usual
Positive psychology is where the concept of well-being measures of psychological health, there were sex-specific
first emerged. Positive psychology's primary objective is to differences; female respondents reported lower levels of
investigate people's personal development. morale and internal control.

 New Model of Well-being Mukesh C. Rathwa (2014) revealed a study on 120

According to the new well-being paradigm, well-being B.Ed. students, 60 of whom were male and 60 of whom
includes resilience, creativity, health, vitality, and were female. The study's objective was to determine the
fulfillment in addition to the general flourishing and psychological well-being of B.Ed. students. No appreciable
elevation of the environment, society, body, and mind. variation in the psychological well-being of B.Ed. students
Well-being is the harmonious interplay of cognitive and from urban and rural locations, or between boys and girls
emotional processes rather than their triumph. In Indian students, is revealed by the data.
hraseology, it refers to the euphony of Indriyas, Chitta, and
Atma. Pleasure is one component of wellness. Pleasant Michalos (1991) also found no significance gender
feelings based on perception, self-object, mind, and sense difference in their study of 18,000 college students from 39
organ are referred to as sukh. "Preyas" is the hedonic view Different nations. According to Kakkar, S.B. (1992),
on well-being, whereas "Shreyas" is the eudemonic outlook. significant differences were found in financial, aesthetic,

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Volume 10, Issue 4, April – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr1080
and social values between teacher educators and teacher  There will be significant difference between well-being
candidates, but there were not significantly different were of boys and girls.
found in conceptual, political, or religious values.
III. METHODOLOGY
According to Sharon et al. (2015), childhood traumatic
experiences from age’s 17 to 21 tarnish psychological well-  The Study's Design
being taking their toll on the adult life of the individuals and The aim of study is to determine the psychological
can also affect resilience. According to Zheng, H. (2009), well-being of B.Ed. students from both tribal and non-tribal
pre-service teachers' views are the center of change in the back ground. To collect data on psychological well-being,
educational process, and teacher preparation should be the stratified random sample approach is employed. While
focused on helping them create their beliefs. well-being is a dependent variable; gender and ethnicity are
independent factors.
(Avei, 2012) discovered a strong and favorable
correlation between college nursing students' self-esteem  Population and Sample
and subjective well-being. Additionally, based on students' For the present study, 60 B.Ed. students (30 tribal and
assessed income levels and connections, a strong association 30 non-tribals) were selected from Doranda college of
was found between their subjective well-being and self- Ranchi district. The subjects were chosen using the stratified
esteem levels. The self-esteem and subjective well-being random sampling approach.
ratings by gender differed significantly, but there was no
difference in the subjective well-being scores.  Tools for Data Collection
The following tools have been used.
 Objectives-
 Personal description questionnaire – A personal
 To study the relationship between tribal and non-tribal description questionnaire has been used to collect
B.Ed. student’s well-being. information’s related to respondents.
 To examine the gender difference in well-being.  Psychological well-being scale: Psychological well-
 To determine how the well-being of Ranchi B.Ed. being questionnaire developed by Devendra Singh
students differs between boys and girls Sisodia and Pooja Chaudhary (2012). The scale contains
42 items. Each item of this scale has five responses
 Hypothesis (strongly agree, agree undecided, disagree, strongly
disagree).
 The well-being of Ranchi’s tribal and non-tribal B.Ed.
students would differ significantly.

IV. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Table 1 Table shows the mean Difference in Psychological Well-being between Tribe and Non-tribal B.Ed.
Students is Significant.
Group N Mean SD df T-value
Tribal 30 194.70 23.76 58 2.06
Non-tribal 30 182.36 21.79
*At the 0.05 threshold, Significant

Table 1 compares the psychological well-being of tribal B.Ed. students had higher psychological well-being
B.Ed. students who are tribal and those who are not. Table 1 than non-tribal B.Ed. students. Therefore, our first
makes it evident that the mean score of tribal students is hypothesis that the well-being of Ranchi’s tribal and non-
greater (194.7) than that of non-tribal students (182.30). It tribal B.Ed. students would differ significantly was
was discovered that psychological well-being was accepted.
statistically significant at the 0.05 level. It suggests that

Table 2 Table Shows Significance of mean Difference between Girls and Boys of B.Ed. on Psychological Well-being.
Group N Mean SD df T-value
Girls 30 183.80 23.507 58 1.58
Boys 30 193.40 22.60
Not Significant at any Level

Table 2 displays the psychological well-being of girls demonstrates that the psychological well-being of boy B.Ed.
and boys B.Ed. students. Table 2 makes it evident that boys' students was greater than that of girl B.Ed. students.
psychological well-being mean score was somewhat higher Consequently, the 2nd hypothesis, which said that there
(193.4) than girls' psychological well-being (183.8), but this would be a notable difference in the well-being of boys and
difference was not statistically significant at any level. It girls, was disproved. Regarding the comparison of the

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Volume 10, Issue 4, April – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr1080
average well-being ratings of two B.Ed. student groups [6]. Ryff, C. (1989). happiness is everything, or is it ?
(tribal and non-tribal), it can be seen that the tribal group's explorationon the meaning of psychological well-
mean score is greater than the non-tribal groups. While a being. journal of personality and social psychology.,
low score indicates a low level of wellbeing, a high score 57(6), 1069 - 1089.
indicates an excellent degree. At 0.05 thresholds, the [7]. Soumik, H. (2015, December). Level of Wellbeing of
resultant t-value was determined to be significant. It Tribal Population of Churchu Block Hazaribagh
demonstrates how ethnicity significantly affects wellbeing. Jharkhand. Journal Of Humanities And Social
Therefore, our theory that tribal B.Ed. students would be Science, 20(12), 28-35.
less happy than non-tribal students has been disproved. [8]. Suvera, P. (2013). Psychological well-being - A
Tribal B.Ed. students have a better well-being score rather comparative study of tribal and non-tribal college
than non-tribal B.Ed. students, which might be due to students. journal of health and well-being, 4(9),
greater educational attainment, a stronger sense of 1643-1647.
community, or a trend toward urbanization. [9]. Verma, J. J. (1992). social support moderator of the
relationship between a psychological well-being.
In this case, the gender t-ratio was determined to be social and applied issues.
non-significant at all levels. The t-ratio for ethnicity has [10]. Waterman, A. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness:
been shown to be significant at the 0.05 level, indicating that Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaemonia)
gender has no discernible impact on the high or low degree and hedonic enjoyment. journal of Personality and
of well-being of B.Ed. students. This indicates that whereas Social Psychology,, 68, 678-691.
gender does not significantly influence the high or low
psychological well-being of B.Ed. students, ethnicity does
have a substantial impact on both outcomes.

V. CONCLUSION

The health and well-being of youth is a developing

issue that requires practical solutions to support a healthy
lifestyle. Through the college mental health program, the
college counselor can be assigned to the campus for the
purpose of promoting prevention, remedial intervention, and
well-being services.

Overall, the findings suggest that while gender has no

significant impact on psychological well-being, ethnicity
does. Tribal youth' improved psychological well-being may
result from a number of factors, including exposure to media
and education, moving to a city, receiving a higher
education, and fostering stronger bonds with friends, family,
and the community.

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