Scribd
Upload
3 views

Lesson 11 Three Phase Transformer - Part 2

The document discusses three-phase transformers, emphasizing their role in stepping up and down voltages for electric power transmission and distribution. It outlines the advantages of three-phase transformers over single-phase transformers, including cost efficiency and space-saving benefits, while also noting their repair and transport challenges. Additionally, it describes various transformer connections such as Y-Δ, Δ-Y, and open delta (V-V), along with their applications and limitations.

Uploaded by

Kent Bungabong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Lesson 11 Three Phase Transformer - Part 2

The document discusses three-phase transformers, emphasizing their role in stepping up and down voltages for electric power transmission and distribution. It outlines the advantages of three-phase transformers over single-phase transformers, including cost efficiency and space-saving benefits, while also noting their repair and transport challenges. Additionally, it describes various transformer connections such as Y-Δ, Δ-Y, and open delta (V-V), along with their applications and limitations.

Uploaded by

Kent Bungabong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

TRANSFORMERS

Three-Phase Transformers
Three-Phase Transformer

Large-scale generation of electric power is usually


3-phase at generated voltages of 13.2 kV or
somewhat higher. Transmission is generally
accomplished at higher voltages of 69, 115, 138,
230, and 500 kV, for which purpose 3-phase
transformers are necessary to step up the
generated voltage to that of the transmission line.
Next, at load centers, the transmission voltages
are reduced to distribution voltages of 8, 7.62, and
4.16 kV. Further, for most of the consumers, the
distribution voltages are still reduced to utilization
voltages of 440, 400, and 230 volts.
Three-Phase Transformer
Merits of a Three-phase Transformer over a Bank of Three Single-phase Transformers:
One three-phase transformer is preferred over a bank of three single-phase transformers for the
following reasons.
1. It requires a smaller quantity of iron and copper. Hence, its cost is nearly 15% less than a bank
of three single-phase transformers of equal rating.
2. It has a smaller size and can be accommodated in a smaller tank, and hence needs a smaller
quantity of oil for cooling.
3. Because of its smaller size, it occupies less space; moreover, it has less weight. It needs less
number of bushings.
4. It operates at slightly better efficiency and regulation.
Three-Phase Transformer
Disadvantages:
1. It is more difficult and costly to repair three-
phase transformers.
2. It is difficult to transport a single large unit of
three-phase transformer than to transport
three single-phase transformers individually.
Y-Δ Connection
E L E C T R I C A L A P P A R A T U S A N D D E V I C E S

- The main use of this connection is at the substation end of the transmission line, where the
voltage is to be stepped down.
Δ-Y Connection
E L E C T R I C A L A P P A R A T U S A N D D E V I C E S

- This connection is generally employed where it is necessary to step up the voltage, for example, at
the beginning of a high-tension transmission system.
Open Delta or V-V Connection
E L E C T R I C A L A P P A R A T U S A N D D E V I C E S

- If one of the transformers of a Δ − Δ is removed and 3-phase supply is connected to the primaries
as shown in the figure, then three equal 3-phase voltages will be available at the secondary
terminals on no-load. This method of transforming 3- phase power by means of only two
transformers is called the open − Δ or V − V connection.
It is employed:
1. When the three-phase load is too small to warrant
the installation of full three-phase transformer bank.
2. When one of the transformers in a Δ − Δ bank is
disabled, so that service is continued although at
reduced capacity, till the faulty transformer is repaired
or a new one is substituted.
3. When it is anticipated that in future the load
will increase necessitating the closing of open delta.
Open Delta or V-V Connection
E L E C T R I C A L A P P A R A T U S A N D D E V I C E S

- One important point to note is that the total load that can be carried by a V − V bank is not two-
third of the capacity of a Δ − Δ bank but it is only 57.7% of it. That is a reduction of 13.4% (strictly,
13.397%) from its normal rating.
Open Delta or V-V Connection
E L E C T R I C A L A P P A R A T U S A N D D E V I C E S

- It is obvious from above that when one transformer is removed from a Δ − Δ bank.

1. the bank capacity is reduced from 30 kVA to 30 × 0.577 = 17.3 kVA


and not to 20 kVA as might be thought off-hand.
2. only 86.6% of the rated capacity of the two remaining transformers is
available (i.e. 20 × 0.866 = 17.3 kVA). In other words, ratio of operating
capacity to available capacity of an open-Δ is 0.866. This factor of 0.866
is sometimes called the utility factor.
3. each transformer will supply 57.7% of load and not 50% when
operating in V − V. However, it is worth noting that if three transformers
in a Δ − Δ bank are delivering their rated load* and one transformer is
removed, the overload on each of the two remaining transformers is
73.2%
Sample Problems:
1. Three 10:1 single-phase, step down transformers are connected in Y/Δ.
For a primary line to line voltage of 3980 V, find the corresponding line
voltage on the secondary side.
2. Three transformers, connected delta on the primary side and wye on the
secondary side, step the voltage down from 13,200 to 460 volts and
deliver a three-phase 750 kVA, 0.8 pf load. Determine the current in the
primary windings.
3. Two identical single phase transformers connected in open delta will
serve a 3-phase motor load of 250 hp, 0.70 pf lagging, 0.9 efficiency.
Solve for the minimum size in kVA of each transformer required to serve
the load without overloading.

You might also like