EXAMEN SEGON TRIMESTRE

​ Review vocabulary
​ Participle clauses
​ Regular Passive
​ Impersonal passive
​ Causative passive
​ Cleft sentences
​ Orange paper
​ Conditionals
​ Inversion
​ Inverted conditionals
​ Formal and informal
REVIEW VOCABULARY

Highbrow (intel·lectual) Lowbrow

Impenetrable (difficult to understand) Transparent (easy to understand)

Sophisticated Primative

Challenging Undemanding

Clazzing (fantastic) Pedestrian

Evocative () Uninspiring

Exquisite (pays attention) Clumsy

Intriguing Dreary

Peerless (the best of the best) Run-of-the-mil

Tongue - in - cheek (difficult to believe) Earnest

Adjectives:

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Absorbing Cliched (no original, froçat)

Engrossing Excruciating (painfull, need to cry)

Gripping Implausible (difficult to believe)

Riverling Overhyped (difficult to believe)

Compulsive viewing Sentimental (cry)

Compulsive reading Slushy (too romantic)

Compelling Corny (too romantic)

Intriguing Cheesy (too romantic)

Mysterious Drippy (boring)

Memorable Tedious (boring)

Exhilarating Unconvincing (you don’t believe)

Mesmerizing Predictable

Impressive Lugubrious (tenebrós)

Outstanding Gloomy (tenebrós)

Inspiring Macabre (cruel)

 Enlightening Cruel (cruel)

Moving (sad, but ends in a good way) Wry humor (laugh when is not a laughing
thing)

Lightweight (easy to understanding) Poignant chronicle (something really bad)

Enigmatic (really good) Hackneyed (same story, repetitive)

Understated (critics less than expected) Far-fetched (same story, repetitive)

Harrowing (really sad)

Impenetrable (difficult to understand)

Disjoined (not connect the story)

Overrated (sobre valorat)

PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

→ Active: the subject does the action

●​ use:
○​ -ing + time,before,after + ing
○​ having + PP
●​ Example:
○​ Tom finished his homework and then he left
○​ After finishing his homework, Tom left
○​ Having finished his homework, Tom left
→ Passive: the subject receives the action
●​ use:
○​ PP
●​ Example:
○​ If you see that hause from a distance looks haunted
○​ Seen from a distance, the house looks haunted

REGULAR PASSIVE
→ A positive sentences if there is → TO BE / PP

Present Simple is/are PP By + person

Past simple was/were PP By + person

Present Continuous is/are being PP By + person

Past Continuous was/were being PP By + person

Present perfect continuous - By + person

Past perfect continuous - By + person

Present perfect have/has been PP By + person

Past perfect has been PP By + person

Future simple will be PP By + person

Future Perfect will have been PP By + person

Future continuous - By + person

Future perfect continuous - By + person

Modals modal be PP By + person

IMPERSONAL PASSIVE

CAUSATIVE PASSIVE
CLEFT SENTENCES

1.

EXAMPLE:
→ “Tom took sally to the party on Saturday”
●​ It was Tom who took Sally to the party on Saturday
●​ It was Sally that Tom took to the party on Saturday
●​ It was to the party who Tom took Sally on Saturday
●​ It was Saturday that Tom took Sally to the party

2.

EXAMPLE:
→ “They broke the window”
●​ What they did was break the window
→ “They are really rude”
●​ What they are is really rude

3.
ORANGE PAPER
First term:

Sinomys:
●​ Not to mention → let alone
●​ Can't figure it out → (to be) at a loss to + inf
●​ Just because → out of sheer + pleasure / buredone
●​ Lucking → It was just as well + subject + past simple

Second term:

●​ Luckily → might → It might just as well + Have + PP / + Past simple

●​ I am not sure → on → on suspicion of -ing
●​ I agree but … → may → be that as it may …
●​ Entrarà en vigor → laws → laws take effect
●​ When someone fires you → be made → be made redundant
●​ Consider → enough → give enough thought
●​ Without expecting → come → come out of the blue
●​ I have no idea → there → there is no + knowing / + saying
●​ How is this gonna help you → aid → what is “something” in aid of
●​ Don’t worry, stop trying → try → try as you might
●​ The responsibility is on you → the onus is on you to + inf
●​ Determine to pass → set → set my mind / heart on doing something
●​ I was terrified → much → much to my horror/ surprise…
●​ Regardless “independentement” → however → however badly behavior + bad his
behavior
●​ Undeniable → It is a forgone conclusion
●​ No way → much → very much doubt
●​ I have no idea (what will happen?) → no idea whatsoever
●​ Assume something → take something as read
●​ They told me this → attention → It has been / was brought to my attention

FORMAL AND INFORMAL

 INFORMAL FORMAL

Obtain Acquire

Try Attrie

Clothes Attempts

Typical Characteristic

Carry out Accomplish

Behaviour Conduct

Made up off Consist on

Friendly Cordial

Right Correct

Get in accepted

IGive Deliver

Last Endure

Swap Exchange

Wrong Improper

Unsuitable Inappropriate

Look into Investigate

Keep Maintain

Talks Negotiation

Time Occasion

Skip Omit

Mainly Primary

Deal with Threat

Lately Recently

Cause Reason

CONDITIONALS

●​ The Zero Conditional:

○​ (if + present simple, ... present simple)
 ■​ If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.​

●​ The First Conditional:

○​ (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)
■​ If it rains tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema.​

●​ The Second Conditional:

○​ (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)
■​ If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
●​ The Third Conditional
○​ (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle)
■​ If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.​

INVERTED CONDITIONALS

Conditional:

●​ 0 → facts = if + present simple + present simple

●​ 1st → likely = if + present simple + future simple
●​ 2nd → un likely = if + past simple + could + infinitive
●​ 3rd → wish / regret past = if + past perfect + would + have + past participle
○​ but for + subject + past perfect + would + have + past participle
●​ mixed:
○​ A → past action and present consequence = if + past perfect + would + inf
○​ B → present state and past consequence = past simple + would + have +
past participle

Inverted conditional:

●​ 1st →
○​ Positive: should + subject + infinitive
○​ Negative: should + subject + not + infinitive

●​ 2nd
○​ Positive: were + subject + to + infinitive
○​ Positive: were + subject + to be
○​ Negative: were + subject + not + to + infinitive
○​ Negative: were + subject + not + to be

●​ 3rd
○​ Positive: had + subject + past participle
○​ Negative: had + subject + not + past participle

INVERSION
 AUXILIAR VERB

did infinitive

do infinitive

modal infinitive

have past participle

(was/were) (is/are/am) ing

had past participle

EXCEPTION: (estructura canvia)

-​ Not + until / before + situation → Not until I finished my exam did the earthquake
began
-​ Only + situation → Only when Tom got home did he realize the door was open

This words go alone and they are negative:

-​ Little → Little did he know about the accident

-​ Never
-​ Rarely
-​ Barely
-​ At not time
-​ Under no circumstances → Under no circumstances should kids be left alone in the
airpod

-​ Seldom
-​ In no way
-​ Nowhere
-​ At no point
-​ Such
-​ On no account

Others words:
-​ Sacarely → before than / when
-​ No sooner → has + subject + past participle → than/ when
-​ Hardly → when / before
-​ Not only → (but) also