EXAMEN T3

​Formal vs Informal
​Inversion
​Orange paper
​Inverted conditionals
​Phrasal verbs
​Passive
​Impersonal passive
​Article expressions
​Reporting verbs
​Participle clauses
FORMAL VS INFORMAL

INFORMAL FORMAL

Obtain Acquire

Try Attrie

Clothes Attempts

Typical Characteristic

Carry out Accomplish

Behaviour Conduct

Made up off Consist on

Friendly Cordial

Right Correct

Get in accepted

IGive Deliver

Last Endure

Swap Exchange

Wrong Improper

Unsuitable Inappropriate

Look into Investigate

Keep Maintain

Talks Negotiation

Time Occasion

Skip Omit

Mainly Primary

Deal with Threat

Lately Recently

Cause Reason
INVERSION

AUXILIAR VERB

did infinitive

do infinitive

modal infinitive

have past participle

(was/were) (is/are/am) ing

had past participle

EXCEPTION: (estructura canvia)

-​ Not + until / before + situation → Not until I finished my exam did the earthquake
began
-​ Only + situation → Only when Tom got home did he realize the door was open

This words go alone and they are negative:

-​ Little → Little did he know about the accident

-​ Never
-​ Rarely
-​ Barely
-​ At not time
-​ Under no circumstances → Under no circumstances should kids be left alone in the
airpod
-​ Seldom
-​ In no way
-​ Nowhere
-​ At no point
-​ Such
-​ On no account

Others words:
-​ Sacarely → before than / when
-​ No sooner → has + subject + past participle → than/ when
-​ Hardly → when / before
-​ Not only → (but) also
ORANGE PAPER

First term:

Sinomys:
●​ Not to mention → let alone
●​ Can't figure it out → (to be) at a loss to + inf
●​ Just because → out of sheer + pleasure / buredone
●​ Lucking → It was just as well + subject + past simple

Second term:

●​ Luckily → might → It might just as well + Have + PP / + Past simple

●​ I am not sure → on → on suspicion of -ing
●​ I agree but … → may → be that as it may …
●​ Entrarà en vigor → laws → laws take effect
●​ When someone fires you → be made → be made redundant
●​ Consider → enough → give enough thought
●​ Without expecting → come → come out of the blue
●​ I have no idea → there → there is no + knowing / + saying
●​ How is this gonna help you → aid → what is “something” in aid of
●​ Don’t worry, stop trying → try → try as you might
●​ The responsibility is on you → the onus is on you to + inf
●​ Determine to pass → set → set my mind / heart on doing something
●​ I was terrified → much → much to my horror/ surprise…
●​ Regardless “independentement” → however → however badly behavior + bad his
behavior
●​ Undeniable → It is a forgone conclusion
●​ No way → much → very much doubt
●​ I have no idea (what will happen?) → no idea whatsoever
●​ Assume something → take something as read
●​ They told me this → attention → It has been / was brought to my attention

INVERTED CONDITIONALS
Conditional:

●​ 0 → facts = if + present simple + present simple

●​ 1st → likely = if + present simple + future simple
●​ 2nd → un likely = if + past simple + could + infinitive
●​ 3rd → wish / regret past = if + past perfect + would + have + past participle
○​ but for + subject + past perfect + would + have + past participle
●​ mixed:
○​ A → past action and present consequence = if + past perfect + would + inf
○​ B → present state and past consequence = past simple + would + have +
past participle
Inverted conditional:

●​ 1st →
○​ Positive: should + subject + infinitive
○​ Negative: should + subject + not + infinitive

●​ 2nd
○​ Positive: were + subject + to + infinitive
○​ Positive: were + subject + to be
○​ Negative: were + subject + not + to + infinitive
○​ Negative: were + subject + not + to be

●​ 3rd
○​ Positive: had + subject + past participle
○​ Negative: had + subject + not + past participle

PHRASAL VERBS

INFORMAL FORMAL

El que ens posa i hem de canviar (el que hem de posar)

back down retreet

break down malfunction

bring up rise

bump into find unexpectacly

call for request

call off cancel

carry on continue

catch on become popular

cheer up comfort

come across encouner

come into inherit

come round visit

come up with suggest

come up mention
count on rely

cot down on reduce

cut off icelate

cut out stopped

do up fasten

dress up clothe

drop by visit unexpectacly

drop off diposite

drop out avandone

end up eventually be

fall for adore/core

fall out with argue

find out discover

follow out make inquires

get allong with inhave a good relationship

PASSIVE
You need to be + PP

Present Simple is/are + PP

Past Simple was/were + PP

Present Continuous is/are being PP

Past Continuous was/were being PP

Present Perfect Continuous X

Past Perfect Continuous X

Present Perfect have/has been + PP

Past Perfect had + been + PP

Future Simple will + be + PP

 Future Continuous X

Future Present Continuous X

Modals modal + be + PP

Future Perfect will + have been + PP

My brother is painting our house.

-​ My house is being painted by my brother.

They will have built a bridge by 2026

-​ A bridge will have been built by 2026.

Tom found my old key chain in tha basement.

-​ My old keychain was foung in the basement.

My parents should feat the baby before 5pm.

-​ The baby should be feet before 5pm by my parents.
They manufactured the cars in the UK.
-​ Cars were manufactured in the UK.

IMPERSONAL PASSIVE

Example:
●​ They thought (1st verb) that black cats were(2nd verb) a sign of bad luck.
○​ It was claimed that black cats were a sign of bad luck.
○​ Black cats wore claimed to have been a sign of bad luck.

●​ They believed that the president is stealing money.

○​ It is rumoured that the president is stealing money.
○​ The president is romoured to be stealing money.
 ●​ They say that the prisoners escaped last night.
○​ It is said that the prisoners escaped last night.
○​ The prisoners are said to have escaped last night.

●​ They thought that the pyramites were fascinating.

○​ It was considered that the pyramites were fascinating.
○​ The pyramites were considered to have been fascinating.

ARTICLE EXPRESSIONS

Mind your own business

Twiddling ones thumbs
Feel in the ones bones
Out of the blue
Without so much as a by-your-leave
Before I knew were I was
In next to no time
To cap / crown it all
Would you believe it?
To cut a long story short
As luck would have it
Turned out alright in the end
All's well that ends well
I lived to tell the tale
It was just one of these things
It just goes to show
It’s a small world
Famous last words
You leave and learn
REPORTING VERBS

VERB + TO + INF VERB + OBJECT (me,you, her) + TO INF

●​ threaten (amenaçar) ➔​ beg
●​ promise ➔​ forbid
●​ refuse ➔​ remaining
●​ offer ➔​ order
●​ agree ➔​ warn
●​ invite ➔​ persuade
●​ ask ➔​ advice
●​ intent ➔​ command
●​ claim (declarar) ➔​ encourage
●​ decide ➔​ invite
●​ demand ➔​ permit
➔​ explain
➔​ urge (deseo)

VERB + PREP + ING

VERB + ING ★​ apologise for
❖​ deny ★​ boast (fardar) about
❖​ admit ★​ insist on
❖​ recommend ★​ congratulate on (winning)
❖​ propose ★​ speak of
❖​ suggest ★​ succeed in
❖​ regret ★​ complain (queixar-se) about
★​ advice against
★​ object to
★​ confess to
★​ admit to
★​ consist of

VERB + OBJ + PREP + ING

______ = SOMEONE

Examples:
“Don’t forget to buy milk!” said Antonio to Lucia (remind)
Antonio remained her to buy milk.
“You shouldn’t go into the water,” said the coast guard. (advise against)
The coast guard advised against going into the water

PARTICIPLE CLAUSES
→ Active: the subject does the action
●​ use:
○​ -ing + time,before,after + ing
○​ having + PP
●​ Example:
○​ Tom finished his homework and then he left
○​ After finishing his homework, Tom left
○​ Having finished his homework, Tom left

→ Passive: the subject receives the action

●​ use:
○​ PP
●​ Example:
○​ If you see that hause from a distance looks haunted
○​ Seen from a distance, the house looks haunted