COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAYS REVISION

F2 BIOLOGY TERMLY EXAMS TEN QSN PAPERS

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER NO: 01
1. State the functions of the following vacuoles (2mks
i) Sap vacuole ii) Contractile vacuole
2. a) State TWO reasons why in experiments to study photosynthesis, plants are placed near
source of light (2mks
b) Explain how photosynthesis helps to ensure proper balance of components
of air in the atmosphere (2mks
3. The following are photomicrographs of organelles from a living cell

P
Q

a) Identify organelle Q (1mk

b) Which letter represent an organelle that is abundant in the following cells: (2mks
i) Muscle ii) Palisade
c) How is organelle P important to metabolic reactions in organelle Q? (2mks
4. Use the diagram shown below to answer questions that follow

a) Name the specialized cell shown above (1mk

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b) How do the following help the cell in its functions? (2mks
i) Components of part C
ii) Part A being elongated

5. The appearance of a plant cell after being placed in Solution Q is as shown below

a) Solution Q was later found in part 2. Name the process that allowed its entry? (1mk
b) Account for the appearance of the cell (3mks
c) Explain how the cell shown can be made to resume its normal appearance (1mk

6. Identify the functions of a light microscope as shown by the following diagrams (2mks

a) Function

b) Function

7. The following is a cross-section of part of a plant

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Samwel observed that this diagram represents a monocot root. Give a reason why
i) It is a root (1mk
ii) It is from a monocot plant (1mk

8. a) Outile TWO properties of the plasma membrane (2mks

a) Arrange the following from the most complex to the simplest: Organ,
Organism, Cell, Organ system, Organelle, Tissue (1mk
9. Give TWO functions of Hydrochloric acid in the stomach (2mks
10. The experimental set up shown below was left to stand for 1 hour

a) What was the aim of the experiment? (1mk

b) Which two test tubes acted as control experiments? (1mk
c) Account for the results when Iodine test is carried out on test tube D (2mks

11. The following are patterns of lignification of a tissue found in flowering plants

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 a) Identify the patterns labelled A & C (2 mk
b) Give a non-transport function of the tissues shown above? (1mk
c) Give TWO adaptations of the tissues above to their transport function (2mks

12.An experiment was carried out as shown below to study enzymatic reactions. After 30minutes,
Biuret’s test was carried out on contents of each test tube to get results. Fill in the table below
to offer explanation for the results obtained (4mks

Test Tube Result Explanation

C Blue

D Purple

13. Explain the following (4mks

a) The stomach lining is made of protein but is not digested by
protein-digesting enzymes
b) Digestion of starch does not continue in the stomach
c) One easily suffers nose bleeding when climbing mountain
d) A camel can stay for 60 days without drinking water

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14. Give functions of each component of saliva (3mks
15. The following set up was placed in the sunshine for 1 hour to study a physiological process

a) What was the role of oil in the set up? (1mk

b) Account for observation made after 1 hour (2mks

16. Distinguish between Systemic circulation and Pulmonary circulation (2mks

17. How do the following factors increase rate of diffusion? (2mks
a) Larger surface area to volume ratio
b) High temperature
18. Use the structure shown below to answer questions that follow

a) Give the name and function of the structure shown above (2mks
b) How does part G adapt the structure to its function? (1mk

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19. State the importance of the following parts to the functioning of the heart (2mks
a) Interventricular septum
b) Tricuspid valves

20. Give THREE importance of transpiration to plants (3mks

21. The diagram below shows onion cells in a field of view of a light microscope

X400
Using the dark line as diameter of field of view, determine the actual diameter of one cell (4mks
22. Why do the following have a higher energy demand? (2mks
a) Children
b) Males
23. a) Name the following that are required during the process of blood clotting (2mks
i) Mineral Ion
ii) Vitamin
b) State TWO ways in which blood clotting is important to the human body (2mks
24. Use the diagram shown to answer the questions that follow

a) Identify the mode of feeding for the animal with the dentition shown above (1mk
b) Why do such animals with the dentition shown have a shorter alimentary canal? (2mks

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25.Consider the set ups shown below where B and D are results of the experiment A and C
respectively which had been placed in the sunshine for 3 hours

Explain why:
i) The Mouse died in B (2mks
ii) The Mouse was alive in D (2mks

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER NO: 02

1. State the importance of each of the following in living organisms

a) Nutrition (1mk)
b) Excretion (1mk)
2. State two functions of cell sap (2mks)
3. Which organelle would be abundant in: (2mks)
a) Skeletal muscle cell
b) Palisade cell
4. The diagram below shows a specified plant cell

i. Name the cell (1mk)

ii. Name the parts labelled D and E (2mks)
5. State the functions of the following parts of alight microscope. (2mks)
a) Objective lens b) Diaphragm
6. Using a microscope, a student counted 55 cells across a field of view whose diameter was
6000𝜇m. Calculate the average length of cells. Show your working. (2mks)
7(a) Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis (2mks)
b) An experiment was set as shown below

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The set up was left for 30 minutes.
(i) State the expected results (1mk)
(ii) Explain your answer in b(i) above (3mks)
8. State four factors that increase the rate of diffusion (4mks)
9.What is meant by the following terms?
(i) Crenated cell (1mk)
(ii) Flaccid cell (1mk)
10. Distinguish between heterotrophism and autotrophism (2mks)
11. Study the diagram below
T

a) Name the process which takes place in the organelle (1mk)

b) Name the pigment in the structure labelled T and state its function (2mks)
Pigment
Function
c) Name three cells of a leaf where the above structure is found (3mks)
12. State four external factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis (4mks)
13. State three properties of monosaccharide (3mks)
14. Discuss four adaptations of the carnivores to their mode of feeding (4mks)
15
a) What is the importance of mastication during digestion? (1mk)
b) State three roles of saliva during digestion (3mks)

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16. The diagram below shows part of a mammalian circulatory system

a. Name the blood vessels marked Y and Z (2mks)

b. A student took a meal rich in proteins and carbohydrates. It was found that the
glucose level in blood vessel W was lower than blood vessel Y. Explain (1mk)
17.
a) What is active transport? (1mk)
b) Give four roles of active transport (4mks)
18. During a Biology practical lesson, the teacher provided students with the following
apparatus; a porter, a scalpel, specimen bottle, a pair of forceps, sweep net and chloroform.
a) Give four precaution that a biology teacher gave the students before the practical
when collection of specimen began (4mks)
b) What was the function of the following apparatus (4mks)
i. Pooter
ii. Sweep net
iii. Chloroform
iv. A pair of forceps

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19. The following is an illustration of a certain process that occurs in mammals.

a) Name process P (1mk)

b) Name the juice involved in process P (1mk)
c) Give a reason why liver damage leads to impaired digestion of fats (1mk)
d) What would be likely effect on digestion if the small intestine of a human
being is reduced in an operation (1mk)

20. Name two specialized tissue in mammals (2mks)

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 SECTION B: 40 marks
Question 21 is compulsory
Answer question 21 and either question 22 or 23
21.An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction
catalyzed by an enzyme. The results are shown in the table below.
TEMPERATURE (OC) RATE OF REACTION IN MG
OF PRODUCTS PER UNIT
TIME
5 0.2

10 0.5

15 0.8

20 1.1

25 1.5

30 2.1

35 3.0

40 3.7

45 3.4

50 2.8

55 2.1

60 1.1

a. On the grid provided below draw a graph of rate of reaction against temperature. 6mks

(PROVIDE A GRAPH PAPER)

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b. When was the rate of reaction 2.6 mg of product per unit time? 2mks
c. Account for the shape of the graph between
(i) 5oc and 40oc 2mks
(ii) 45oc and 60oc 3mks
d. Other than temperature name two ways in which the rate of reaction between
5oc and 40oc could be increased. 2mks
e.
(i) Name one digestive enzyme in the human body which works best in
acidic condition. 1mk
(ii) How is the acidic condition for the enzyme named in (e) (i) above attained? 2mks

f. The acidic conditions (e) (ii) above are later neutralized.

i.Where does the neutralization take place? (1mk)
ii.Name the substance responsible for neutralization. (1mk)

22. Describe how water moves from the soil to the leaves of a tree (10mks)
23.
i.Explain how the mammalian intestines are adapted to perform their function (5 mks)
ii.Describe how environmental factors increase the rate of transpiration in terrestrial plants (5 mks)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER NO: 03

1. State the function of the following organelles. (2mks)

a. Lysosomes
b. Ribosomes
2. A student observed a row of 16 epidermal cells in a microscopic field that was 8mm in
diameter. Calculate the average length of one cell in micrometres. Show your working.
(3mks)
3. A student drew a 6cm diagram of a plant flower if the actual length of the flower was 12cm.
calculate the magnification of the drawing made by the student. Show your working.
(3mks)
4. State three factors that affect the rate of diffusion. (3mks)
5. An experiment was set-up in a laboratory as shown below.

i. What will happen to visking tubing in M and N after two hours. (2mks)
ii. Explain the observations made in M. (2mks)
iii. What does visking tubing represent in a living organism? (1mk)

6. Distinguish between autotrophism and heterotrophism modes of nutrition. (2mks)

7. State three properties of monosaccharides. (3mks)

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8. The equation below shows formation of a disaccharide.
Glucose + Glucose process p Q + water
i.Name process P. (1mk)
ii.Product Q. (1mk)
iii.Other than product Q named above name other two examples
of disaccharides. (2mks)
9. List four factors which affect enzyme controlled reaction. (4mks)
10.Name two nutrients that are absorbed without being digested by the enzymes in
humans. (2mks)
11. List three types of salivary glands. (3mks)
12. Give two roles of saliva in the process of digestion. (2mks)
13. Differentiate between homodonts and heterodonts. (2mks)
14. The diagram below represents the lower jaw of a mammal.

a. Name the mode of nutrition of the animal whose jaw is shown above. (1mk)
b. Mode of feeding. (1mk)
c. Give a reason for your answer in (b) above. (1mk)
d. Diet of the animal. (1mk)
e. Name the toothless gap labeled K. (1mk)
f. Name the substance that is responsible for hardening of teeth. (1mk)
15. State the roles of the structures found within a tooth:
a. Blood vessels. (1mk)
b. Nerves. (1mk)

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16. List two major types of dental diseases. (2mks)
17. Give two roles played by bile salts in the process of digestion. (2mks)
18. Explain five ways in which the illume is adapted to its functions. (5mks)
19. The following is a dental formula of a certain mammal.
I0/3 C0/1 Pm3/3 m3/3
i.Calculate the total number of teeth of the mammal. (2mks)
ii.Give the likely mode of feeding. (1mk)
iii.Give a reason for your answer in (ii) above. (1mk)
20. Name the disease in humans caused by deficiency the following: (5mks)
i. Vitamin A
ii. Vitamin D
iii. Vitamin C
iv. Iodine
v. Iron
b. State one function of water in the diet. (1mk)
c. State five factors that determine energy requirements in human beings. (5mks)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER NO: 04

1. The scientific name of the cat is Felis catus classify the cat into; (3mks)
i) Kingdom
ii) Genus
iii) Species
2. Define the following branches of biology.
a) Ecology (1mk)
b) Anatomy (1mk)
3. State the functions of each of the following organelles.
a) Centrioles (1mk)
b) Ribosomes (1mk)
4. Name the Kingdom to which each of the following belong.
a) Spirogyra (1mk)
b) Vibrio cholerae (1mk)
c) Maize (1mk)

. The5.diagram
The diagram below represents
below represents a cell organelle.
a cell organelle.

M
a) Identify the organelle. (1mk)
) Identifyb)the organelle.
Name the part labeled M. (1mk)
c) State the function of the part labeled N. (1mk)

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6. The organelle below was observed in a cell using a microscope.

a) Identify the organelle above. (1mk)

b) On the diagram, label the part where protein synthesis occurs. (1mk)

7. A form two students trying to estimate the size of onion epidermal cells observed the
following on the microscope’s field of view.

He counted 20 cells across the diameter of the field of view. Calculate the size of one cell
in micrometers. (3mks)
8. Explain the differences between turgor pressure and wall pressure. (4mks)
9. Distinguish between haemolysis and plasmolysis (4mks)
10. The diagram below shows how food moves along the human oesophagus and intestines
Movement

Position E1 Position E2

a) Identify the process illustrated in the diagram. (1mk)

b) Explain the movement of the food bolus from position E1 to position E2 . (1mk)
c) Name one component of the human diet that assist in the movement in (b) above. (1mk)

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11. Below
11. is the isstructure
Below of ofananorganelle foundorganelle
the structure in a plant.
found in a plant.

i) Namei)the
Name the organelle
organelle (1mk)
ii) State the functions of the organelle named above. (1mk)
iii) Name the part labeled X. (1mk)
12.Suggest two functions of mucus secreted along the walls of the alimentary canal. (2mks)
13.Name three aspects of light that are important during photosynthesis. (3mks)
14. The equation below shows a chemical reaction that takes place in green plants under certain
conditions.
Carbon (IV) oxide + Water glucose + X
Name the;
i) Substance represented by X (1mk)
ii) Process represented by the equation (1mk)
15. a) Define the term symbiosis . (1mk)
b) What are the final products of digestion of fats. (2mks)
16. The diagram below shows a vertical section through amammalian heart.

A
B
E C

D
a) Name the parts labeled A to E (5mks)
b) Give a reason why the wall of chamber C is thicker than chamber D. (2mk)

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17. The figure below represents a transverse section of a young root.

a) Name parts labeled A and B (2mks)

b) State the functions of parts labeled A and B (2mks)

18. List three structural modifications of a leaf which enable plants to reduce water loss. (3mks)
19.The following schematic diagram represents the main stages in the blood clotting process.
Broken platelets release A

Prothrombin B

C
Fibrin
a) Name the Substances A and C. (2mks)
20. State two ways in which the leaf is suited to gaseous exchange. (2mks)
21. Name two structures for gaseous exchange in amphibians (2mks)
22.The progress that occurs in plants is represented by the equation below:
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + Energy.
a) Name the process (1mk)
b) State three economic importance of the named process in (a) above. (3mks)
23. State one role that is played by osmosis in;
i) Plants (1mk)
ii) Animals (1mk)

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24.a) State three structural differences between arteries and veins in mammals . (3mks)
b) Name a disease that causes thickening and hardening of arteries. (1mk)
25 Name the deficiency diseases of each of the following nutrients . (7mks)

i) Vitamin A iii) Vitamin B2 v) Vitamin D vii) Iodine

ii) Vitamin B iv) Vitamin C vi) Calcium

26. Explain how the red blood cells of mammals are adapted for efficient transport of oxygen.
(2mks)
27.a) What is the importance of gaseous exchange in plants. (2mks)
b) Name the three gaseous exchange structures in plants. (3mks)

28. What are the respiratory structures in the following organisms. (5mks)
i. Mammals iii. Fish v. Insects
ii. Amoeba iv. Tadpoles
29. The diagram below represents apart of the rib cage.

W
R
Y

a) Name the bones labeled W,Y and R (3mks)

b) How does the part labeled Z facilitate breathing in? (3mks)
c) State two characteristics of respiratory surfaces. (2mks)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER NO: 05

1. (i) What is respiration? (1mk)

(ii) State any two importance of respiration. (2mks)
2. (a) (i) Name the blood vessel that supplies the cardiac muscles with its requirements. (1mk)
(ii) State the corgenical defect of the above blood vessel resulting from prolonged
large intake of cholesterol in the blood. (1mk)
(b) What is the importance of the thicker muscular wall of the left ventricle of a
mammalian heart? (2mks)
3. (a) (i) Name the respiratory surface in insects. (1mk)
(ii) State any one feature that adapts the structured named in a (i) above to its
functions. (1mk)
(b) Why are the fish gills highly vascularized? (1mk)
4. a) (i) what would happen if a person secreted less A.D.H? (1mk)
(ii) Name the condition described in a(i) above. (1mk)
(b)What is the role of the loop of Henle in homeostasis? (1mk)

5. (a) Name the products of anaerobic respiration in plants. (1mk)

(b) Give any two economic importance of the products named in (a) above. (2mks)
1. The diagram below illustrates part of phloem tissue.
6. The diagram below illustrates part of phloem tissue. X

(a) Name thePage

parts 24
labeled.
of 52 (2mks)
X………………………………………………
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Y………………………………………………
 (a) Name the parts labeled. X & Y (2mks)
(b) State the function of the part labeled Z (1mk)
7. Name the monosaccharides that make up the disaccharides below
(a) Sucrose (1mk) (b) Lactose (1mk) (c) Maltose (1mk)

8. State one use of the following excretory products of plants (2mks)

(i) Latex (ii) Colchicine
9. (a) Define respiratory quotient (1mk)
(b) Given the equation below, calculate the respiratory quotient (RQ) (2mks)

C6H12O6+6O2 6H2O+6CO2+2880kJ
10. State the importance of the following
(i) Reversed stomatal rhythm to desert plants (1mk)
(ii) Closing of stomata on a hot dry sunny day (1mk)
(iii) How does wind affect transpiration rate? (1mk)

11. The diagram below represents the pathway of water from soil into the plant.

i. Name the structures labeled T and S. (2 mk)

ii. State two ways in which the structure labeled R is adapted to its functions. (2mks)

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12. A student added equal amounts of blood to equal volumes of salt of different concentrations.
She observed and counted the red blood cells at the beginning of the experiment and at end of
the experiment. The results were as shown:-

Set up Concentration of salt Beginning After 30 mins

A 0.1mol 500 500
B 0.01mol 500 250
Account for the results in:
(a) Set up A (2mks)
(b) Set up B (2mks)
13. Below is a dental formula of certain organisms. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
I 0/3, C 0/1, PM 3/2, M 3/3
(i) Calculate the total number of teeth in the mouth of the organisms. (2mks)
(ii) Name the organisms. (1mk)
(iii) Identify the mode of nutrition of the organisms. (1mk)
14.(a) Give a reason why glucose does not normally appear in urine even though it is
filtered in mammalian Bowman’s capsule. (2mks)
(b) Which hormones are involved in the salt-water balance in human body? (2mks)
15. a) State two functions of the blood other than transport. (2mks)
(b) Name one defect of the circulatory system in humans. (1mk)
16. (a) State two ways in which human body is naturally protected against harmful
bacteria. (2mks)
(b) State one way in which the composition of blood in the pulmonary artery and that
of pulmonary vein differ. (1mk)
17.Describe the path taken by Carbon (IV) Oxide released from the tissues of a cockroach into the
atmosphere. (2mks)

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18.Form One student set up an experiment shown below to investigate a certain physiological
process. The set up was left for 30 minutes.
Glass rod
Thread

Distilled water
Sucrose solution
Visking Tubing

(a) Name the process under study. (1mk)

(b) State the expected results after 30 minutes. (1mk)
(c) Explain your answer in (b) above. (3mks)

19. Explain why it is important to stain specimen to be observed under a light microscope.
(2mks)
20. What is wilting? (2mks)
21. State the significance of the following steps while testing for disaccharides in
food sample. (2mks)
(a) Addition of dilute hydrochloric acid
(b) Addition of sodium bicarbonate.
22. a) (i) Name the fluid produced by sebaceous gland. (1mk)
(ii) State two function of the fluid named in 5 a) (i) above. (2mks)
b) Explain malpighian layer of the skin is adapted to perform its function. (1mk)
23. Outline three functions of colon. (3mks)
24. Explain four reasons why the study of biology is important (4mks)
25. Define the term physiology (1mk)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER NO: 06
SECTION A
1. (a) Biologically, what is a cell? (1 mk)
b] Define the following term
I. Entomology (1 mk)
II. Genetics (1 mk)
2. State the characteristics of life that is demonstrated when seeds produce heat during
germination (1 mark)
3. State three structural differences between arteries and veins. (3 mks)
4. State two factors that denature enzymes. (2mks)
5. Name two major branches of Biology. (2mks)
6. (a) Name the organelles that perform each of the following functions in a cell.
(i) Synthesis of proteins (1mk)
(ii) Transport cell secretions (1mk)
(iii) Destroy old and worn out organelles or even the entire cell. (1mk)
(iv) Package and transport glycoproteins. (1mk)

(b) Using a light microscope, a student counted 55 cells across a field of view whose diameter
was 6000m. Calculate the average length of the cells. Show your working. (3 marks)
(c) Why is it recommended to keep the stage of the microscope dry. (1 mark)
7. State the functions of the following apparatus.
i.Bait trap (1mk)
ii.Pooter (1mk)
8. In which two structural ways in which organelles chloroplast and mitochondria similar. (2mks)
9. State two functions of centrioles. (2mks)

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10. What is the effect of extreme temperatures on proteins? (2mks)
11. Study the reaction below and answer the questions that follow.

i) State the biological process that takes place represented by A (1mk)

ii) What Biological process is represented by B (1mk)
iii) State the product Y (1mk)
iv) State the bond represented by X (1mk)
12.The diagram below show how food bolus moves along the human oesophagus and the
intestines.

a) Identify the process illustrated above (1mk)

b) Briefly state how the movement of the bolus from position 1 to position 2 is achieved. (2mks)

13.State two reasons why the stomach wall cannot be digested by the
proteolytic enzymes. (2 marks)
14. (a) Define the term balanced diet. (2marks)
(b) State the importance of roughage in a diet. (1mark)
15. State ONE role played by the following substance in digestion.
(i) Hydrochloric acid (2mks)
(ii) Bile salts (2mks)

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16. State the role of the following chemicals in a test for non-reducing sugar.
(i) Hydrochloric acid (1mk)
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate (1mk)
17. (a) Why is blood group AB described as universal recipient? (2mks)
(b) Suggest why blood does not clot in blood vessels of a healthy person. (lmk)
18.State three ways in which the vessels that link arterioles with venules are suited to
carrying out their functions. (3marks)
19. Below are diagrams of specialised cells in mammals

(a) Identify each of the cells J&K (2mks)

(b) Explain how cell specialization has enabled cell K to be effective in its functions (2mks)
20. Some students set-up the experiment shown below to investigate a certain physiological
process in plants. After one hour, they placed cobalt chloride paper on the leaf surface.

a) What process was being investigated? (1mk)

b) State the role of the oil layer in the experiment (1mk)
c) Suggest one precautionary measure that the students were supposed to
observe during the preparation and setting up of the experiment (1mk)
d) Suggest changes observed on the cobalt chloride paper after one hour. (1mk)
21. Explain why water logged soil does not support plant growth. (3mks)

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 Section B
22. The diagram below shows part of plant tissue.

i.Name the cell labelled X and part labelled W. (2mks)

ii.State two adaptations of cell labelled X to its functions. (2mks)
23. The number of stomata on the lower and upper surface of two leaves form plant X and Y
were counted under the field of view of a light microscope. The results were show below.
Number of stomata
Leaf Upper surface Lower surface
X 4 12
Y 20 23

a) Which of the leaves would be expected to have lower rate of transpiration (1mk)
(b) Give a reason for your answer in [a] above (1mk)
24. An experiment was set up as show below.

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(a) A student blew air in and out through point X. Using arrows indicate how air gets in and out
of the set up (2mks)
(b) (i) In which of the tube would lime water turn milky first. (1mk)
ii) Give a reason. (1mk)
25.(a) Name the type of circulatory system found in members of the class insecta (1mk)
(b) Name the blood vessels that transport blood from:
(i) Small intestines to the liver (1mk)
(ii) Lungs to the heart (1mk)

(c) The diagram below shows gaseous exchange in tissues

(i) Name the gas that diffuses

(I) To the body cells (1mk)
(II) From the body cells (1mk)
(ii) Which compound dissociates to release the gas named in (a)(i) above (1mk)
(d) What is tissue fluid? (2mks)
26. Describe the opening of the stomata using the potassium ion theory (10mks)
27. (a) Name the respiratory surface in human beings. (1mk)
b) Describe exhalation mechanism in human being. (9mks)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER NO: 07

SECTION A (40 MARKS)

1. The diagram shown below represents a mammalian heart. Use it to answer the questions
that follow

A
B

D
C

a) State the differences between vessel A and B in terms of the following: (2mks)
Vessel Diameter of Lumen Concentration of Oxygen in the blood

b) i) Name the part labelled C (1mk

ii) How is part C important in the functioning of the heart? (1mk
c) i) Which chamber of the heart is represented by letter D (1mk
ii) Give a reason for your answer in ci) above (1mk
d) Explain why animals with the heart shown above are more active than the rest (2mks

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2. The diagrams shown below were used to study nutrition in a particular animal

Q X Y
P

a) i) Name the mode of nutrition of the animal whose skull is shown above (1mk
ii) Give a reason for your answer in ai) above (1mk
iii) Why do animals with the skull shown above have a longer alimentary canal (2mks

b) State the significance of parts P and Q to the nutrition of the animal whose skull is
represented above (2mks
c) i) Identify the tooth represented by X (1mk
ii) Give a reason for your answer in ci) above (1mk
3. The diagram shown below the same cells in the same field of view of light microscope under
different microscopy conditions

Before After

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a) From the changes observed in the cells after adjustment of the microscope conditions, give TWO
advantages of using a microscope over using a hand lens (2mks
b) i) Determine the number of cells along the diameter of the field of view represented by the white
line in the second diagram (1mk
ii) If the diameter of field of view is 5mm, determine the diameter of one cell in micrometers
(3mks
c) If the actual diameter of a single cell is 0.55micrometers, determine the total magnification used
to observe the cells in the second diagram (2mks

4. The diagram shown below was used by Form One students to investigate a physiological
process and observations made 30 minutes later.

Before After
a) Which physiological process was being investigated? (1mk)
b) Give TWO ways the physiological process mentioned in a) above is beneficial to animals
(2mk
c) Account for the changes observed after the experiment (3mks
d) Explain the observation made if boiled potato was used in the experiment (2mks

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5. The table below shows changes in the heart beat, concentration of oxygen and lactic acid in the
blood during different levels of physical activity of a healthy athlete.
Level of Heartbeat Oxygen Lactic acid
Physical (Beats per Concentration(%) concentration(mol)
activity minute)
Resting 60 100 0
Easy 80 95 0.5
Moderate 100 90 2
Difficult 120 85 4
Very Difficult 140 80 10

a) Account for the change observed in the concentration of lactic acid (3mks
b) Give TWO reasons why the increase in heart beat with increase in physical activity is important
to the body. (2mks
c) State TWO ways the body deals with excess lactic acid accumulated during physical body
exercise (2mks
d) Explain why during intense exercise the athlete will breathe faster (1mk
SECTION B (40 MARKS)
Answer Question 6 which is Compulsory; then Choose either Question 7 or 8
6. The table below shows the rate of product formation for an enzyme over a range of pH values.
pH 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Rate of product formation 34.5 40.5 33.5 15.0 2.50 0.0 0.0 0.0
for enzyme (mg/hr)

a) Plot a graph of rate of product formation against pH for the enzyme (6mks
b) Account for the changes in the rate of product formation at
c) i) pH of 1.0 to 2.0 (2mks
ii) pH of 3.0 to 5.0 (2mks

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d) From the graph, determine the following:
i) Optimum pH for the enzyme (1mk
ii) The rate of product formation at pH of 3.5 (1mk
e) With a reason, name the part of the alimentary canal where the enzyme above is found (2mks
f) Give THREE variables that may increase the maximum rate of product formation of the
enzyme above (3mks
g) i) State TWO factors that may cause irreversible change in structure of enzymes (2mks
ii) State one way of reversing competitive enzyme inhibition (1mk

7. a) Describe how red blood cells are adapted to their functions (8mks
b) Describe how the various environmental factors increase the rate of transpiration
in plants (12mks
8. a) Explain how various physiological mechanisms work to raise temperature back to
normal in mammals on a cold day (10mks
b) Describe how various factors influence energy requirements in human beings. (10mks

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER NO: 08
1. Name the branches of biology that deal with study of
(a) Inheritance and variations (1mk)
(b) Chemical changes inside living organisms (1mk)
(c) The relationship between organisms and their environment (1mk)
(d) Insects (1mk)

2. (a) State two functions of cell membrane (2mk)

(b) Name the cell organelles that would be abundant in
(i) Skeletal muscles (1mk)
(ii) Palisade cells (1mk)
(iii) Fat cells (1mk)
3. Explain the importance of each of the following during the process of digestion in
human beings
(a) Teeth (1mk)
(b) Saliva (2mks)
4. State two ways in which active transports differs from diffusion (2mks)
5. Name two important stages of photosynthesis and state where in the chloroplasts, each
takes places. (4mks)
(b) Explain how the following factors affect the rate of photosynthesis
(i) Concentration of carbon (1v) Oxide (1mk)
(ii) Light intensity (1mk)

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6. The diagram below shows the transverse section of a young stem

(a) What are the functions of the structures labeled A, B, C and D (4mks)
(b) What type of cell are found in the part labeled E and F (1mk
(c) (i) If the shoot from which this section was obtained had been immersed
in red coloured water for one hour, what part on the diagram would be
stained (1mk)
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in c (i) above (1mk)
(d) Is this a monocot or a dicot stem? Give at least three reasons to support
your answer (4mks)
7 The table below shows the percentage composition by volume of inhaled and exhaled air.
Gas Inhaled air (%) Exhaled air(%)
Oxygen 21 16
Carbon(IV) oxide 0.04 4.0
Nitrogen 78 78
(a) By what percentage is
(i) Carbon dioxide concentration in exhaled air higher than inhaled air? 1mk)
(ii) Oxygen concentration in the exhaled air lower than the inhaled air. (1mk)
(b)Explain the difference in the composition of the gases between inhaled and exhaled air. (3mks)

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8 In an investigation, a student extracted three pieces of pawpaw cylinders using a cork borer.
The cylinders were cut back top 50mm length and placed in a beaker containing a solution.
The results after 40 minutes were as shown in the table below.
Feature Result
Average length of cylinders(mm) 56mm
Stiffness of cylinders Stiff

(a) Account for the results in the table above (3mks)

(b) What would be a suitable control set up for the investigation? (2mks)
9 The figure below is a diagram of a cell as seen under the light microscope.

(a) Name three structures that shows this is a plant cell and not an animal cell. (3mks)
b) Name one chemical compound that is only found in the structure labeled A and
state its function. (2mks)
c) Name the fluid in the part labeled B and state its functions. (3mks)
d) What is the main chemical compound found in the structure labeled C? (1mk)
e) Suggest why the structures labeled A would more on one side than the other side. (2mks)

10(a) Name the structural units of lipids. (1mk)

b) State three important functions of lipids in living organisms. (2mks)
c) Other than through enzymatic action, how else can a disaccharide be hydrolyzed
to its constituent monosaccharides. (1mk)

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11.The diagram below represents part of a geasous system in a grasshopper.
P Q

a) Name the structures labeled P and Q (2 mks)

b) State the function of the structure labeled P (1 mk)
c) Describe the path taken by carbon (IV) oxide from the tissues of the insect the
atmosphere (3 mks)
d) How is the structure labeled Q adapted to its functions (2 mks)

12.State five differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (5mks)

13.(a) State four characteristics of gaseous exchange or respiratory surfaces. (4mks)
(b) Describe the mechanism of breathing in a mammal under the following subheadings.(16mks)
14. The diagram below shows part of a longitudinal section of a root: -

(a) Identify cells K and L :- (2 mks)

(b) State two adaptations of Cell K to its functions :- (2 mks)

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15. The diagram below represents a section through a mammalian heart.

a. Label the parts marked A ,B and C. (2 mks)

b. State the structural differences between blood vessels labeled A and B. (3 mks)
c. Explain why chamber C has thicker walls than the chamber labeled D. (2 mks)

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER NO: 09

1. The diagram below represents a transverse.

Section of a young stem.

a) Name the parts labeled A and B (2mks)

b) State functions of the part labeled C, D, E. (3mks)

2. a) Why are people with blood group O universal donors. (2mks)

b) A person with blood group AB requires blood transfusion. Name blood groups of
the donor. (2mks)
3. a) Name the type of circulatory system found in insects (1mk)
b) Name the blood vessel that transports blood from
i. Small intestine to the liver. (1mk)
ii. Lungs to the heart. (1mk)
c) In what form is oxygen transported from the lungs to the body tissues? (1mk)
4. Distinguish between natural and acquired immunity. (2mks)
5. State four functions of blood other than transport. (4mk)
6. Name the antigens that determine human blood groups. (2mks)
7. State structural differences between arteries and veins. (6mks)

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8. Give reasons for carrying out the following procedure when making temporary slides.
(a) Making thin sections. (1mk)
(b) Adding water to the sections. (1mk)
(c) Placing coverslip over the plant section. (1mk)

9. a) Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis. (2mks)

b) The diagram below show a red blood cell that was subjected to certain treatment.

At start At end
Account for the shape of the cell. (2mks)
10. a) Name the material that strengthens xylem vessels. (1mk)
b) Name the tissue that is removed when the bark of the dicotyledonous stem is
ringed (1mk)
11. a) State what happens during light stage of photosynthesis. (4mks)
b). What are the end products light stage. (2mks
12. State 2 factors affecting enzymatic activities. (4mks
13. How does the following affect the rate of diffusion:

(a) Diffusion gradient. (2 mk)

(b) Size of the molecules (2 mk)
(c) Thickness of the membrane. (2 mk)
(d) Temperature (2mks)
(e) Surface area to volume ration. (2mks)

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14. Explain how the following factors determine the daily energy requirements
i. Age (2mks)
ii. Occupation (2mks)
iii. Sex (2mks)

15. Name the appropriate food substances for each of the following enzymes.
i. Ptyalin. (2mks)
ii. Pepsin. (2mks)
b). State the two roles of mucus in the stomach. (2mks)
16. a) State 3 adaption of xylem to its function. (3mks)
b) Describe how 4 environment factors affect the rate of transportation. (8mks)
17.a) State the difference between closed and open circulatory system. (2mk)
b).State two ways in which the heart muscles are adapted to their functions. (2mks)
18. State the role of the following organelles. (6mks)
a. Golgi apparatus

b. Ribosomes

c. Golgi apparatus

d. Lysosomes

e. Mitochondrion

f. Chloroplasts

g. Centrioles

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 FORM TWO COMPREHENSIVE HOLIDAY REVISION
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER NO: 10

1. Name the branch of Biology that deals with the study of the following:
a) Classification of living organisms (1mk)
b) Internal structure of an organism (1mk)
2. Explain why an insect needs to undertake gaseous exchange (2mks)
3. Identify and state the function of each of the following apparatus (4mks)

4. a) Write down the formula for calculating magnification when using a light microscope to
observe specimen (1mk)
b) Sam drew the rear leg of a grasshopper which measured 45mm on the insect. If he used a
magnification of X0.5, calculate the length of the leg drawn in centimeters. (3mks)
5. Use the diagram shown to answer the questions that follow

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a) Name the mode of feeding for the animal whose lower jaw is shown above (1mk)
b) Give TWO reasons for your answer in a) above (2mks)
6. Account for the following observations
a) A mountain climber has more red blood cells than a person of the same size,
age and gender living in low lands (2mks)
b) A baby has higher energy requirement than an adult (2mks)
7. The diagram shown below is of a structure found in cells

a) Label the following parts: Phospholipid layer; a pore (2mks)

b) State TWO properties of the structure above (2mks)
8. a) Define the term ‘active transport’ (1mk)
b) Give TWO ways in which active transport and diffusion are different (2mks)
9. State the economic importance of the following excretory products from plants (3mks)
a) Papain:. b) Quinine: c) Colchicine:
10. The following diagram is a cross section of a dicot plant

a) From which organ of the plant was the cross section above obtained? (1mk)
b) Give a reason for your answer in a) above (1mk)

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11.a) How is large surface area achieved in red blood cells in order to enable them be efficient at
their function. (2mks
b) Give TWO advantages of Carbon (IV) Oxide transportation by the red blood cells (2mks
12. Distinguish between the following terms:
i) Allograft and isografts (2mks
ii) Guttation and Transpiration (2mks

13. a) Explain how the following antibodies defend the body against pathogens
i)Lysins (1mk
ii)Agglutinins (1mk
b) Which other way do White Blood Cells defend the body against pathogens in addition
to use of antibodies? 1mk

14. a) What is the role of proximal convoluted tubule in the kidney? (1mk
b) Give TWO adaptations of proximal convoluted tubule to its function (2mks
15. Name the organelles that form the following: (2mks
i) Ribosomes
ii) Lysosomes:
16. State THREE structural differences between arteries and veins (3mks
17. Study the diagram shown below

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a) State the adaptation of the organelle shown above to its function (1mk
b) Name TWO products from the process that takes place in the organelle shown above
which are useful in the physiological process that occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells (2mks
c) Why do Red Blood Cells lack the organelle shown above? (1mk
18. a) What is an enzyme? (1mk
b) Give THREE factors that increase rate of enzymatic reactions (3mks
19. The table below shows the number of various teeth in the jaws of an animal
Canines Molars Incisors Premolars
Lower Jaw 2 6 4 4
Upper Jaw 2 6 0 4
a) Determine the total number of teeth the animal has (1mk
b) Write down the dental formula of the animal whose teeth are shown on the table above (1mk
c) With a reason, determine the mode of feeding of the animal represented above (2mks

20. a) Label the following parts of the light microscope on the diagram shown below (4mks
Coarse Adjustment Knob; Revolving Nose Piece; Mirror; Objective lens

b) State TWO precautions observed before storage of the light microscope (2mks

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21. Consider the following experimental set up used to investigate a physiological process

a) What was the aim of the experiment? (1mk

b) Account for the change that will take place in the thermometer (2mks
c) Suggest a control for the experiment shown above (1mk

22. Consider the following equation of a chemical equation

1. Consider the following equation of a chemical equation

+
+ Water

If A is glucose and C is Lactose, Name the Following

If A is glucose and C is Lactose, Name the Following
a) Enzyme X (1mk
b) Compound B (1mk

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23. The following diagram shows onions cells captured in a field of view of a light microscope

a) Measure the length of the white line to determine the diameter of the field of
view in millimeters (1mk
b) How many cells are found along the diameter represented by the white line? (1mk
c) Determine the actual diameter of one cell if a magnification of X1000 was used to observe
the cells above (3mks
d) State a weakness of the process above of estimating cell size (1mk

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