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Theme 5-LU2 CH6

The document discusses the evolution of Homo sapiens and the development of early structures from the late Stone Age to the Agricultural Revolution. It highlights key milestones such as the emergence of human settlements, technological advancements, and the construction of megaliths like Gobekli Tepe. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact of agriculture on civilization, innovation, and the beginnings of civil engineering.

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Theme 5-LU2 CH6

The document discusses the evolution of Homo sapiens and the development of early structures from the late Stone Age to the Agricultural Revolution. It highlights key milestones such as the emergence of human settlements, technological advancements, and the construction of megaliths like Gobekli Tepe. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact of agriculture on civilization, innovation, and the beginnings of civil engineering.

Uploaded by

tiinomurevesi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOCIETY AND PRACTICE 1A

SAPR5111
Theme 3: Chapter 6 (Homo sapiens and First structures)
2025 Semester 1 – Week 3, Session 2
by Itumeleng Matlala ([email protected])

IIE MSA is an educational brand of The Independent Institute of Education (Pty) Ltd which is registered with the Department of Higher Education and Training as a
© 2022 IIE MSA private higher education institution under the Higher Education Act, 1997 (reg. no. 2007/HE07/002). Company Registration number: 1987/004754/07.
CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY
Learning Outcome
• L07: Draw a simple Sketch of the timeline of this period highlighting
important milestone.
• L08: Describe where the first farms were developed on earth.
• L09: Identify three engineered agricultural innovations from this period.
First plants to Permian Extinction (465 to 250
MYA)
Human evolution
The impact of hunter gatherers on the
environment

• Set forest and prairies on fire to


get rid of unwanted vegetation
and flush out preys.
• These fires changed plants and
animals habitat in ways that
favoured food resources most
beneficial to human.
The late stone age (40 000 to 10 000 BCE)

• The onset of human mental


development and technology.
• First settlements, languages and
artworks.
• Started to travel to freezing
lands into America.
• Building boats to Australia
Early settlements
• Modern humans arrived in China and South-East Asia 75 000 years ago
and learned how to build rafts or boats,
• 40 000 years ago, when sea levels dropped, they were able to reach
New Guinea and Australia.
• Modern humans in Europe hunted the vast herds of reindeers, horse,
bison and mammoth.
• China>north-eastern China (20 000 yrs> cross icy bridge to north
America> south America (11 000 yrs ago)
• The campsite also evolved
Tools and Technology

• Stone age (40 000 yrs ago)>


bones, ivory and antler to
creates sophisticated designs.
• Bone needles for sewing;
• Oil lambs and ropes
• Improved hunting tools
including fishhocks
Art

• Jewellery-seeds from polished


shells
• First carving occurred 30 000 YA-
sculptured, encraving of animals
or humans from stones , bones
or ivory.
The late stone age
• Human development explodes, possible due climate.
• Due to climate changes, less trees were present. This forced humans
to look for alternative was to survive. Thus, enforcing development of
language which allow them to plan and pass knowledge.
Agricultural revolution (10 000 BCE)

• Developed temporary shelters.


• Some settled in nutritious
environment gathering wild
foods like nuts and seeds of wild
grasses.
• Grass evolved around 10 000
BCE and did not release food.
They started relying on stems
since the seeds were attached
to stem
First farming and the baking of bread

• First bread was baked from


grass mutations.
• Hunters abandoned their
traveling habits and stayed in
larger groups.
• Why?
First Buildings

• The groups grew to 400 and 600


people.
• The buildings also evolved to
accommodated varying
climates.
• Stone>mud>wood>bamboo.
• Therefore different regions
around the globe resulted with
range of buildings designs.
The first big structures-Megaliths

• Megalith
• Temples
• Rectangular shaped boulders
were mined and transported.
• Houses with columns
Gobekli Tepe (10 000 BCE)

• A humanmade hillblock in the


northern Mesopotamia near
where the first wheat was
cultivated, a massive stone
temple was dicorvered at
Gobekli Tepe, modern-day
South-Eastern Turkey. This
temple is still visible today.
• How these pre-civilization
structures were preserved after
generation is still unknown.
The first architectural structures

• Was not only buildings, but also


religion shrines (gods
sculptures).
• Churches and mosques used to
be big structures of town,
• In the 20th century towns are
marked by corporates sky
scrapers.
Villages, farming and innovation
• Settling in one place enhanced innovation, by find a way to exploit
their resources from small areas of land over extended periods.
For example like bring water to village and ways to manage their
human and food waste.
Free time to think up new idea
• Harvesting period allowed the to think of new innovations focusing
on art, religion, crafting and architecture.
• Bigger towns and cities developed, class systems, laws and armies.
• Civilization could not have developed without the concept and
invention of agriculture.
• Religions-wind, fire, floods, birth, sickness and death.
The beginnings of civilization and civil
engineering
• The planning and construction of the village infrastructure marks the
beginning of civil engineering.
References
• Portal-dolmen-Pentre-Ifan-Wales.jpg (1600×1067)
• Narrative and Ancient Architecture – Ancient Art
• 5 Oldest Buildings from Around the World | DOZR
• Magnetic field excursion about 41,000-42,000 years ago
• Cambrian explosion | Evolution, Paleontology & Geology | Britannica
• Human evolution | History, Stages, Timeline, Tree, Chart, & Facts |
Britannica

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