PROJECT TITLE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

STUDENTNAME1 [Reg No: RA2110260400001]

STUDENTNAME2 [Reg No: RA2110260400001]

Under the guidance of

GUIDE NAME
(designation, Department of Computing Technologies)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (AIML)

of

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

VADAPALANI CAMPUS
MAY 2025
SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that 18CSP109L project report titled “PROJECT TITLE”

is the bonafide work of “ STUDENTNAME1 [Reg No:
RA2110260400001] and STUDENTNAME2 [Reg No:
RA2110260400002]”, who carried out the project work under my
supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work
reported herein does not form any other project report or dissertation on
the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier
occasion on this or any other candidate.

GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Name of the Guide Dr. P. Chitra,
Designation Professor
Dept. of CSE (Emerging Technologies) Dept. of CSE (Emerging Technologies)

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I/We express our humble gratitude to Dr.C.V Jayakumar, Dean (FET), SRM
Institute of Science and Technology,Vadapalani Campus for the facilities extended for
the project work and his continued support. We extend our sincere thanks
to Dr. P.Chitra, Professor & Head, Department of CSE(Emerging Technologies),
SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Vadapalani Campus for her invaluable
support. We wish to thank the Project Coordinator, Designation, Department of
CSE(Emerging Technologies), for his / her valuable suggestions and encouragement
throughout the period of the project work.

I/We are extremely grateful to our Project Panel Member, Panel member name,
Designation, Department of CSE(Emerging Technologies), SRM Institute of Science
and Technology, Vadapalani Campus for his / her inputs during the project reviews.
We register our immeasurable thanks to our Faculty Advisor, Name of the FA,
Designation, Department of CSE(Emerging Technologies), SRM Institute of Science
and Technology, Vadapalani Campus for leading and helping us to complete our
course.

Our inexpressible respect and thanks to my guide, Name of your guide,

Designation, Department of CSE(Emerging Technologies), SRM Institute of Science
and Technology, Vadapalani Campus, for providing me an opportunity to pursue my
project under his/her mentorship. He / She provided me the freedom and support to
explore the research topics of my interest.

I/We sincerely thank staff and students of the CSE (Emerging Technologies)
Department, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Vadapalani Campus for their
help during my project work. Finally, we would like to thank my parents, our family
members and our friends for their unconditional love, constant support and
encouragement.

Name of the Student1

Name of the Student2

iv
 ABSTRACT

Abstract must be a single paragraph in times new roman 14pt with a

maximum of 300 words. convey the following information:The purpose

of the project identifying the area of study to which it belongs. The

research problem that motivates the project. The methods used to address

this research problem, documents or evidence analyzed.The conclusions

reached or, if the research is in progress, what the preliminary results of

the investigation suggest, or what the research methods demonstrate. The

significance of the research project.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

ABSTRACT v

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

ABBREVIATIONS x

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Subtitle 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Subtitle2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Subtitle3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 Subtitle1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Subtitle2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN 4

3.1 Subtitle1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2 Subtitle2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1 Sub-sub-title1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.2 Sub-sub-title2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4 METHODOLOGY 6
4.1 Subtitle1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1.1 Sub-sub-title1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1.2 Sub-sub-title2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

vi
5 CODING AND TESTING 7
5.1 Subtitle1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2 Subtitle2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

6 RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS 8

6.1 Subtitle1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.1.1 Sub-sub-title1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.1.2 sub-sub-title2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.2 subtitle2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

7 CONCLUSION 10
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
APPENDIX 1 TITLE OF THE APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CONFERENCE CERTIFICATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
CONFERENCE PAPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
 LIST OF TABLES

6.1 Descriptive Statistics of Crop Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 American Sign Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

ix
 ABBREVIATIONS

ASL American Sign Language

x
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Subtitle 1

Font style for entire report must be times new roman. Chapter number and title
must be capitalized with font size of 16pt bold. Subtitle 1 is 16pt with each word
capitalized with bold. Subsection under a subtitle is 12pt with bold, each letter
capitalized. All the content of the document is 12pt size with 1.5 Spacing. Left
margin 1 inch and right margin 0.5 inch. Use justify option for both left and right
alignment. A paragraph may contain maximum of 12 lines and an empty space to
be left between each paragraph. minimum 8 pages of introduction.

sample text: This includes numerous insights concealed in it. Data analysis aids in
uncovering the concealed useful information from the data generated. This analysis is
used to suggest or support decision making and conclusions [1].

Figure 1.1: American Sign Language

sample text:We have decided to focus on the American Sign Language (ASL)
(Fig.1.1). ASL is a complete, natural language that has similar etymological properties
as communicated in dialects. It is the predominant language of many deaf and
hard-of-hearing persons in North America.

1.2 Subtitle2

All figures must be numbered with corresponding chapter number like Fig 1.1, Fig 1.2
etc for chapter 1 and Fig 2.1, Fig 2.2 etc for chapter 2 and so on.. with figures in center
alignment and the caption to be mentioned below the figure.

sample text: These can be categorized as Quantitative data and Qualitative data[2].
Quantitative data are represented as numerical values that support mathematical
computations with three types of scales termed as nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio
whereas qualitative data are of verbal and narrative forms. Processing the data to
enumerate assorted summaries and derived values to infer useful information is termed
as data analysis [3].

1.3 Subtitle3

Every chapter must start in new page. Page numbers are started from chapter 1 and to
be included till the end of the report. Page numbers can be given at the bottom of the
page with center alignment.

2
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

All references must be cited inside the text with sequential numbers[1] and to be listed in
the same order in references. Two articles can be cited as [4,5] and multiple references
can be cited as [7-10]. Minimum 30 references to be included.

2.1 Subtitle1

Proofs must be included for all publications and plagiarism report to be generated using
turnitin with the help of your guide with similarity index less than or equal to 10 percent.
Total number of pages in the report is minimum 60 excluding coding and screenshots.
Detailed description must be available in all the chapters.

sample text: In 2018, [4] attempted to evaluate the performance of a CNN model
built for image recognition and detection datasets. The model was trained with real-time
data augmentation. Dropout was also used to reduce overfitting on the datasets.

2.2 Subtitle2

minimum 15 pages of literature review. all the papers in the references must be cited
inside the text.

[5] proposed a numerical hand sign recognition method using Deep CNN. They
presented a layer-wise optimized architecture. Batch normalization contributed to faster
training and data overfitting was alleviated by using dropout techniques.
 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

introduction about this chapter. minimum of 10 pages about architecture and design

3.1 Subtitle1

content

3.2 Subtitle2

content

3.2.1 Sub-sub-title1

The output of a convolutional layer is denoted

Σ with following standardized equation:
a j = f ( yn− ∗ k n + bn)
1
(3.1)
n i ij j
iєCj

where ∗ is the convolution operation,a n is the j th output map, yn−1 represents the
j i

input map in the (n − 1) th layer, the convolutional kernel is represented by k ij, bj

represents bias, Cj is used for representing input maps and f is an activation function.

The size of the output of the convolution layer is presented by -

(W − F + 2P )
Output = +1 (3.2)
S
where, W is the size of the image, F is the size of the filter, padding size is given by
P and the stride size by S.
3.2.2 Sub-sub-title2

content

5
 CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

introduction to methodology 1 paragraph. minimum of 10 pages about methodologies

4.1 Subtitle1

content

4.1.1 Sub-sub-title1

content

4.1.2 Sub-sub-title2

content
 CHAPTER 5

CODING AND TESTING

5.1 Subtitle1

content

5.2 Subtitle2

content
 CHAPTER 6

RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

minimum of 8 pages about result s and discussions

6.1 Subtitle1

All tables must be numbered with corresponding chapter number like Table 1.1, Table
1.2 etc for chapter 1 and Table 2.1, Table 2.2 etc for chapter 2 and so on.. with tables in
center alignment and the caption to be mentioned above the Table.

6.1.1 Sub-sub-title1

Table 6.1: Descriptive Statistics of Crop Sensitivity

Measure Value
Mean 0.375
Standard Error 0.027
Median 0.33
Mode 0.5
Standard Deviation 0.181
Sample Variance 0.033
Kurtosis 0.64
Skewness 0.94
Range 0.69
Minimum 0.16
Maximum 0.85

6.1.2 sub-sub-title2

content
6.2 subtitle2

content

9
 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

This project shows that it is possible to bridge the gap of communication with
technology. We have been successful at converting sign language into text.
 REFERENCES

[1] HU, H., WEN, Y., CHUA, T.-S., and LI, X., 2014, “Toward Scalable Systems for
Big Data Analytics:A Technology Tutorial,” IEEE Access, 2, pp. 652–687.

[2] Kabir, S., 2016, Basic Guidelines for Research(An Introductory Approach For All
Disciplines), Book Zone, Chap. Methods Of Data Collection.

[3] Mirkin, B., 2011, Core Concepts in Data Analysis: Summarization, Correlation
and Visualization, 1st ed., Springer-Verlag London.

[4] Chauhan, R., Ghanshala, K. K., and Joshi, R., 2018, “Convolutional neural network
(CNN) for image detection and recognition,” 2018 First International Conference
on Secure Cyber Computing and Communication (ICSCCC), IEEE, pp. 278–282.

[5] Tushar, A., Ashiquzzaman, A., and Islam, M. R., 2017, “Faster convergence and
reduction of overfitting in numerical hand sign recognition using DCNN,” 2017
IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC), pp. 638–641.

11
 APPENDIX 1

TITLE OF THE APPENDIX

The crop dataset used in the proposed method rule based crop recommendation is
collected from various websites and articles relevant to the study region.

12