Mathematics

Vectors & 3D
Geometry
Tarun Khandelwal
Lecture - 01 B-Tech, IIT Delhi (A.I.R. 289)
Topics
Vector Algebra

Linear Combination
Brain Teaser-01 [Ans.B]

Given that 8𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1 and 4𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 𝑐 then the value of [c]max is,

(where [.] denote greatest integer function)

A? 5

B? 6

C? 7

D? 8
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Teaser-02
Teaser [Ans. 5]

1 1
If (𝑎Ԧ × 𝑏) × (𝑏 × 𝑐) Ԧ 𝑎Ԧ ⋅ 𝑐Ԧ = then find the value of 9𝜆2
Ԧ = 𝜆𝑏, 𝑎Ԧ ⋅ 𝑏 = = 𝑏 ⋅ 𝑐,
2 3
(where 𝑎, Ԧ 𝑏, 𝑐Ԧ are unit vectors).
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Teaser-03
Teaser [Ans. A]

Let 𝑎,
Ԧ 𝑏 and 𝑐Ԧ are three-unit vectors in a plane such that they are equally inclined to
each other then the value of (𝑎Ԧ × 𝑏) ⋅ (𝑏 × 𝑐)
Ԧ + (𝑏 × 𝑐)
Ԧ ⋅ (𝑐Ԧ × 𝑎)
Ԧ + (𝑐Ԧ × 𝑎)
Ԧ ⋅ (𝑎Ԧ × 𝑏)
can be
9
A? 4
9
B? −
4
3
C? 4
3
D? −
4
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Teaser-04
Teaser [Ans A, B]

Ԧ 𝑏 and 𝑐Ԧ are three non-zero non-coplanar vectors with fixed magnitudes. Angles
𝑎,
between any of the vector with the normal of the plane containing other two is 𝛼.
Volume of parallelepiped formed is V and its surface area is S. Which of the
following is/are true?
−1
𝑉 |cos 𝛼| 1 1 1
A? 𝑆
=
2 |𝑎|
Ԧ
+ +
|𝑏| |𝑐|
Ԧ

B? 𝑉max = |𝑎||𝑏||
Ԧ 𝑐|
᪄

C? Ԧ 𝑏 and 𝑐Ԧ are equally inclined to each other

𝑎,

D? if angle between 𝑎,
Ԧ 𝑏 is 𝜃, then angle between 𝑐Ԧ and plane of 𝑎Ԧ and 𝑏 is 90∘ − 𝜃
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Teaser-05
Teaser [Ans 2]

⇀
Ԧ 𝛽, 𝛾Ԧ are non-zero, non-coplanar vectors such that 𝛾 ⋅ 𝛽Ԧ = 0 and 𝛼Ԧ + 𝛾Ԧ × 𝛽Ԧ = 𝛼Ԧ × 𝛾.
Let 𝛼, Ԧ Ԧ
𝜋 𝜋
Ԧ
If angle between 𝛼Ԧ and 𝛽 lies in , then arithmetic mean of |𝛾| Ԧ 2max and |𝛾| Ԧ 2min is
6 4
equal to
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Teaser-06
Teaser [Ans 5]

Let 𝑝Ԧ = 𝑖ƶ + 𝐽ƶ + 𝑘ƶ and 𝑞Ԧ = 𝑎𝑖ƶ + 𝑏𝑗ƶ + 𝑐𝑘,

ƶ where a, b, c ∈ {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2} if the
number of possible values of 𝑞Ԧ such that 𝑝. Ԧ 𝑞Ԧ = 0 is R then find R/ 5
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Teaser-07
Teaser [Ans.1]

For a convex quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐶𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 . If angle between

𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 is 𝜃, then number of integral values 5sin 𝜃 can take is ________.
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Teaser-08
Teaser [Ans. c]

Let 𝑥,
ƶ 𝑦ƶ and 𝑧ƶ be unit vectors such that 𝑥ƶ + 𝑦ƶ + 𝑧ƶ = 𝑎,
Ԧ 𝑥ƶ × 𝑦ƶ × 𝑧ƶ = 𝑏,
3 7
𝑥ƶ × 𝑦ƶ × 𝑧ƶ = 𝑐,Ԧ 𝑎.Ԧ 𝑥ƶ = , 𝑎Ԧ ⋅ 𝑦ƶ = and |𝑎|
Ԧ = 2.
2 4
The value of 𝑦. ƶ 𝑧ƶ is equal to
−1
A? 4
3
B? 4
C? 0
1
D? 2
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Teaser-09
Teaser [Ans. b]

Let 𝑥,
ƶ 𝑦ƶ and 𝑧ƶ be unit vectors such that 𝑥ƶ + 𝑦ƶ + 𝑧ƶ = 𝑎,
Ԧ 𝑥ƶ × 𝑦ƶ × 𝑧ƶ = 𝑏,
3 7
𝑥ƶ × 𝑦ƶ × 𝑧ƶ = 𝑐, Ԧ 𝑥ƶ = , 𝑎Ԧ ⋅ 𝑦ƶ = and |𝑎|
Ԧ 𝑎. Ԧ = 2.
2 4
The vector 𝑥ƶ in terms of 𝑎,
Ԧ 𝑏 and 𝑐Ԧ is equal to.
2
A? 3
(3𝑎Ԧ + 4𝑏 + 8𝑐)
Ԧ
1
B? 3
(3𝑎Ԧ + 4𝑏 + 8𝑐)
Ԧ

2
C? 3
(3𝑎Ԧ + 2𝑏 + 4𝑐)
Ԧ

1
D? 3
(3𝑎Ԧ + 2𝑏 + 4𝑐)
Ԧ
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Teaser-10
Teaser [Ans D]

|𝑂𝐴| = 𝓁, |𝑂𝐵| = 𝑚, |𝑂𝐶| = 𝑛. O is origin, 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 lie in the plane 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0 and

|𝐴𝐵|2 + |𝐵𝐶|2 + |𝐶𝐴|2 is maximum
If 𝑂𝐴 = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 and 𝑂𝐵 = −𝑖ƶ + 𝑗ƶ + 𝑘, then position vector of 𝐶 is

A? 3𝑖ƶ − 3𝑗ƶ

B? 2𝑖ƶ + 2𝑗ƶ − 6𝑘ƶ

C? 𝑖ƶ + 𝑗ƶ

D? −𝑖ƶ − 𝑘ƶ
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Teaser-11
Teaser [Ans C]

|𝑂𝐴| = 𝓁, |𝑂𝐵| = 𝑚, |𝑂𝐶| = 𝑛. O is origin, 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 lie in the plane 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0 and

|𝐴𝐵|2 + |𝐵𝐶|2 + |𝐶𝐴|2 is maximum
If 𝓁 = 4 and 𝑚 = 𝑛 = 2 2, then |𝐴𝐵| is equal to

A? 6

B? 2

C? 2 10

D? 2 10
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Teaser-12
Teaser [Ans. A]

𝑖ƶ 4𝑗ƶ 1 ƶ
Let 𝑎, 𝑏 > 0 and 𝛼Ԧ = + + 𝑏𝑘ƶ Ԧ ƶ ƶ
and 𝛽 = 𝑏𝑖 + 𝑎𝑗 + 𝑘, then the maximum value of
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏
10
is.
5+𝛼⋅𝛽

A? 1

B? 2

C? 4

D? 8
Let position vectors of the point 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are 𝑎᪄ = 𝑖ƶ + 𝑗ƶ + 𝑘, 𝑏᪄ = 2𝑖ƶ + 2𝑗ƶ + 𝑘,
𝑐᪄ = 5𝑖ƶ + 𝑗ƶ − 𝑘ƶ respectively, and let position vector of a variable point 𝑅 be 𝑟᪄

LIST-I LIST-II
(I) locus of point 𝑅(᪄𝑟) such that 𝑟᪄ ⋅ 𝑎᪄ = 5 (P) pair of lines
(II) locus of point 𝑅(᪄𝑟) such that |𝑟᪄ − 𝑏|᪄ + |᪄𝑟 − 𝑐|
᪄ =4 (Q) circle
᪄ + |᪄𝑟 − 𝑐|
(III) locus of point 𝑅(᪄𝑟) such that 𝑟᪄ ⋅ 𝑎᪄ = 5 and |᪄𝑟 − 𝑏| ᪄ = 4 (R) ellipse
area of the region formed by point 𝑅(᪄𝑟) such that 𝑟᪄ ⋅ 𝑎᪄ = 5 and
(IV) ᪄ + |᪄𝑟 − 𝑐| (S) 𝜋
|᪄𝑟 − 𝑏| ᪄ =4

(T) 2𝜋
(U) 2𝜋
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Teaser-13
Teaser [Ans C]

Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination?

A? (I), (Q)

B? (I), (R)

C? (III), (R)

D? (III), (Q)
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Teaser-14
Teaser [Ans D]

Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination?

A? (II), (Q)

B? (II), (P)

C? (IV), (U)

D? (IV), (T)
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Teaser-15
Teaser [Ans. B]

If 𝐴𝑃, 𝐵𝑄 and 𝐶𝑅 are the altitudes of acute △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 9𝑨𝑷 + 4𝑩𝑸 + 7𝑪𝑹 = 0.
∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 is equal to

A? 𝜋
4
𝜋
B? 3
1
C? cos −1
3 7
1
D? cos −1
7
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Teaser-16
Teaser [Ans. A]

If 𝐴𝑃, 𝐵𝑄 and 𝐶𝑅 are the altitudes of acute △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 9𝑨𝑷 + 4𝑩𝑸 + 7𝑪𝑹 = 0.
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 is equal to

2
A? cos −1
7
𝜋
B? 2
7
C? cos −1
3
𝜋
D? 3
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Teaser-17
Teaser [Ans A, D]

Let 𝑎,
Ԧ 𝑏 and 𝑐᪄ are three mutually perpendicular unit vectors and a unit vector 𝑟Ԧ
satisfying the equation (𝑏 − 𝑐)
Ԧ × (𝑟Ԧ × 𝑎)
Ԧ + (𝑐Ԧ − 𝑎)
Ԧ × (𝑟Ԧ × 𝑏) + (𝑎Ԧ − 𝑏) × (𝑟Ԧ × 𝑐)
Ԧ = 0,
then 𝑟Ԧ is.
1
A? 3
(a + b + cԦ)
1
B? −
14
(2a + 3 b + cԦ)
1
C? (2𝑎Ԧ + 3𝑏 + 𝑐)
Ԧ
14
1
D? − (𝑎Ԧ + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
Ԧ
3
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Teaser-18
Teaser

If 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a tetrahedron where 𝑂 is the origin and 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 have respective

position vectors as 𝑎,
Ԧ 𝑏 and 𝑐,
Ԧ then show that the circumcentre of the tetrahedron
(𝑎)2 (𝑏×𝑐)+(𝑏)
Ԧ 2 (𝑐×𝑎)+(
Ԧ Ԧ 2 (𝑎×𝑏)
𝑐)
is .
2 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐Ԧ
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Teaser-19
Teaser

Find the equation of line of intersection of the planes 𝑟.

Ԧ 𝑛1 = d1 & 𝑟Ԧ . 𝑛2 = d2 in
vector form.
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Teaser-20
Teaser [Ans. (5)]

Let 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 be a tetrahedron whose edges are of unit length. If 𝑶𝑨 = 𝒂, 𝑶𝑩 = 𝒃 and

𝑝
𝑶𝑪 = α(𝒂 + 𝒃) + β(𝒂 × 𝒃), then (αβ)2 = where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are relatively prime to
𝑞
𝑞
each other. Find the value of where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function.
2𝑝
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