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Intergration

Integration by parts is a method in calculus used to find the integral of a product of functions by transforming it into a simpler form. The process is derived from the product rule of differentiation and is exemplified through the integration of functions like x sin x. The formula allows for the reduction of complex integrals into standard forms, facilitating easier solutions.

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10 views

Intergration

Integration by parts is a method in calculus used to find the integral of a product of functions by transforming it into a simpler form. The process is derived from the product rule of differentiation and is exemplified through the integration of functions like x sin x. The formula allows for the reduction of complex integrals into standard forms, facilitating easier solutions.

Uploaded by

heartsruth51
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

In calculus, and more generally in mathematical analysis, integration by


parts or partial integration is a process that finds the integral of a product of
functions in terms of the integral of the product of their derivative and
antiderivative.

It Is frequently used to transform the antiderivative of a product of functions


into an antiderivative for which a solution can be more easily found. The rule
can be thought of as an integral version of the product rule of differentiation;
it is indeed derived using the product rule

Integration By Parts formula is used for integrating the product of two


functions. This method is used to find the integrals by reducing them into
standard forms. For example, if we have to find the integration of x sin x,
then we need to use this formula. The integrand is the product of the two
functions. The formula for integrating by parts is givenQ.3: Find ∫ ex sin x dx

Solution: Let us take ex as first function and sin x as the second function.

Now by integrating the functions by parts, we get;

I = ∫ ex sin x dx = ex (-cos x) + ∫ ex cos x dx

I = -ex cos x + I’ …..(1)

Now, taking ex as first function and cos x as second function, we get;

I’ = ex sin x – ∫ ex sin x dx

Putting the value of I’ in eq.(1), we get;

I = – ex cos x + ex sin x – I

Or

2I = ex (sin x – cos x)

Therefore, ∫ ex sin x dx = ex/2 (sin x – cos x) + C


𝑥

𝑥
)

∫
𝑎

{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\int _{a}^{b}u(x)v’(x)\,dx&={\Big [}u(x)v(x)


{\Big ]}_{a}^{b}-\int _{a}^{b}u’(x)v(x)\,dx\\&=u(b)v(b)-u(a)v(a)-\int
_{a}^{b}u’(x)v(x)\,dx.\end{aligned}}}

Or, letting

{\displaystyle u=u(x)} and

𝑑
𝑢

{\displaystyle du=u’(x)\,dx} while

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