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A
Practical File
ON
IT SKILLS LAB (KMBN251)
Submitted for the Partial fulfillment of the Requirement
of the Award of Degree of Master of Business
Administration

Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow

(2023-2025)

Submitted To: - Submitted By:-

Dr. Mohd. Danish Student Name: Arun Kumar
(Asst. Professor) MBA 2nd Semester
RollNo:2306950700024

Shri Ram Group of Colleges

Muzaffarnagar,U.P
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Index
Pag
S. e
No Particular No.
1. How to Create a Pivot Table 3-8
2. How to Analyzing data using Goal Seek 9-11
& Solver in Pivot Table
3. How to Create a Column Chart 12-19
How to Create a Line Chart 20-23
4.
How to Create a Pie Chart 20-22
5.

28- 4
6 Spreadsheet and Macros 1
42-
7 43
44-
8 50
51-
9 How to Create a Line Chart 54
55-
10 57
How to Create a Combined chart like: 58-
11 Column and Line, Column And Area 63
64-
12 How to Display an image in Chart Area 66

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How to create a Pivot Table

Pivot tables are one of Excel's most powerful features. A pivot table allows
you to extract the significance from a large, detailed data set.
Our data set consists of 213 records and 6 fields. Order ID, Product,
Category, Amount, Date and Country.

Insert a Pivot Table

To insert a pivot table, execute the following steps.
1. Click any single cell inside the data set.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click PivotTable.

The following dialog box appears. Excel automatically selects the data for
you. The default location for a new pivot table is New Worksheet.

3. Click OK.

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Drag fields
The PivotTable Fields pane appears. To get the total amount exported of each
product, drag the following fields to the different areas.
1. Product field to the Rows area.

2. Amount field to the Values area.

3. Country field to the Filters area.

Below you can find the pivot table. Bananas are our main export product.
That's how easy pivot tables can be!

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Sort
To get Banana at the top of the list, sort the pivot table.

1. Click any cell inside the Sum of Amount column.

2. Right click and click on Sort, Sort Largest to Smallest.

Result.

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Filter
Because we added the Country field to the Filters area, we can filter this
pivot table by Country. For example, which products do we export the most
to France?

1. Click the filter drop-down and select France.

Result. Apples are our main export product to France.

Note: you can use the standard filter (triangle next to Row Labels) to only
show the amounts of specific products.
Change Summary Calculation
By default, Excel summarizes your data by either summing or counting the
items. To change the type of calculation that you want to use, execute the
following steps.

1. Click any cell inside the Sum of Amount column.

2. Right click and click on Value Field Settings.

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3. Choose the type of calculation you want to use. For example, click Count.

4. Click OK.

Result. 16 out of the 28 orders to France were 'Apple' orders.

Two-dimensional Pivot Table

If you drag a field to the Rows area and Columns area, you can create a two-
dimensional pivot table. First, insert a pivot table. Next, to get the total
amount exported to each country, of each product, drag the following fields
to the different areas.
1. Country field to the Rows area.

2. Product field to the Columns area.

3. Amount field to the Values area.

4. Category field to the Filters area.

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Below you can find the two-dimensional pivot table.

To easily compare these numbers, create a pivot chart and apply a filter.
Maybe this is one step too far for you at this stage, but it shows you one of
the many other powerful pivot table features Excel has to offer.

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How to analyzing data using goal seek and solver

in pivot table

The Goal Seek Excel function (often referred to as What-if-Analysis) is a

method of solving for a desired output by changing an assumption that
drives it. The function essentially uses a trial and error approach to back-
solving the problem by plugging in guesses until it arrives at the answer.

For example, if the formula for revenue is equal to the number of units sold
multiplied by the selling price, Goal Seek can determine how many units
have to be sold to reach $1 million of revenue, if the selling price is known.
The function is extremely useful for performing sensitivity analysis in
financial modeling.

Simple Goal Seek Example

Let’s look at a simple exercise first, to see how Goal Seek works. Suppose
we have a very basic model that takes the number of units sold, the retail
price, and a discount to calculate total net revenue.

The current model contains the following information:

 # of units: 500
 Retail price: $25.00
 Selling discount: 10%
 Revenue: $11,250

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How to create a column chart

Column charts are useful for showing data changes over a period of time or
for illustrating comparisons among items. In column charts, categories are
typically organized along the horizontal axis and values along the vertical
axis.

For information on column charts, and when they should be used,

see Available chart types in Office.

ExcelOutlook

To create a column chart, follow these steps:

1. Enter data in a spreadsheet.

2. Select the data.
3. Depending on the Excel version you're using, select one of the
following options:
 Excel 2016: Click Insert > Insert Column or Bar Chart icon,
and select a column chart option of your choice.

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 Excel 2013: Click Insert > Insert Column Chart icon, and
select a column chart option of your choice.

 Excel 2010 and Excel 2007: Click Insert > Column, and select a
column chart option of your choice.

You can optionally format the chart a little further. See the list below for
a few options:

 To apply a different chart style, click Design > Chart Styles,

and pick a style.
 To apply a different shape style, click Format > Shape Styles,
and pick a style.
 To apply different shape effects, click Format > Shape Effects,
and pick an option such as Bevel or Glow, and then a sub
option.
 To apply a theme, click Page Layout > Themes, and select a
theme.
 To apply a formatting option to a specific component of a chart
(such as Vertical (Value) Axis, Horizontal (Category) Axis, Chart
Area, to name a few), click Format > pick a component in

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the Chart Elements dropdown box, click Format Selection,

and make any necessary changes. Repeat the step for each
component you want to modify.

How to create a bar chart

A bar chart (or a bar graph) is one of the easiest ways to present your data in
Excel, where horizontal bars are used to compare data values. Here’s how to
make and format bar charts in Microsoft Excel.
Inserting Bar Charts in Microsoft Excel
While you can potentially turn any set of Excel data into a bar chart, It makes
more sense to do this with data when straight comparisons are possible,
such as comparing the sales data for a number of products. You can
also create combo charts in Excel, where bar charts can be combined with
other chart types to show two types of data together.
RELATED: How to Create a Combo Chart in Excel
We’ll be using fictional sales data as our example data set to help you
visualize how this data could be converted into a bar chart in Excel. For more
complex comparisons, alternative chart types like histograms might be
better options.
To insert a bar chart in Microsoft Excel, open your Excel workbook and select
your data. You can do this manually using your mouse, or you can select a
cell in your range and press Ctrl+A to select the data automatically.

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Once your data is selected, click Insert > Insert Column or Bar Chart.
Various column charts are available, but to insert a standard bar chart, click
the “Clustered Chart” option. This chart is the first icon listed under the “2-D
Column” section.

Excel will automatically take the data from your data set to create the chart
on the same worksheet, using your column labels to set axis and chart titles.
You can move or resize the chart to another position on the same worksheet,
or cut or copy the chart to another worksheet or workbook file.
For our example, the sales data has been converted into a bar chart showing
a comparison of the number of sales for each electronic product.

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For this set of data, mice were bought the least with 9 sales, while
headphones were bought the most with 55 sales. This comparison is visually
obvious from the chart as presented.
Formatting Bar Charts in Microsoft Excel
By default, a bar chart in Excel is created using a set style, with a title for the
chart extrapolated from one of the column labels (if available).
You can make many formatting changes to your chart, should you wish to.
You can change the color and style of your chart, change the chart title, as
well as add or edit axis labels on both sides.
It’s also possible to add trendlines to your Excel chart, allowing you to see
greater patterns (trends) in your data. This would be especially important for
sales data, where a trendline could visualize decreasing or increasing
number of sales over time.
Changing Chart Title Text
To change the title text for a bar chart, double-click the title text box above
the chart itself. You’ll then be able to edit or format the text as required.

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If you want to remove the chart title completely, select your chart and click
the “Chart Elements” icon on the right, shown visually as a green, “+”
symbol.
From here, click the checkbox next to the “Chart Title” option to deselect it.

Your chart title will be removed once the checkbox has been removed.
Adding and Editing Axis Labels
To add axis labels to your bar chart, select your chart and click the green
“Chart Elements” icon (the “+” icon).
From the “Chart Elements” menu, enable the “Axis Titles” checkbox.

Axis labels should appear for both the x axis (at the bottom) and the y axis
(on the left). These will appear as text boxes.
To edit the labels, double-click the text boxes next to each axis. Edit the text
in each text box accordingly, then select outside of the text box once you’ve
finished making changes.

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If you want to remove the labels, follow the same steps to remove the
checkbox from the “Chart Elements” menu by pressing the green, “+” icon.
Removing the checkbox next to the “Axis Titles” option will immediately
remove the labels from view.
Changing Chart Style and Colors
Microsoft Excel offers a number of chart themes (named styles) that you can
apply to your bar chart. To apply these, select your chart and then click the
“Chart Styles” icon on the right that looks like a paint brush.

A list of style options will become visible in a drop-down menu under the
“Style” section.

Select one of these styles to change the visual appearance of your chart,
including changing the bar layout and background.

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You can access the same chart styles by clicking the “Design” tab, under the
“Chart Tools” section on the ribbon bar.
The same chart styles will be visible under the “Chart Styles” section—
clicking any of the options shown will change your chart style in the same
way as the method above.

You can also make changes to the colors used in your chart in the “Color”
section of the Chart Styles menu.
Color options are grouped, so select one of the color palette groupings to
apply those colors to your chart.

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You can test each color style by hovering over them with your mouse first.
Your chart will change to show how the chart will look with those colors
applied.
Further Bar Chart Formatting Options
You can make further formatting changes to your bar chart by right-clicking
the chart and selecting the “Format Chart Area” option.

This will bring up the “Format Chart Area”

menu on the right. From here, you can change the fill, border, and other
chart formatting options for your chart under the “Chart Options” section.

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You can also change how text is displayed on your chart under the “Text
Options” section, allowing you to add colors, effects, and patterns to your
title and axis labels, as well as change how your text is aligned on the chart.

If you want to make further text formatting changes, you can do this using
the standard text formatting options under the “Home” tab while you’re
editing a label.

You can also use the pop-up formatting menu that appears above the chart
title or axis label text boxes as you edit them.

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How to create a line chart

Line charts are used to display trends over time. Use a line chart if you have
text labels, dates or a few numeric labels on the horizontal axis. Use
a scatter plot (XY chart) to show scientific XY data.
To create a line chart, execute the following steps.

1. Select the range A1:D7.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Line symbol.

3. Click Line with Markers.

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Result:

Note: only if you have numeric labels, empty cell A1 before you create the
line chart. By doing this, Excel does not recognize the numbers in column A
as a data series and automatically places these numbers on the horizontal
(category) axis. After creating the chart, you can enter the text Year into cell
A1 if you like.
Let's customize this line chart.

To change the data range included in the chart, execute the following steps.

4. Select the line chart.

5. On the Design tab, in the Data group, click Select Data.

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6. Uncheck Dolphins and Whales and click OK.

Result:
To change the color of the line and the markers, execute the following steps.

7. Right click the line and click Format Data Series.

The Format Data Series pane appears.

8. Click the paint bucket icon and change the line color.

9. Click Marker and change the fill color and border color of the markers.

Result:

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To add a trendline, execute the following steps.

10. Select the line chart.

11. Click the + button on the right side of the chart, click the arrow next to
Trendline and then click More Options.

The Format Trendline pane appears.

12. Choose a Trend/Regression type. Click Linear.

13. Specify the number of periods to include in the forecast. Type 2 in the
Forward box.

Result:

To change the axis type to Date axis, execute the following steps.

14. Right click the horizontal axis, and then click Format Axis.

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