Índex
1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................4
2. Development ...........................................................................................................................5
2.1. Definition of Adjective .....................................................................................................5
2.2. Classification of Adjectives...............................................................................................5
2.2.1. Descriptive Adjectives: Express qualities or states (e.g., "happy," "blue," "tall"). ........5
2.2.2. Quantitative Adjectives: Indicate quantity or amount (e.g., "few," "many," "several").
............................................................................................................................................5
2.2.3. Demonstrative Adjectives: Specify which noun is being referred to (e.g., "this," "that,"
"these," "those"). ..................................................................................................................5
2.2.4. Possessive Adjectives: Show ownership (e.g., "my," "your," "his," "her," "our,"
"their"). ................................................................................................................................5
2.2.5. Interrogative Adjectives: Used in questions (e.g., "which," "what," "whose"). ............5
2.2.6. Proper Adjectives: Derived from proper nouns (e.g., "French cuisine,"
"Shakespearean drama"). ......................................................................................................5
3. Adjective Order .......................................................................................................................5
3.1. Adjective Comparison and Degrees ..................................................................................5
3.2.Categories of adjectives .....................................................................................................6
3.2.1.Regular adjectives. ......................................................................................................6
3.3. Irregular adjectives ...........................................................................................................7
4. Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................8
5. References...............................................................................................................................9
1. Introduction
Adjectives are an essential part of the English language, as they provide descriptions and details
that enhance communication. They modify nouns by adding information about quality, quantity,
size, color, and other characteristics. Without adjectives, language would be dull and less
expressive. This work explores the definition, classification, usage, and importance of adjectives
in English grammar. Adjectives are crucial for effective communication, as they add depth and
clarity to descriptions. Writers, advertisers, and speakers use adjectives to create vivid imagery,
evoke emotions, and persuade audiences. For instance, in literature, adjectives bring characters
and settings to life, while in marketing, they enhance product appeal and in adjectives we can
found the form and implement of adjectives where we can found that adjectives are invariable
they don’t change their form depending on the gender or number of noun, to emphasize or
strengthen.
2. Development
2.1. Definition of Adjective
An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun by providing additional
information about its attributes. For example, in the phrase "a beautiful painting," the word
"beautiful" is an adjective because it describes the noun "painting."
2.2. Classification of Adjectives.
Adjectives can be categorized into different types based on their function and meaning:
2.2.1. Descriptive Adjectives: Express qualities or states (e.g., "happy," "blue," "tall").
2.2.2. Quantitative Adjectives: Indicate quantity or amount (e.g., "few," "many," "several").
2.2.3. Demonstrative Adjectives: Specify which noun is being referred to (e.g., "this," "that,"
"these," "those").
2.2.4. Possessive Adjectives: Show ownership (e.g., "my," "your," "his," "her," "our," "their").
2.2.5. Interrogative Adjectives: Used in questions (e.g., "which," "what," "whose").
2.2.6. Proper Adjectives: Derived from proper nouns (e.g., "French cuisine," "Shakespearean
drama").
3. Adjective Order
In English, adjectives follow a specific order when multiple adjectives are used before a noun.
The common sequence is:
Quantity, Opinion, Size, Age, Shape, Origin, Material, Purpose (e.g., "running shoes") for
example: "A beautiful small old round red Italian wooden dining table."
3.1. Adjective Comparison and Degrees
Adjectives can change form to express different degrees of comparison:
Positive Degree: Describes a single thing (e.g., "tall").Comparative Degree: Compares two
things, often using "-er" or "more" (e.g., "taller," "more intelligent").Superlative Degree:
Compares three or more things, often using "-est" or "most" (e.g., "tallest," "most intelligent").5.
The Role of Adjectives in Communication.
Adjectives are crucial for effective communication, as they add depth and clarity to descriptions.
Writers, advertisers, and speakers use adjectives to create vivid imagery, evoke emotions, and
persuade audiences. For instance, in literature, adjectives bring characters and settings to life,
while in marketing, they enhance product appeal (e.g., "fresh organic apples").
3.2. Categories of adjectives
Adjectives can be categorized into regular and irregular adjective, based on how form their
comparative and superlative form.
3.2.1. Regular adjectives.
Regular adjectives follow predictable pattern when forming their comparative and superlative
forms. To form the comparative (for comparing two things), form the superlative (for comparing
three or more things) you add EST.
REGULAR ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
SMALL SMALLER SMALLEST
TALL TALLER TALLEST
NICE NICER NICEST
BIG BIGGER BIGGEST
For adjectives ending in E, you simply add –r for the comparative and –st for the superlative.
E.g. Nice- Nicer-Nicest.
If the adjective ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, you typically double the
consonant before adding –er or –EST.
E.g. big---bigger---biggest.
For adjectives with three or more syllables, you generally form the comparative and superlative
by adding more or most instead of using –ER or –EST.
E.g.
ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
IMPORTANT MORE IMPORTANT MOST IMPORTANT
EXPENSIVE MORE EXPENSIVE MOST EXPENSIVE
3.3. Irregular adjectives
Irregular adjectives do not follow predictable pattern for forming their comparative and
superlative. Instead they undergo changes that must be memorized.
The table below show the common adjectives that have completely irregular comparative and
superlative forms.
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
GOOD BETTER BEST
BAD WORSE WORST
LITTLE LESS LEAST
MUCH MORE MOST
FAR FURTHER/FARTHER FURTHEST/FARTHEST
Examples
Today is the Worst day I’ve had in a long time.
You play tennis better than I do.
This is the least expensive sweater in store.
This sweater is less expensive than that one.
I ran pretty far yesterday, but i ran even farther today
4. Conclusion
Adjectives play a significant role in the English language by modifying nouns and providing
essential details. Their classification, order, and degrees of comparison allow speakers and
writers to convey precise meanings. Mastering adjectives enhances language fluency and helps
in creating engaging and effective communication. The function of adjective is to modify nouns
or pronouns, to describe a person, place, or thing, describe feeling or qualities, express a
judgment or a value, tell us about size, measurement, age, temperature, shape, color, Give
nationality or origin, Tell us about material what something is made of, and adjectives answer
questions like: Which one?, How many?, What kind?. Is common to confuse difference between
subject and possessive, in subject (YOU/I) and possessive (mine) there also a possessive
adjective your we`ll deal with the subject pronouns momentarily, but for now, just look at the
others. Your is followed by the noun, vices, so although we know that your refers to you, it is not
the noun or the noun substitute, it is, pronoun.
E.g. 5. References
GREENBAUM, Sidney. Oxford English Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
QUIRK, Randolph; GREENBAUM, Sidney. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English
Language. London: Longman, 1985.
SWAN, Michael. Practical English Usage. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
