1

smkwlI pMjwbI swihq : sMdrB Aqy srokwr

pMjwb smyq smu`cy Bwrq dy smkwl nUM GVn leI keI mh`qvpUrn GtnwvW, ivcwrDwrwvW Aqy
vrqwirAW dw d^l hY[ ivSvIkrn, audwrIkrn, in`jIkrn, sUcnw kRWqI Aqy Ku`lHI mMfI dy vrqwry ny
swfy smkwlI XQwrQ nUM jitl qoN jitlqr(?) bxw id`qw hY [90ivAW iv`c ApxwieAw igAw ie`k
ivSyS pRkwr dw AwriQk mwfl ivSyS pRkwr dw smwijk, AwriQk Aqy rwjnIiqk s`iBAwcwr vI
isrjdw hY[ijs nwl ie`k guMJldwr, ckwcOND krn vwlw Aqy aupBogI iksm dw vwqwvrn vI
isrijAw jWdw hY [ies ivSyS smwijk-AwriQk sMrcnw iv`c sDwrn pMjwbI bMdw mwnisk Aqy
AvcyqnI qOr qy JMjoiVAw vI jWdw hY Aqy ie`k nvIN GwVq dy rUp iv`c pyS vI huMdw hY [ieh jitl
siQ`qIAW ijs ivAkqI Aqy smwj dI isrjxw krdIAW hn, auh ivAkqI Aqy smwj vI keI qrHW
dIAW ivsMgqIAW smyq pyS huMdy hn [smkwlI pMjwbI swihq dw muhWdrw vI ienHW AwriQk, smwijk,
rwjnIiqk Aqy s`iBAwcwrk sMrcnwvW duAwrw isrjI smkwlI siQqI dy kwivk, gwlpink Aqy
nwtkI rUpWqrxW iv`coN hI pCwixAw jw skdw hY [
kwiv ivDw dI KwsIAq hY ik ieh dUjIAW ivDwvW mukwbly iksy vI pRBwv nUM pihlW kbUldI qy
pRqIkrm zwhr krdI hY [ pMjwbI kvIAW ny vI iviBMn qbdIlIAW pRqI Awpxw pRqIkrm sB qoN
pihlW pRgt kIqw hY [pMjwbI kivqw kdy vI iksy ie`k vwd jW pRivrqI nwl b`Jky nhIN rhI [ ies
ny AwdrSvwdI, romWsvwdI, pRgqIvwdI, pRXogvwdI, juJwrvwdI qy AwDuinkqwvwdI Awid ikMnIAW hI
pRivrqIAW nUM ApxwieAw Aqy q`ijAw hY[smkwlI pMjwbI kivqw smkwlI sMsQwvW Aqy siQqIAW
duAwrw isrjy jw rhy mnu`K dy iviBMn srokwrW nwl nij`T rhI hY [ bymwiengI dw Aihsws Bogdw,
sMvydnhIx huMdw jw irhw Aqy ivSyS smwjk, s`iBAwcwrk, Dwrimk Aqy nslI pCwxW nwl juiVAw
hoieAw bMdw ies kivqw dy kyNdr iv`c hY [smkwlI kvI AwpxI kwiv-AiBivAkqI leI Ku`lI kivqw,
nzm, Zzl Aqy hwiekU Awid kwiv rUpwkwr Apxw irhw hY [ smkwlI kivqw iv`c sB qoN v`D
kbUilAw jwx vwlw rUpwkwr Ku`lI kivqw hY [ pRo. pUrn isMG qoN ip`CoN AMgryzI pRBwv vwly ies
 2

rUpwkwr nMU pMjwbI kvI ic`q ny pUrI qrHW kbUl ilAw hY Aqy AwpxI kwiv sMvydnw dw vwhn bxwieAw
hY[smkwlI kvIAW iv`coN surjIq pwqr, fw. jgqwr, jsvMq dId, pRimMdrjIq,fw. suiqMdr isMG nUr,
svrnjIq svI, vnIqw, suKivMdr AMimRq,gurBjn ig`l, drSn bu`tr, dyvnIq, iekbwl rwmUvwlIAw
Aqy hrivMdr BMfwl smyq Anyk kvIAW ny ies rUp ivDw nUM ApxwieAw hY [ ies qoN ieh Bwv nhIN
ik smkwl iv`c CMdwbMdI jW ipMgl ArUz dw dOr Kqm ho igAw hY [ smkwl iv`c CMdb`D kivqw vI
ilKI qy psMd kIqI jw rhI hY [pMjwbI bMdy dI qW pCwx hI pwTk nwloN v`D sroqy vjoN hY [Swied
iehI kwrn hY ik vwirs Swh, bu`lyH Swh Aqy iSv kumwr A`j vI lokW dIAW ismrqIAW iv`c vsy hoey
hn [
smkwlI kvIAW iv`coN surjIq pwqr dI mkbUlIAq dw kwrn vI ausdI rcnw dw ‘lokDwrweI
Kwsy vwlI’ Aqy ‘lok ic`q dy nyVy ivcrn vwlI’ hox krky hI hY [ surjIq pwqr ny kwivk Bwv nUM
ijMdw r`KidAW smkwlI gzl nUM klwskI jkVbMdIAW qoN injwq idvw ky irdm BrpUr bxwaux iv`c
v`fw Xogdwn pwieAw hY [ gzl isnP nUM sQwpq krn vwly lyKkW iv`coN fw.jgqwr, surjIq pwqr,
gurdyv inrDn, dyivMdr joS, rxDIr isMG cMd, po. dIdwr Aqy kMvr cOhwn Awid pRmu`K hn[iehnW
kvIAW dI KUbsUrqI ieh hY ik iehnW ny gzl rUpwkwr dI AMqrIv sMrcnw nMU pRmu`Kqw dyx dI bjwie
Awpxy ivcwr jW Bwv nMU pRmu`Kqw id`qI Aqy ArbI / PwrsI jkVbMdI vwlIAW SrqW nMU QoVHw nrm
krky vriqAw hY[ rcnwvI p`Dr au`pr smkwlI pMjwbI gzl izMdgI dy hr AnuBv nMU ibAwn kr
skx dy smr`Q hY [ smkwlI jIvn-AnuBvW Aqy mu`idAW nMU pMjwbI jIvn-XQwrQ nwl joV ky bhu-
pwswrI Aqy bhu-prqI s`c nMU klwqmk inpuMnqw nwl pRsquq krky AwpxI pRiqBw dw sbUq dyx vwly
lyKkW iv`coN pRmu`K nW hn : surjIq j`j, gurqyj kuhwrvwlw, brijMdr cOhwn, jsivMdr, ie`kivMdr
F`t, jspwl GeI, kulvIr, sqIS gulwtI, AmrIk fogrw, SbdIS, hrI isMG mohI, gurdIp qy ivjy
ivvyk Awid[
smkwlI dOr dIAW ivSyS smwjk, rwjsI Aqy AwrQk sMrcnwvW ny bVI sU^mqw nwl bMdy nMU
AMdroN AMdrI KMifq kIqw hY[smwijk irSiqAW iv`c tu`t B`j hoeI hY[AwpsI pRym dI QW in`jI su`K dI
pRwpqI pRwQimkqw hwsl kr geI hY [Gr dw ibMb KMifq hoieAw hY Aqy Gr dy Awly duAwly dw
vwqwvrx vI iBRSt hoieAw hY [AYsI siQ`qI iv`c swry Swier qW nhIN, pr SwierW dw ie`ko poc ‘pr’
dI cyqnw nwloN ‘svY’ dI pirkrmw krn nMU kyNdrI srokwr bxw irhw hY [ienHW SwierW ny ‘mYN’ nUM
kyNdr iv`c siQ`q krky Awpxy Aiq inktBwvI AihswsW Aqy auhnW dI vI mnocyqnI sur nUM
pRgtwieAw hY [ ieh Swier Awpxy smu`cy ArQW iv`c ‘mYN mUlk’ SwierI qW nhIN rc rhy, pr ies
 3

dw isrjxwqmk pRkrx smwijk-smUihk srokwrW, s`iBAwcwrk AwdrSW Aqy ienHW nwl sMbMiDq
pRsMgW v`l ivSyS byruKI Apxw ky in`jI jIvn-SYlI dy pu`Ty is`Dy rh`sW, ivgwVW, JUTW-s`cW Aqy AMqr-
pRyrnwvW dI pu`T is`D nMU sMcwirq krn v`l ivSyS aumwh idKw irhw hY [(fw. jsivMdr isMG, kwiv
lok, pMnw-13) ieh kwiv-mYN ikqy svY-pIV nwl Aqy ikqy svY-kRIVw nwl lrz rhI hY [vDyry krky
ieh kivqw in`jqv dI auDyVbux iv`c aulJI hoeI nzr AwauNdI hY [ mwieAwvI rucIAW ny hI bMdy nMU
iek`lqw, bygwngI, mYN mUlkqw, in`jqv Aqy dyhI jSnW q`k Gtw id`qw hY[ smkwlI pMjwbI kivqw
iehnW nv-isrjq siQqIAW nwl sMvwd rcwauNdI hY [
svrnjIq svI, dyvnIq, gurpRIq, AMbrIS Aqy virMdr pirhwr vrgy kvIAW dy kwivk
ichn dyh dw sMvwd isrjdy hn[ieh kivqw iksy vfyry mwnv mukqI dy lkS qoN s`KxI hox krky
svY-iPkr q`k G`t jWdI hY [pMjwbI kwiv-ipV iv`c ku`J Aijhy pRqIb`D smkwlI Swier vI hn, ijnHW
dI rcnw iv`c lok pIV vI hY Aqy invyklw kwiv muhWdrw vI[iehnW iv`coN pRmu`K hn : fw.
jgqwr(mrhUm), pRimMdrjIq, mohnjIq, lok nwQ, iekbwl rwmUvwlIAw, suKivMdr kMboj, suiKMdr,
blbIr prvwnw, BuipMdr puryvwl, mdnvIrw, drSn bu`tr, ivSwl qy hrivMdr BMfwl Awid[
smkwlI pMjwbI kivqw iv`c dilq cyqnw, vydnw qy sMvydnw nvIN ivSv idRStI Aqy icMqn dy
nvIn pRkrn nwl lYs ho ky pyS huMdI hY[iehnW kvIAW dy pRvcnW rwhIN dilq bMdy dI sdIAW purwxI
cu`p qy z^mI vydnw nUM iq`Kw bol pRwpq hoieAw hY[gurmIq k`lrmwjrI, blbIr mwDopurI, mdnvIrw,
Bgvwn iF`loN, fw. mnmohn, blbIr prvwnw, mnjIq kwdr, Drm kMmyAwxw, mohn iqAwgI, mohn
miqAwlvI, jY pwl, iekbwl GwrU Aqy hrnyk klyr dilq mukqI dw pRvcn isrjx vwly pRmu`K kvI
hn[
dilq cyqnw vWg hI nwrI cyqnw dw pRvcn vI sgvyN rUp iv`c pMjwbI kwiv icqrp`t qy pRsq`uq
huMdw hY[ smkwlI nwrI cyqnw dI kivqw SwsqrI suhj mwflW nUM KMifq krdI nzr AwauNdI hY[ ieh
kivqw bhuqI vwr qW nwrI spys leI mrdwvyN pRvcn dy ivroD iv`c KVHI nzr AwauNdI hY, pr ku`J
kivqrIAW ny nwrI-mrd sMvwd dI kivqw vI rcI hY[mnjIq ieMdrw, pwl kOr, fw. vnIqw, suKivMdr
AMimRq, SSI smuMdrw, ismrq ggn, nIrU AsIm, nIqU ArooVw, rijMdr rwjI Awid dI kivqw ies
pRsMg iv`c r`KI jw skdI hY[ smu`cy smkwlI pMjwbI nwrI kwiv dI pRmu`K sur smkwlI siQ`qIAW iv`c
nwrI hoNd nMU nwrI dy qOr qy svIkwry jwx dI hY[
smkwlI pMjwbI kivqw dw ie`k pwswr pRdysW iv`c jw vsy pMjwbI bMdy dy bhurMgy AnuBvW dI
AiBivAkqI nwl Ku`lHdw hY[ prvwsI pMjwbI kivqw hux isrP pIVHI pwVw, BUhyrvw jW nslI ivqkry
 4

q`k sImq nhIN[ ieh kivqw Aiq AwDuink shUlqW mwx rhy bMdy dI sMvydnSILqw qy Kur rhI mwnvI
hoNd nwl juVy guMJldwr svwlW nwl vI nij`TdI hY[ Ajmyr rofy, nvqyj BwrqI, iekbwl rwmUvwlIAw,
suiKMdr, suirMdr DMjl, drSn ig`l, jgqwr FwA, dyv, sqI kumwr, suKivMdr kMboj, rivMdr
sihrwA, Ajwieb kml Awid ny ivSyS ArQ sMrcnw iv`c GVI jw rhI swiekI dy prqO isrjy hn[
lokDwrweI, Dwrimk, ieiqhwisk Aqy imiQhwisk muhwvry nUM Apxwauxw smkwlI pMjwbI
kivqw dw ie`k hor ruJwn hY, ijs kwrn ies iv`coN keI qrHW dIAW fUMGIAW dwrSink rmzW vI
auqpMn huMdIAW hn[ ‘kmMfl’ (jsvMq dId), ‘AlK’ (mnjIq ieMdrw), ‘kwmySvrI’ (svrnjIq
svI), ‘inmK’ (AmrjIq) Aqy ‘nIl kMT’ (mnmohn) Awid dI kivqw ies pRsMg iv`c vyKI jw skdI
hY[ ieh kvI smkwlI XQwrQ dIAW jitl siQqIAW nMU ieiqhwisk/imiQhwisk hvwilAW nwl
fIkMstrkt krdy hn, ijs nwl AsIm ArQgq sMBwvnwvW pYdw huMdIAW hn[
smkwlI pMjwbI kivqw iv`coN iksy vfyry mwnv-mukqI dy sMGrS dI DunI Kwrj hY[ ies iv`c
bMdy dI izMdgI dy in`ky-in`ky qOKly, in`kIAW-in`kIAW GwtW Aqy in`ky-in`ky srokwrW nUM pRwQimkqw imlI
hY[ smwn ivcwrDwrwvW nwl prnweI hoeI smkwlI kivqw iksy Gtnw jW vrqwry dw pRqIroD isrjdI
hY[ ieh kivqw iksy sm`isAw dw h`l qlwSx dI bjwie isrP svwl KVHw krdI hY[ ieh kivqw
izAwdwqr bMdy dy AMdr-bwhr jW Gr dy AMdr-bwhr PYldI hY[ Gr-pirvwr dy mYNbr ies dy pRmu`K
ichn bxdy hn, ijvyN ‘mW’ (svrnjIq svI), ‘ipqw’ (fw. prmjIq FINgrw), mihbUb, BYx Aqy BweI
Awid[smkwlI pMjwbI kivqw rUpwkwrk p`Dr au`pr ie`k qrP lMmI kivqw/mhWkwiv ijvyN ‘pMj
ndIAW dw gIq’ (hrivMdr), ‘plMG-pMGUVw’ (iekbwl rwmUvwlIAw), ‘kwmySvrI’ (svrnjIq svI)
v`l qy dUjI qrP AsloN in`kI kivqw v`l v`D rhI hY[ ies ivclI jitlqw Aqy sMcwr dI sm`isAw
kwrn keI vwr sDwrn pwTk ies kivqw nMU smJx iv`c Asmr`Qw vI zwihr krdw hY, pr bhuqI
smkwlI kivqw m`DvrgI bMdy dy iPkr dI kivqw hY, jo iksy pRivrqI jW vwd qoN au~pr au~T ky
smkwlI siQ`qIAW iv`c sMvydnwhIx bMdy AMdroN Kur rhI mwnvI hoNd nwl sMvwd rcwauNdI hY[
BwvyN pMjwb dy smkwlI XQwrQ pRqI sB qoN pihlw Aqy POrI pRqIkrm kivqw dw hI hY, pr
ies XQwrX dI bhu-AXwmI Aqy bhu-pwswrI pySkwrI smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI rwhIN ho rhI
hY[smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI ny izMdgI dy Aiq guMJldwr msilAW, duibDwvW, AwkWiKAwvW nUM qW
pkiVAw hI hY, smwijk XQwrQ dI jitlqw nUM vI bwKUbI PiVAw hY[ pMjwbI bMdw AwpxIAW sImwvW,
sMBwvnwvW, KUbIAW Aqy kmIngIAW smyq ies khwxI dy kyNdr iv`c hY[ smkwlI pMjwbI khwxIkwrW
 5

dI KUbI hI ieh hY ik auh Aiq dI jitl mnosMrcnw Aqy Aiq dy jitl smwijk XQwrQ nUM sihj
rUp iv`c icqrdy hn[
smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI iv`c pyS hox vwlw bMdw BwvyN iviBMn smwjk, s`iBAwcwrk, nslI,
jwqI, jmwqI Aqy jYivk vKryivAW iv`c vMifAw hoieAw hY, pr iesdy mUl msly, dvMd, sMkt, Bu`KW,
qyhW Aqy pIVW QoVy bhuqy Prk nwl sWJIAW hI hn[ hux jdoN bMdw ie`ko vyly globlI pirpyK nwl vI
juiVAw hY qy sQwnk pCwxW dy vI snmu`K hY qW ivSv p`Dr qy vwprn vwly vrqwirAW qoN ausdI
sQwnk pCwx dw pRBwivq hoxw lwzmI hY[iesy icMqn cyqnw iv`coN hI hwSIAwikRqW, nwrIAW, dilqW,
ikswnW qy ivSyS siQ`qIAW dI pYdwvwr KMifq mwniskqw, irSiqAW dIAW nvIn smIkrxW, mwnvI
vqIry iv`c Awey ivAwpk bdlwv dw pRvcn hI smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI dy ibrqWq iv`c ie`k v`KrI
spys gRihx krdw hY[
smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI dy m`DvrgI bMdw pUrI qrHW myc AwieAw hY[ m`DvrgI mnu~K dIAW
lwlswvW, AkWiKAwvW Aqy aupBogI ibrqI ny ies vrg iv`c keI qrHW dIAW byqrqIbIAW pYdw
kIqIAW hn[ m`D vrgI bMdy dI KMifq mnosMrcnw, irSiqAW dI iqVkx(?) qy BogI ibrqI nUM
smkwlI khwxIkwrW ny smu`cqw iv`c pkiVAw hY[ pRym pRkwS, suKjIq, ijMdr, qlivMdr isMG,
blivMdr gryvwl, qrlocn isMG BwtIAw, jrnYl isMG, Ajmyr is`DU, jsvIr isMG rwxw, jiqMdr
hWs, sWvl DwmI, dysrwj kwlI, BgvMq rsUlpurI, hrpRIq syKw, Amnpwl swrw, suKvMq kOr mwn,
prvyz sMDU Aqy vInw vrmw Awid khwxIkwr m`DvrgI bMdy dI sMktSIl, dvMd BrpUr swiekI nUM
PVn dy Awhr iv`c hn[ ‘AMqrw’, ‘brP’ (suKjIq), ‘ksqUrI’, ‘dmUMhI’ (jsivMdr isMG), ‘ksIr’,
‘iqRMJx’ Aqy ‘glySIAr’ (qlivMdr), ‘ies vwr nhIN’, ‘Swied rMmI mMn jwey’, ‘jhwz vwlI tYNkI’
(Ajmyr is`DU), ‘Xu`D Kyqr’ , ‘KMfy dI Dwr’ (blivMdr gryvwl), ‘kRWqI ikauN nhIN AwauNdI’
(blijMdr nsrwlI), ‘cUVy vwlI bWh’, ‘iK`qIAW GuMm rhIAW ny’ (jsvIr isMG rwxw), ‘do twpU’ ,
‘pCwx’ (jrnYl isMG) Aqy ‘vIhW dw not’ (Amnpwl swrw) Awid khwxIAW m`DvrgI bMdy dy in`jI
srokwrW, AkWiKAwvW, mwnisk Bu`KW Aqy smwjk qy pirvwirk irSiqAW dIAW bhuprqI rmzW
CyVdIAW hn[ ieh khwxIAW KMifq mnoibrqI, mnoguMJlW Aqy qxwvW nMU qW pyS krdIAW hI hn, kwm
Aqy kwmnw dy iviBMn pwswrW dw bhuprqI Aqy bhuAXwmI ibrqWq vI isrjIAW hn[ smkwlI khwxI
dy pwqrW AMdr rUh dw r`j nhIN hY[
AwDuink pUMjIvwdI ArQ pRbMD Aqy ivSvIkrn dy dOr iv`c pMjwb dw ikswn Aqy ikswnI
fwvWfol siQ`qI iv`c nzr AwauNdy hn[iehnW dI AwriQk mMdhwlI, pirvwirk ivgTn Aqy smwijk
 6

pCwx dw sMkt ienHW AMdr by-mwiengI dw Aihsws pYdw krdw hY[izMdgI dy zSn iv`coN ausdy by-
pCwx ho jwx dI qRwsdk siQ`qI nUM smJx Aqy ibAwn krn vwlIAW mh`qvpUrn khwxIAW iv`c ‘moh
im`tI’ (suKvMq kOr mwn), ‘kwrigl’ (bldyv DwlIvwl), ‘isKr dupihrw’, ‘zrw bc ky moV qoN’
(jsvIr rwxw), ‘jy AwpxI ibrQw khUM’ (blijMdr nsrwlI), ‘iC`t ku khwxI’ (jiqMdr hWs), ‘nwg’
(suKrwj DwlIvwl) Aqy ‘bons’ (bldyv isMG) Awid r`KIAW jw skdIAW hn[ smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI
dw ie`k pwswr hwSIey qoN kyNdr v`l srk rhI dilq pCwx nwl juiVAw hY[ smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI
iv`c dilq lok iksy hmdrdI dy pwqr nhIN bxdy, sgoN mwnvI gOrv vwlI AwpxI spys isrjdy nzr
AwauNdy hn[ dilq cyqnw nwl juVy hoey dilq Aqy gYr dilq pRvcn iv`coN pRmu`K khwxIAW ijnHW iv`c
dilq hoNd Aqy hoxI dy nwl nwl dilq mukqI dw pYrwfweIm isrijAw igAw hY, ieh hn : ‘sOrI’
(ijMdr), ‘PYslw’, ‘jVHW’ (BgvMq rsUlpurI), ‘qIjw Xu`D’ (AqrjIq), ‘Gr dw jIA’ (jsivMdr
isMG), ‘ku`qI ivhVw’ (minMdr kWg), ‘mocI dw pu`q’ (mohn lwl iPlorIAw) Aqy ‘zKmW dy rsiqauN’,
‘PkIrI’ (dys rwj kwlI) Awid[
smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI iv`c sB qoN v`D AwkrSk Aqy sB qoN v`D QW Gyrn vwlw mu`dw kwm,
kwmnw, AOrq-mrd sMbMD qy nwrI mwniskqw nwl juiVAw hoieAw hY[ A`j dI pMjwbI khwxI iv`c pyS
hox vwlI AOrq AsloN d`bI kuclI jW npIVI hoeI AOrq nhIN hY[ ieh pVHI ilKI, nOkrI pySw
m`DvrgI AOrq hY[[ ieh cyqMn AOrq smwijk s`iBAwcwrk vrjnwvW dy nwl-nwl mrd s`qw nMU
qoVdI hoeI nzr AwauNdI hY[smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI iv`c nwrI inrw jSn dw vsIlw nhIN sgoN svY-
AkWiKAw sMg prnweI hoeI ieh nwrI AwpxIAW SrqW au`pr mrd nMU Bogx dw hYjmoink(?) rsqw
AKiqAwr krdI hY[auh sQwipq nYiqk, smwijk Aqy Dwrimk jkVbMdIAW qoN pwr jwx leI nwbr
huMdI hY[smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI ny AOrq dy ies kRWqIkwrI rUp nMU qlwiSAw Aqy pyS kIqw hY[‘mYN ryp
nMU ieMjuAwey krdI hW’ khwxI iv`c suKjIq ny ivSyS BwSweI SYlI rwhIN AOrq-mrd sMbMDW iv`c
SkqI/s`qw dIAW nvIAW smIkrnW isrj ky nwrI mwniskqw dIAW Aiq guMJldwr prqW nMU KoilHAw
hY[‘PrMgIAW dI nUMh’ (vInw vrmw), ‘m`CIAW’ (inrml jsvwl), ‘sqKsmI’ (APjl qOsIP), ‘Xu`D
Kyqr’, ‘KMfy dI Dwr’ (blivMdr gryvwl), ‘ivclI AOrq’, ‘glySIAr’ (qlivMdr isMG) Awid
khwxIAW mrd s`qw ivru`D nwrI AwkRoS Aqy ivdroh dIAW pRqI DunIAW isrjdIAW hn[ nwrI
nwiekwvW duAwrw vrjnwvW aulMGx dI iprq pRym pRkwS ny ‘fYflweIn’ khwxI rwhIN pweI sI, pr
smkwlI khwxIkwr aus qoN vI AglyrI soc nUM ibAwn kr rhy hn[
 7

prvwsI AnuBv smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI iv`c BrpUr rUp iv`c pyS hoieAw hY[smkwlI prvwsI
khwxI dI KUbI ieh hY ik ieh isrP pIVI pwVy, BUhyrvy jW jwqI, jmwqI Aqy nslI pCwx dy
ivqkirAW q`k sImq nhIN rihMdI sgoN AwpxIAW Aqy bygwnIAW s`iBAwcwirk kdrW kImqW nwl
sMvwd rcw rhI hY[bygwnI s`iBAwcwrk spys iv`c ivcr rhy ieh ibrqWqkwr pMjwbI fwiespory dI
hwSIAwikRq siQ`qI qoN pwr jwx dy XqnW iv`c hn[‘do twp’U, ‘twvrz’ (jrnYl isMG), ‘ibn isMgy
swn’ (pRo. hrBjn isMG), ‘byGry’ (prvyz sMDU), ‘bygm qy gulwm’ (divMdr mlhWs) Awid qoN ielwvw
hrpRIq syKw, myjr mWgt,Amnpwl swrw, sMqoK DwlIvwl, hrjIq Atvwl Aqy pwlI isMG dIAW
khwxIAW bygwnI rihql iv`c ivcr rhy bMdy dy AnuBvW rwhIN v`fy svwl isrjdIAW hn[
smkwlI pMjwbI smwj dy aukq pwswrW nwrI cyqnw, dilq cyqnw, prvwsI AnuBv, ikswnI
srokwrW Aqy m`DvrgI bMdy dy iviBMn pwswrW nUM ivAkq krn leI smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI dI jugq
pRmu`K qOr qy ‘mYN mUlkqw’ dI rihMdI hY[ ieh lkIrI ibrqWq dI QW jitl ibrqWq dI DwrnI hY ijs
iv`coN ie`ko smyyN keI Coty-Coty ibrqWq cldy hn ijhVy jIvn XQwrQ dI jitlqw nUM PVn dy Awhr
iv`c rihMdy hn[ ibrqWqkwrI dI svY pVcol dy rwh peI ieh khwxI Awqm mMQn rwhIN izMdgI dIAW
Aiq guMJldwr prqW Aqy mnosMrcnw iv`c ivcr rhy sMisAW, sMktW Aqy JoirAW nUM XQwrQk smql
au~pr ibAwn krdI hY[ smu`cy rUp iv`c ikhw jw skdw hY ik smkwlI pMjwbI khwxI pMjwbI bMdy Aqy
ausdI izMdgI dy iviBMn srokwrW, smwijk, s`iBAwcwrk Aqy jYivk pCwxW dy bhuprqI XQwrQ nwl
juVI hoeI hY[
nwvl nMU sB qoN v`D XQwrQ DrmI ivDw mMinAw jWdw hY[pMjwbI nwvl vI bhuqw krky XQwrQ
icqrx Aqy Kws qOr qy Alocnwqmk XQwrQ icqrx hI krdw irhw hY[ies krky iesdI mu`K sur
pRgqIvwdI hI rhI hY qy hux vI QoVy bhuqy ApvwdW nUM C`f ky iehI hY[pMjwbI dy smkwlI nwvlkwr
vrqmwn ivSvI siQ`qIAW qoN kwPI pRBwivq nzr AwauNdy hn[ AwriQk, smwijk Aqy rwjnIiqk
sMktW dy nwl nwl mwnvI irSqy, mwnisk sMkt, AsiqqvI ivgTn, s`iBAwcwrk pCwx dy guMm jwx
Aqy keI qrHW dy jwqI jmwqI dvMdW nUM ieh Awpxy klyvr iv`c smyt irhw hY[
A`j dy pMjwbI nwvl dy Drwql qy sB qoN v`D CwieAw jwx vwlw mu`dw tu`t rhI ikswnI dw hY[
hrI kRWqI ny pMjwb dI ikswnI dy ie`k qbky nMU KuShwl kIqw hY qW dUjy pwsy inmn ikswnI, mihMgy
vwhI-sMdW,bIjW qy kIVymwr dvweIAW, Gtdy PslI JwVW kwrn Aiq icMqwjnk siQ`qI qy phuMc cu`kI
hY[pMjwbI nwvl ny ikswnI dI in`GrI hoeI hwlq, pirvwirk ivgTn, pIVHI dr pIVHI GtdI zmIn dy
kwrn pYdw hoeIAW mwrU siQqIAW nUM bwKUbI pkiVAw hY[‘AMndwqw’ (bldyv isMG), ‘kxkW dw
 8

kqlwm’, ‘du`ly dI Fwb’(rwm srUp AxKI), ‘rohI bIAwbwn’ (krmjIq ku`sw), ‘ArQ’ (prmjIq
j`j), ‘iehnW rwhW qy’ (Avqwr bilMg), ‘pYrW hyTlI DrqI’ (bljIq kOr blI) Awid iv`c pMjwbI
ikswnI dI in`Gr rhI siQqI, mwnisk Aqy AvcyqnI p`Dr qy ivAwp rhy sMktW nMU XQwrQk rUp
iv`c icqirAw hY[ ies dy smwnWqr swfy smkwlI pRbMDkI FWcy iv`c sQwpq kIqy gey puils pRbMD,
inAW pRbMD Aqy jylH pRbMD dy AmwnvI, iBRSt Aqy ivfMbnwkwrI ivvhwr nMU XQwrQk rUp iv`c pyS
krn vwlw pRbu`D glpkwr im`qr jYn mIq hY[‘qPqIS’, ‘kithrw’, ‘kOrv sBw’ Aqy ‘suDwr Gr’
rwhIN aus ny swfy ibaUrokryitk FWcy dy KoKlypx, puils dy dMBI Aqy ivBcwrI ikrdwr, gMDlI
isAwsq, Aiq AmwnvI ho cu`ky jylH pRbMD Aqy hr p`Dr qy iBRSt ho cu`ky bMdy dy ihrsW-gRsq
pUMjIvwdI Avcyqn nMU qlwiSAw hY[pMjwbI nwvl nMU ivDwgq Aqy ivSwgq p`Dr ’qy AmIrI bKSx
vwlw ie`k hor nwvlkwr kyvl klotI hY[ausdw nwvl ‘GwtI puqlIgrW dI’ ivigAwnk z`d iv`c
ivcrdw hoieAw vI AMqrrwStrI p`Dr au`pr pUMjIvwdI pRBUqw duAwrw pCVy dySW dy hunrmMd Aqy pRbu`D
idmwgW nMU ie`Cw AnukUl vsqU vWg vrq ky bwAd iv`c auhnW nUM r`dI dy mwl vWg su`t id`qy jwx dw
ibrqWq isrjdw hY[jitl ibrqWq dw DwrnI ieh nwvl vsqU cox, glpI sMgTn Aqy rcnw idRStI
dI ivl`Kxqw kwrn ie`k nvIN iprq pwauNdw hY[
mwnvI irSiqAW iv`c iqVkx, in`j kyNdirq rucIAW, mwnisk sMrcnw iv`c ho rhI tu`t B`j nMU
smkwlI siQ`qIAW iv`coN pkVn vwly nwvlW iv`c ‘cwnx dw jMgl’, ‘bu`kl dw irSqw’ (ieMdr isMG
KwmoS), ‘prqwpI’ (rwm srUp AxKI), ‘aUxy s`Kxy’ (s. soz), ‘guAwcy ArQ’, ‘qlwS koeI sdIvI’
(nirMjn qsnIm) Awid pRmu`K hn[ ienHW nwvlI ibrqwqW ivclI AOrq ij`Qy prMprwgq BwrqI AOrq
dI im`Q dw BMjn krdI hY, au`Qy ausdI suqMqr jIvn SYlI hI aus leI mwnisk Aqy sWsikRqk sMkt
dw kwrn bxI hoeI hY[ AwDuink pMUjIvwdI ArQ pRbMD iv`c mrd s`qw v`loN AOrq nMU dyhI jSn Aqy
vysvwgmnI dy DMdy iv`c Pswey jwx dIAW rucIAW nUM vI pMjwbI nwvlkwrW ny bwKUbI pkiVAw hY[
‘lwl b`qI’ (bldyv isMG) kl`kqw mhWngr dy m`DvrgI bMdy dI ibmwr soc Aqy ihrsW-gRsq
mwniskqw nMU icqrdw hY[ ‘igr irhw grwP’ (inMdr ig`l) svIfn vrgy Aiq ivksq dyS iv`c
AOrq dI siQ`qI nMU ibAwn krdw hY[ienHW Ku`lHy sYks sMbMDW iv`coN pYdw hox vwlI iBAwnk ibmwrI
eyfz nMU pihlI vwrI ndIm prmwr ny Awpxy nwvl ‘ic`tI mOq’ rwhIN ibAwn kIqw hY[
AwpxI s`iBAwcwrk Aqy lokDwrweI pCwx dI punr-surjIqI leI ku`J glpkwr AwpxIAW
jVHW dI qlwS ieiqhwisk / imiQhwisk hvwilAW rwhIN krdy hn[ mnmohn bwvw ienHW iv`coN pRmu`K
nwvlkwr hY[
 9

AOrq dI hoNd Aqy hoxI nwl juVy keI dwrSink svwlW nwl nij`Tx leI dlIp kOr itvwxw
vrgI lyiKkw vI prMprw v`l muVdI hY[ ‘kQw kho aurvSI’ iv`c auh vrqmwn siQ`qIAW nwl nij`Tx
leI prMprw dI Twhr iv`c jWdI hY[ smkwlI sMkt-gRsq izMdgI iv`c s`iBAwcwrk au~`qmqw nMU
brkrwr r`Kx Aqy Awpxy ShIdW dy AwdrSk rUp nMU kwiem r`Kx leI pMjwbI nwvl iv`c jIvnI
mUlk rcnwvW dw ruJwn viDAw hY[ ‘pMjvW swihbzwdw’, ‘sqluj vihMdw irhw’ (bldyv isMG), ‘bMdw
isMG bhwdr’, ‘smuMdr gupq mhwn’ (kuldIp Btnwgr) Awid nwvlW iv`c ieiqhws dy nwiekW dy
mOilk jIvn AnuBvW nMU ibrqWqk cOKitAW iv`c FwilAw igAw hY[
dyS vMf dw duKWq Aqy pMjwb sMkt dI pIV vI pMjwbI nwvlkwr dIAW ismrqIAW iv`c vwr-vwr
au`BrdI hY[ ‘aujwVw’ (qRYlVI-svrn cMdn), ‘mSInW vwly’ (AmrjIq isMG) Aqy ‘hoxI ie`k dyS
dI’ (kyvl klotI) iqMny nwvlW dy kyNdr iv`c dyS dI vMf dy duKWq nMU Bogx vwlw bMdw hY[
dilq cyqnw nwl prnwey hoey pMjwbI nwvl ny dilq / dimq bMdy dI smwijk-s`iBAwcwrk
siQ`qI, CUq-Cwq dy msly, rotI bytI dI sWJ dy msly, au~cy nIvyN smJy jWdy ik`iqAW dy msly Aqy
mnu`KI h`kW dy msilAW nMU Awpxw ivSw bxwieAw hY[‘in`ky-in`ky Asmwn’ (nC`qr), ‘dwsqW dilqW
dI’ (inMdr ig`l), ‘mSwlcI’ (gurcrn isMG rwE) Awid nwvlW iv`c jitl jwqIgq msilAW nwl
juVI mwniskqw nMU AwriQk, smwijk qy s`iBAwcwrk pirpyK qoN icqirAw igAw hY[ dys rwj kwlI
Awpxy nwvl ‘prxySvrI’ rwhIN ienHW lokW dI toty-toty hoeI izMdgI nMU glp iv`c Fwldw hY, pr ijs
iS`dq nwl pMjwbI khwxI iv`c dilq cyqnw dI g`l qurI hY, EnI nwvlI pRvcn iv`c nhIN qur skI[
smkwlI khwxI dy mukwbly nwrI cyqnw nwl prnwieAw hoieAw smkwlI nwvl vI auh
bulMdIAW nhIN CUh sikAw[ AMimRqw pRIqm, AjIq kOr Aqy dlIp kOr itvwxw qoN ip`CoN dIAW nwrI
nwvlkwrW dI rcnw iv`c auh jlOA Aqy iS`dq nhIN dyKI jw skdI[ ‘TrI rwq’ Aqy ‘pYrW hyTlI
DrqI’ (bljIq kOr b`lI), ‘igrvI hoey mn’ (nkSdIp pMjkohw), ‘kI ieh AOrq hY?’, ‘Drq prweI
Awpxy lok’ (suSIl kOr), ‘kithry iv`c KVI AOrq’ (kYlwSpurI), ‘qIn lok sy inAwrI’ (dlIp kOr
itvwxw) Awid nwvlW iv`c pMjwbI AOrq dI siQ`qI, vydnw Aqy mwnisk sMqwnW nMU DImI sur iv`c
ibAwinAw igAw hY[s`iBAwcwrk ivlInIkrn, pirvwirk irSiqAW iv`c ivAwpI iqVkx, supinAW
dy mrn Aqy mMfI klcr dI ckwcOND iv`c gvwc jwx vrgy keI mu`dy prvwsI nwvlkwrW ny Cohy hn[
iehnW iv`coN ‘kMjkW’ (svrn cMdn), ‘mOq ie`k pwsport dI’ (iekbwl rwmUvwlIAw), ‘ryq’, ‘svwrI’
(hrjIq Atvwl), ‘BgOVw’ (jrnYl isMG syKw), ‘jugqU’ (swDU binMg), ‘pYVW dy Awr pwr’ (drSn
 10

DIr), ‘igrvI hoey mn’ (nkSdIp pMjkohw) Aqy ‘srGI’ (sMqoK DwlIvwl) Awid nwvlW iv`c mwq
BUmI C`f gey bMdy dw bhu-prqI Aqy bhu-AwXwmI cir`qr pyS hoieAw hY[
smu`cy rUp iv`c ikhw jw skdw hY ik pMjwbI nwvl dI mu`K sur pRgqIvwdI hI rhI hY[
smkwlI nwvl iv`c ivSvIkrn dy nWh muKI pRBwvW nMU vDyry icqirAw igAw hY[QuiVAw tu`itAw bMdw
ies dy kyNdr iv`c hY[cyqnw pRvwh, ipCl Jwq, mnobcnI, svY pVcol vrgIAW jugqW nwl ieh
Awpxw ibrqWqk cOKtw aulIkdw irhw hY[ hry ienklwb dI KVoq kwrn pYdw hoeI ikswnI dI
mMdhwlI, audwrIkrn, in``jIkrn vrgIAW nIqIAW kwrn sDwrn bMdy dI qRwsdI Aqy pMUjIvwdI pRbMD
dy AmwnvI ivhwr nMU ies iv`c pRmu`Kqw imlI hY[ hwSIAwgq siQ`qIAW iv`c jI rhy ikswnW, dilqW,
AOrqW Aqy prvwsI ivAkqI dy iviBMn JoirAW, sMktW Aqy dvMdW dIAW bwrIkIAW nMU smJx v`l
smkwlI nwvl Kws qOr qy ruicq hY[
pMjwb iv`c nwtkI swihq dI isrjxw Aqy rMg mMcI gqIivDIAW sMbMDI keI qrHW dIAW
DwrnwvW pRc`ilq hn[ ie`k Dwrnw ieh hY ik tI.vI. Aqy isnymy dy v`D rhy pRBwv ny pMjwb dIAW
bwkI pRdrSnI klwvW nMU kwPI v`fI Fwh lweI hY, ijs kwrn iehnW nwl juiVAw hoieAw swihq vI
mukwblqn G`t ricAw jwx l`gw hY[ dUjI Dwrnw pMjwbI nwtk Aqy rMg mMc dy ivdvwn fw. sqIS
kumwr vrmw dI hY[ auhnW dw mMnxw hY ik pMjwb dy ieiqhws iv`c bhuq v`fI ‘t`kr qy qxwA’ mOjUd
hn jo iksy vI pRdrSnI klw leI mddgwr ho skdy hn, lyikn swfy nwtk, iPlm iv`c ieh pUrI
qrHW rUpWqirq nhIN huMdy……… pMjwb dw v`fw ieiqhws ipCly 500 swl dw is`K ieiqhws hY, ijs
qy gOrv kIqw jw skdw hY Aqy ieiqhws iv`coN jIvn dIAW v`fIAW kdrW kImqW dy nkS pCwxy jw
skdy hn[ lyikn pRcilq rvwieq Anuswr ieh ieiqhws dy nwiekW dy mMc srUp pyS krn dI mnwhI
hY[ (fw. sqIS kumwr vrmw, smkwlI pMjwbI smwj Aqy pRdrSnI klwvW, smkwlI pMjwbI smwj,
sMpw: fw. DnvMq kOr, pMnw-165-166) ieh vI s`c hY ik pMjwb iv`c pySwvr rMg-mMc dI AxhoNd ny
vI nwtkI swihq dI isrjxw nMU Fwh lweI hY[ pr siQ`qI ieMnI bdqr nhIN hY, ijMnI Awm qOr qy
ibAwnI jWdI hY[ pMjwb dy SONkIAw Aqy pRqIb`D rMg-mMc ny nw qW nwtkI swihq nMU mrn id`qw hY Aqy
nw hI rMg-mMc gqIivDI nUM[ smkwlI pMjwbI nwtk dw bwbw bohV gurSrn isMG pMjwb iv`c nwtkI
Aqy rMgmMcI gqIivDI dw pRmu`K AgrdUq hY[ 30 dy lgBg nwt mMflIAW ies vyly pMjwb iv`c
srgrm hn[ ieh TIk hY ik rMgmMcI sikRAqw dy mukwbly pMjwb iv`c nwtkI swihq dI isrjxw aus
Anupwq iv`c nhIN ho rhI, pr iPr vI gurSrn isMG, Ajmyr AOlK, AwqmjIq, svrwjbIr, crn
dws is`DU, kyvl DwlIvwl, pwlI BuipMdr, bldyv isMG, divMdr dmn, tonI bwiqS, fw. swihb isMG,
 11

hMsw isMG ibAws, fw. sqIS kumwr vrmw, hrkyS cODrI, suirMdr Srmw, qrlocn, sompwl hIrw Aqy
sYmUAl jOn smyq Anyk nwtkkwr Aqy nwt inrdySk pMjwbI rMgmMc dIAW loVW pUrn ih`q nwtkI
swihq vI rc rhy hn Aqy v`fI igxqI iv`c swihqk ikrqW dw nwtkI rUpWqrx vI kr rhy hn[
s`cweI qW ieh hY ik pMjwbI iv`c mOilk nwtkI ikrqW dy mukwbly ADwirq nwtk Aqy nwtkI
rUpWqrx vDyry v`fI igxqI iv`c ricAw jw irhw hY, pr AijhI siQqI dy bwvjUd vI pMjwbI nwtk
dI smwijk pRqIb`Dqw qy koeI ikMqU nhIN kIqw jw skdw[
ies smyN pMjwb ivclw ikswnI dw sMkt pMjwbI nwtk dw mh`qvpUrn mu`dw hY[ Ajmyr AOlK
ricq ‘hnyr koTVI’, ‘ie`k sI dirAw’, ‘ieSk bwJ nmwz dw h`j nwhI’ Aqy virAwm sMDU dI
khwxI qy ADwirq ‘Awpxw Awpxw ih`sw’, svrwj bIr ricq ‘k`lHr’, fw. swihb isMG ricq ‘ie`ko
rwh sv`lVw’, divMdr ricq ‘dldl’, kuldIp isMG dIp duAwrw ricq ‘ibnsy aupjy qyrw Bwxw’
(guridAwl isMG dy nwvl ‘prsw’ qy ADwirq) Aqy nvinMdrw bihl, hrkyS cODrI Aqy suirMdr
Srmw dw ‘swfw j`goN sIr mu`ikAw’ (bldyv DwlIvwl dI khwxI ‘kwrigl’ qy ADwirq) ku`J Aijhy
pRqIin`D nwtk hn, ijnHW ny pMjwb dI ikswnI dIAW smwjk, AwrQk, rwjnIqk Aqy s`iBAwcwrk
prqW nMU ProilAw hY[
pMjwbI nwtk iv`c dUjw mh`qvpUrn mu`dw smwijk cyqnw dw pswr hY, ijs dw ie`k isrw
qrkSIl lihr nwl juiVAw hoieAw hY Aqy dUjw isrw nwrI dmn, BrUx h`iqAw Aqy nSwKorI ijhIAW
jihmqW dI bwq pwauNdw hY[ qrkSIL Aqy ivigAwink soc dw pswr krn vwly nwtkW iv`coN Ajmyr
AOLK ricq ‘byby nI ie`k fwktr AwieAw’ Aqy ‘suMnI ku`K’, qrlocn isMG ricq ‘swV sqI’,
drSn imqvw ricq ‘pRyq’ Aqy gurSrn isMG ricq…… ‘qy dyv purS hwr gey’ Aqy qrlocn isMG
duAwrw suKjIq dIAW khwxIAW qy ADwirq ‘pwqSwh’ Aqy ‘Awdm Kor’ Awid pRmu`K hn[ niSAW dy
mwrU pRBwvW bwry kulivMdr Kihrw ricq ‘AMnHIAW glIAW’ pRvwsI pMjwbIAW v`loN byh`d slwihAw igAw
nwtk hY[ pMjwb iv`c nSy dy v`D rhy Kqrnwk ruJwn bwry hI bldyv isMG dI khwxI qy ADwirq
‘im`tI rudn kry’ nMU ie`k sSkq nwtk ikhw jw skdw hY[ nwrI dmn Aqy nwrI cyqnw dy nwtk vjoN
AwqmjIq ricq ‘mYN qW ie`k swrMgI hW’ Aqy ‘icVIAW’, Ajmyr AOlK ricq ‘inauN jVH’,
svrwjbIr ricq ‘SwierI’ Aqy suKdyv pRIq ricq ‘s`qy kuAwrIAW’ izkrXog nW hn[ BwvyN dilq
cyqnw nwl sMbMiDq mOilk nwtkW dI koeI bhuqI isrjxw ies smyN nhIN ho rhI, pr bhuq A`Cy nwtkI
rUpWqrn zrUr swhmxy Aw rhy hn[ Em pRkwS bwlmIkI dI svY-jIvnI Aqy ADwirq sYmUAl jOn dw
‘jUT’[ khwxI ‘GisAw hoieAw AwdmI’ qy ADwirq sYmUAl jOn dw ‘GisAw hoieAw AwdmI’, lwl
 12

isMG idl dI svY-jIvnI qy ADwirq sompwl hIrw dw ‘dwsqwn-ey-lwl isMG idl’, srvmIq dI
khwxI ‘klHwx’, gurSrn isMG dw ‘nvW jnm’ Aqy gurmIq kiVAwlvI dIAW khwxIAW qy ADwirq
suKivMdr isMG pwqVW dw ‘nmolIAW’ ku`J sPl nwtkI rUpWqrn hn[ dilq cyqnw nwl sMbMiDq mOilk
nwtkW iv`coN hrmyS mwlVI ricq ‘jMg myry ipMf qoN SurU hovygI’ sB qoN v`D cricq Aqy izkrXog nW
hY[
smkwlI pMjwbI nwtk iv`c ie`k v`fI igxqI auhnW nwtkW dI hY, ijnHW nUM smkwl nMU sMboiDq
ieiqhwsk Aqy rwjnIqk nwtkW dI SRyxI iv`c r`iKAw jw skdw hY[ Aijhy nwtkW dw ivSw vsqU qW
BwvyN ieiqhws iv`coN ilAw igAw huMdw hY, pr ienHW rwhIN ieiqhws dy ku`J aujvl qy hnyry p`KW nMU ies
qrHW auBwirAw igAw huMdw hY qW jo AsIN Awpxy smkwl nMU smJx leI ieiqhws qoN koeI idSw inrdyS
lY skIey[ swihq AkwdmI purskwr pRwpq AwqmjIq ricq ‘q`qI qvI dw s`c’, gurSrn isMG ricq
‘Dmk ngwry dI’, ‘cWdnI cONk qoN srhMd q`k’, Ajmyr AOLK ricq ‘Avysly X`uDW dI nwiekw’ Aqy
‘lohy dw p`uq’, kyvl DwlIvwl dw ‘ieiqhws dy sPy qy’, pwlI BuipMdr dw ShId Bgq isMG dy jIvn
nwl sMbMiDq ‘mYN iPr AwvWgw’, hrkyS cODrI ricq ‘gwQw kwlypwxIAW dI’, suirMdr Srmw dw b`br
AkwlIAW bwry ricq ‘kbhUM nw Cwfy Kyq’ Aqy ShId Bgq isMG bwry pMjwb iv`c sB qoN v`D KyifAw
jwx vwlw divMdr dmn ricq ‘iCpx qoN pihlW’ ies kVI dy pRmu`K nwtk hn[ pMjwb iv`c ipCly do
dhwikAW iv`c ku`J Aijhy nwtkI rUpWqrn vI swhmxy Awey hn, ijs nMU ivvsQw qy ivAMg dI SRyxI
iv`c r`iKAw jw skdw hY[ ienHW iv`coN sB qoN v`D mkbUl ikRSn cMdr dI khwxI ‘gVHw’ qy ADwirq
jiqMdr brwV ricq nwtk ‘toAw’ hY[ virAwm sMDU dI khwxI ‘B`jIAW bwhIN’ qy ADwirq Ajmyr
AOlK dw ‘B`jIAW bwhIN’, suKpwl sMGyVw dI pusqk ‘dihSq psMd dI fwierI’ qy ADwirq hrkyS
cODrI ricq ‘auhnW idnW dI Xwd’ Aqy im`qr sYn mIq dy nwvl ‘kithrw’ qy ADwirq gurSrn isMG
ricq ‘kWqw’ pRmu`K hn[
ies qrHW pwpUlr klcr Aqy ielYktRoink mIifAw dy ies dOr iv`c jdoN smu`cy dyS iv`c
nwtkI srgrmI m`TI peI hY qW pMjwbI nwtk hwr mMnx dI bjwie ku`J ku isrVI nwtkkwrW, nwt
inrdySkW Aqy rMgkrmIAW dy blbUqy Awpxy smwijk pRqIb`Dqw vwlI pCwx smyq AwpxI hoNd Aqy
ies dy jlO nMU bcweI r`Kx leI lgwqwr jUJ irhw hY[
smkwlI pMjwbI vwrqk mu`K rUp iv`c inbMD, jIvnI, svYjIvnI, sPrnwmw, ryKw icqr Aqy
mulwkwqW vrgIAW vwrqk vMngIAW rwhIN hI Awpxw srUp isrj rhI hY[ swfy smkwl iv`c pMjwbI
bMdw ijMnw dvMdW / sMktW dy snmu`K hY, aunHW dI nivrqI Aqy inSwndyhI leI idSw inrdyS dyx vwly
 13

inbMD BwvyN bhuqI mwqrw iv`c pRwpq nhIN huMdy pr iPr vI siQ`qI bhuqI inrwSwjnk nhIN hY[
smkwlI dOr iv`c ijhVy lyKk ieh kwrj inBw rhy hn auh izkrXog hn[ fw. nirMdr isMG kpUr
(fUMGIAW isKrW, rwh rsqy Awhmo swhmxy, bUhy-bwrIAW, suKn-sunyhy), pUrn isMG (swieMs dw sMswr,
suMdrqw Aqy AwnMd, sMGrS, SkqI-ie`k dwrSink AiDAYn), AmrjIq cMdn (inSwnI,PYlsUPIAW),
guridAwl isMG (duKIAw dws kbIr hY), tI.Awr.Srmw (suPinAW qoN nw froN), Em pRkwS gwso
(PlorMjnI Pu`L), gurbKS BMfwl (rMgW dw dirAw, AsIsW qy Awsn,Gr Ardws kry), surjn jIrvI
(ieh hY bwrbI sMswr), jsvMq dId (DrqI hor pry…), jsvMq isMG nykI (sdw ivgws), fw. hrcMd
isMG srihMdI (syDW qy sunyhy), sukIrq (bwq ie`k bIqy dI), primMdr soFI (r`b dy fwkIey), crnjIq
Bu`lr (Ku`lHI iKVkI), suSIl dusWJ (AwKW jIvW), divMdrpwl isMG (qUPwn qoN pihlW) qoN ielwvw
kulbIr isMG kWg, kYlwS purI, hrIS mlhoqrw, fw. svrwj isMG, pRIqm is`DU, brijMdr hmdrd,
inMdr GuigAwxvI, fw. gurcrn isMG AOlK Aqy fw. kMvljIq grovr Awid pRmu`K inbMDkwr hn[
svYjIvnI vI smkwlI pMjwbI swihq dI mh`qvpUrn ivDw bxdI jw rhI hY[ ies smyN
svYjIvnI ilKx dy ruJwn mu`K qOr qy iqMn pRkwr dy hn- (1) AwpxI ie`Cw Anuswr ilK geI
svYjIvnI (2) Akwdimk Aqy hor AdwirAW dI mMg qy ilKI geI swihiqk svYjIvnI (3) Anuvwidq
svYjIvnIAW [smkwlI dOr iv`c igxnXog mh`qvpUrn svYjIvnIkwr Aqy aunHW dIAW svYjIvnIAW
ies pRkwr hn- sMqoK isMG DIr (bRihspqI), fw. hirBjn isMG (colw twkIAW vwlw), guridAwl
isMG (inAwx m`qIAW, dUjI dyhI), blvMq gwrgI (nMgI Du`p), pRo. pRIqm isMG (k`cIAW p`kIAW dy
BwA), rwm srUp AxKI (mlHy JwVIAW), s.s. jOhl (rMgW dI gwgr), AYs. qrsym (k`cI im`tI p`kw
rMg), pRgt is`DU (bUMd bUMd fu`lHdI izMdgI), lwl isMG idl (dwsqwn), kuldIp klpnw (ilKIAW
AxilKIAW), inrMjn qsnIm (Awieny dy rubrU), bldyv isMG (hm hYN igAwnhIn AigAwnI), pRym
pRkwS (Awqm mwXw), blbIr mwDopurI (CWigAw ru`K), Ajmyr AOlK (myrI nwt Xwqrw), rGubIr FMf
(aumroN lMmI bwq), bicMq kOr (pgfMfIAW, dsqUr-ey-izMdgI), dlIp kOr itvwxw (nMgy pYrW dw sPr,
pIly p`iqAW dI dwsqwn, pUCqy ho qo suno), AjIq kOr (KwnwbdoS, kUVw kbwVw) Aqy guridAwl dlwl
(CwqI AMdrly Qyh) Awid smkwlI pMjwbI svY-jIvnI swihq dIAW igxnXog pRwpqIAW hn[ svY-
jIvnI swihq dy mukwblqn jIvnI dI vwrqk ivDw smkwlI dOr iv`c Awpxy vjUd dI slwmqI leI
sMGrSSIl hY[ smkwlI dOr dy sDwrn nwiek dy jIvn dy sMGrS dy ieiqhws Aqy mh`qv nUM pwTkW
q`k sMcwrn leI aunHW krmSIl lyKkW dI zrUrq hY jo q`QW, vyrivAW, XwdW Aqy swDnW rwhIN ies
qrHW jIvnI nUM ibAwn kry ik ieh skwrQ jIvn dw sihjy hI sMcwr kr sky[ ku`J sPl jIvnIAW jo
 14

mkbUl hoeIAW kulbIr isMG ricq ‘siq mwrg dw pWDI-Bgq pUrn isMG’, ibkrm isMG GuMmx ricq
‘sMq bwbw ivswKw isMG’, virAwm sMDU ricq ‘kuSqI dw DrU qwrw: krqwr isMG’ Aqy gurdIp isMG
purI ricq ‘dysI pirMdy prvwsI prvwz’ Awid hn[ jIvnI ilKvwaux dw vDyry kwrj pMjwb iv`c
XUnIvristIAW Aqy ku`J hor AdwirAW v`loN kIqw jw irhw hY[
smkwlI pMjwbI vwrqk swihq dI AglI mh`qvpUrn ivDw ryKw ic`qr dI hY [ ies ivDw
rwhIN iksy ivAkqI ivSyS dw sKSI ibMb auswrn dw kwrj kIqw jWdw hY [ gurbcn (swihq dy
iskMdr, iks iks qrHW dy iskMdr), gurbcn Bu`lr (kbr ijMnW dI jIvy hU), mohn BMfwrI (bydI ijsy
kihqy hY), ijMdr (kvwsI rotI), gurmyl mfwhV (klmI XoDy) , pRo. pRIqm isMG (mUrqW), gurbcn
(swihqnwmw, swihq dy iskMdr), mohnjIq (gUVI ilKq vwlw vrkw), iekbwl mwhl (surW dy
sudwgr), inMdr GuigAwxvI (s`jx myry rMgly) Awid smkwlI dOr dy pRis`D ryKw iMc`qr ilKx vwly
vwrqkkwr hn[
mulwkwq smkwlI vwrqk dI mh`qvpUrn ivDw bxdI jw rhI hY[cricq SKSIAqW bwry jwxn
dI ie`Cw,vwrqwlwpI Aqy pRSnoqr dI ivDI ies ivDw nUM mkbUl krn iv`c shweI huMdI hY[ bldyv
isMG ricq ‘vwrqwlwp, Avqwr jMifAwlvI ricq ‘mwieAw jwl’, pRIqm isMG kYNbo ricq ‘isrjx qy
sMvwd’, myjr mWgt ricq ‘Awhmxy-swhmxy’, AmrjIq cMdn ricq ‘hux iKx’ Awid mulwkwqW qy
ADwirq cricq pusqkW hn[
smkwlI pMjwbI vwrqk iv`c ivAMg swihq dI isrjnw vI ho rhI hY[ ky.AYl.grg ies
Kyqr iv`c Awpxy hws ivAMg Aqy tkor ivDI kwrn ivSyS sQwn r`Kdw hY[ ‘dyK kbIrw h`isAw’,
‘SYqwn dI fwierI’, ‘KrIAW KotIAW’, ‘BwaU jMgI rwm’, ‘SrDWjlI’ Aqy ‘qrvMjw p`qy’ aus dIAW
pRmu`K rcnwvW hn[ AYm.ky rwhI (ie`k AjUbw hor), jnmyjw jOhl (kwlIAw lIrW) Awid ies rUpwkwr
dy mh`qvpUrn isrjk hn[
smkwlI dOr iv`c vwrqk swihq dIAW hor vMngIAW dy nwl sPrnwmw dI ivDw vDyry ivksq
huMdI nzr Aw rhI hY[ pMjwbI sPrnwmw swihq iv`c knyfw, AmrIkw, cIn, rUs, pwiksqwn, nwrvy,
mlySIAw Aqy d`KxI Bwrq Awid nwl sMbMiDq Anyk sPrnwmy iml jWdy hn[virAwm sMDU ricq
‘prdysI pMjwb’ sPrnwmw 1997 ivc imlvwkI ivKy hoeI ivSv pMjwbI kwnPrMs dOrwn p`CmI iK`qy dI
Xwqrw dw ibAwn hY [ies ivc lyKk prvwsI pMjwbI bMdy nUM Anyk pRkwr dIAW Ku`lW dy nwl-nwl
keI sMktW ivc iGry hoey mihsUs krdw hY[bldyv isMG DwlIvwl Awpxy sPrnwimAW ‘moqIAW dI
cog’ Aqy ‘Qymz nwl vgidAW’ ivc pUrb Aqy p`Cm dI qulnw kridAW iehnw dy AwpsI sbMDW nUM
 15

pyS krdw hY[fw.vnIqw Awpxy sPrnwmy ‘myrI cIn Xwqrw’ ivc kwrjSIl ieiqhwsk/AwriQk/rwjsI
qMdW nUM PVn leI sucyq Xqn kr rhI hY[suKpwl isMG iQMd ny Awpxy sPrnwmy ivc lMMfn nMU bhup`KI
idRStI qoo N dyKidAW hoieAW pUrb qy p`Cm dy sMklp nMU dvMdvwdI zwvIey qoN vyiKAw hY[ies qoN ielwvw
‘myrI knyfw PyrI’(pRIqmis`DU), ‘Poks’(hrjIq Atvwl), ‘mYN ievyN vyiKAw pwiksqwn’ (bldyv isMG),
‘mogw-isMGwpur vwieAw cIn’ (sul`Kx srh`dI), ‘jMgl-jMgl prbq prbq’ (mnmohn bwvw) Awid
smkwlI pMjwbI sPrnwmw swihq nUM nvyN pwswr pRdwn kr rhy hn[

ies pRkwr smkwlI pMjwbI swihq smkwlI siQqIAW dw vrnx qW hY hI,pr nwl hI ienHW
siQqIAW pRqI Awpxy pRqIkrm drj krvwauNdw hoieAw, pMjwbI smwj Aqy siBAwcwr dy Anyk
pihlUAW dy dIdwr vI krvw irhw hY [