Grade 8 Math: Complete Study Guide

Concepts & Explanation

Laws of exponents and their applications.

Prime factorization, LCM, and HCF calculations.

Concept of significant figures and scientific notation.

Operations with surds and indices.

Examples with stepwise solutions.

Practice Questions:
1. 1. Simplify: (3^5 * 3^2) / (3^3).
2. 2. Express (27^(1/3) * 8^(1/3)) in simplified form.
3. 3. Solve for x: 5^(x+1) = 125.
4. 4. Convert 0.272727... into a fraction.
5. 5. Prove that the sum of a rational and an irrational number is irrational.
6. 6. Find the unit digit of 9^25.
7. 7. Find the smallest number that must be multiplied to 180 to make it a perfect square.
8. 8. Express 256^(3/4) in simplest form.
9. 9. Find the remainder when 7^100 is divided by 5.
10. 10. Solve: (81^(1/4) * 16^(1/4)) / (9^(1/2)).
11. 11. Find the missing term in the sequence: 3, 6, 12, __, 48, 96.
12. 12. Prove that 5^(1/2) + 2^(1/2) is irrational.
13. 13. Find the LCM and HCF of 180 and 225 using prime factorization.
14. 14. Find the largest four-digit number that is a perfect cube.
15. 15. Find the last two digits of 8^20.
16. 16. Find the sum of all prime numbers between 1 and 50.
17. 17. Evaluate: (64^0.5 + 36^0.5) / (100^0.5 - 16^0.5).
18. 18. Find the number of factors of 1200.
19. 19. Prove that there are infinitely many prime numbers.
20. 20. Find the remainder when 3^40 is divided by 7.
21. 21. If a = 2^(1/3) and b = 2^(1/6), express (a/b)^6 in simplest form.
22. 22. Express 343^(2/3) in simplest form.
23. 23. Find the number of trailing zeros in 50!.
24. 24. Find the largest 3-digit number that is a perfect square.
25. 25. Find the unit digit of (13^27 + 17^35).
26. 26. Find the greatest integer less than (7^0.5 + 5^0.5)^2.
Concepts & Explanation
Understanding algebraic expressions and their operations.

Concept of polynomials, degrees, and coefficients.

Factoring and expansion of algebraic expressions.

Solving quadratic equations using different methods.

Concept of roots and their sum/product relationships.

Examples with stepwise solutions.

Practice Questions:
1. 1. Solve for x: 4x - 3 = 17.
2. 2. Factorize: x^2 - 7x + 12.
3. 3. Find the remainder when x^3 - 4x + 5 is divided by (x - 2).
4. 4. Solve: 2x + 3y = 12 and 4x - y = 5.
5. 5. Find the sum and product of roots of x^2 - 7x + 10 = 0.
6. 6. Solve: (x+3)(x-2) > 0.
7. 7. Find the value of k for which the roots of x^2 + kx + 9 = 0 are equal.
8. 8. Prove that the roots of x^2 - px + q = 0 satisfy the relation α² + β² = p² - 2q.
9. 9. If (x - 4) is a factor of 3x^2 - 7x - k, find k.
10. 10. Expand and simplify: (x+2)(x-3)(x+4).
11. 11. Find all integral solutions for (x-2)(x+5) = 0.
12. 12. Find the maximum value of 5 - x^2.
13. 13. Find the minimum value of x^2 + 4x + 5.
14. 14. Prove: (a+b)^2 - (a-b)^2 = 4ab.
15. 15. Solve the quadratic equation: x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0.
16. 16. Find the sum of squares of the roots of x^2 - 6x + 8 = 0.
17. 17. If α and β are roots of x^2 - 3x + 2 = 0, find α^3 + β^3.
18. 18. Find the number of real solutions for x^2 + 3x + 5 = 0.
19. 19. Find the roots of 2x^2 - 3x - 2 = 0 using the quadratic formula.
20. 20. If p and q are roots of x^2 - 4x + 3 = 0, evaluate p^3 + q^3.
21. 21. Factorize: 2x^3 + 3x^2 - 2x - 3.
22. 22. Solve: x^2 + 5x - 14 = 0 using the quadratic formula.
23. 23. Find the remainder when x^4 - 5x^3 + 6x - 2 is divided by (x - 1).
24. 24. Find the number of terms in the expansion of (x + y)^10.
25. 25. Solve: 3x^2 - 4x - 7 = 0 using the quadratic formula.
26. 26. Find the sum of all coefficients in the expansion of (x - 3)^5.
27. 27. Find the number of real roots of x^4 - 4x^2 + 3 = 0.
28. 28. If α and β are roots of x^2 - 4x + 5 = 0, find α^2 + β^2.
29. 29. Find the sum of coefficients of (x - 2)^6.
Concepts & Explanation
Understanding the Cartesian Plane and coordinate system.

Plotting points and finding distances between them.

Midpoint and section formulas.

Equation of a straight line in different forms.

Slope of a line and its significance.

Graphing linear equations and identifying key properties.

Examples with stepwise solutions.

Practice Questions:
30. 1. Find the distance between the points (3,4) and (-2,1).
31. 2. Find the midpoint of the segment joining (-3,5) and (7,-1).
32. 3. Determine the slope of the line passing through (4,2) and (6,8).
33. 4. Find the equation of the line passing through (3,5) with slope -2.
34. 5. Find the coordinates of the centroid of the triangle with vertices (2,3), (4,5), and (6,7).
35. 6. Determine whether the points A(1,2), B(3,4), and C(5,6) are collinear.
36. 7. Find the x-intercept and y-intercept of the equation 3x - 4y + 12 = 0.
37. 8. Find the equation of the line passing through the points (1,-2) and (4,3).
38. 9. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining (2,3) and (4,7).
39. 10. If the line 2x + 3y = 6 is parallel to another line 4x + ky = 12, find k.
40. 11. Find the reflection of the point (3,4) over the x-axis.
41. 12. Find the coordinates of a point that divides the line segment joining (-3,5) and (7,-1)
in the ratio 2:3.
42. 13. Find the slope of a line perpendicular to the line 5x - 2y + 7 = 0.
43. 14. Find the area of the triangle formed by the points (1,2), (4,6), and (7,2).
44. 15. Find the equation of a line parallel to y = 3x - 4 and passing through (2,5).
45. 16. Determine if the point (4,-1) lies on the line 2x - y = 9.
46. 17. Find the equation of a line with x-intercept 3 and y-intercept -4.
47. 18. Find the distance between parallel lines 4x - 3y + 8 = 0 and 4x - 3y - 12 = 0.
48. 19. Find the circumcenter of a triangle with vertices (2,3), (4,5), and (6,7).
49. 20. Find the orthocenter of a triangle with vertices (1,2), (3,4), and (5,6).
50. 21. Find the equation of the altitude of a triangle passing through (2,3) and
perpendicular to the line 3x - 4y + 5 = 0.
51. 22. Find the equation of the median of a triangle with vertices (1,2), (3,4), and (5,6).
52. 23. Find the equation of a line that passes through the origin and is perpendicular to the
line 2x - 3y + 7 = 0.
53. 24. Determine the nature of the triangle formed by the points (1,2), (4,6), and (7,2)
using coordinate geometry.
54. 25. Find the equation of a line that makes equal intercepts on the x and y axes and
passes through (2,3).
55. 26. Find the equation of the locus of a point equidistant from the points (4,5) and (2,1).
56. 27. Find the point of intersection of the lines 2x + 3y = 7 and 5x - 4y = 9.
57. 28. Find the equation of a line passing through (3,-2) and making an angle of 45° with
the positive x-axis.
58. 29. If a point (h,k) lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining (3,4) and (-
5,2), show that it satisfies a given equation.

Concepts & Explanation

Important theorems: Pythagoras theorem, congruence, and similarity of triangles.

Area and perimeter formulas for various geometric figures.

Surface area and volume of 3D shapes: cubes, cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Properties of special quadrilaterals: parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium.

Examples with stepwise solutions.

Practice Questions:
59. 1. Prove the Pythagoras theorem using a geometrical approach.
60. 2. Find the area of a triangle with base 12 cm and height 9 cm.
61. 3. Calculate the area and perimeter of a rhombus with diagonals 10 cm and 24 cm.
62. 4. Find the height of a cone with volume 314 cm³ and base radius 5 cm.
63. 5. Find the lateral surface area of a cylinder with radius 7 cm and height 10 cm.
64. 6. Prove that the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.
65. 7. Find the length of the diagonal of a rectangle with length 8 cm and width 6 cm.
66. 8. Find the radius of a sphere with volume 288π cm³.
67. 9. A circular garden has a radius of 14 m. Find its area and circumference.
68. 10. Find the number of tiles needed to cover a floor of dimensions 15m × 12m if each
tile is 30 cm × 30 cm.
69. 11. Prove that the sum of the interior angles of a pentagon is 540°.
70. 12. A cone and a cylinder have the same base radius and height. Find the ratio of their
volumes.
71. 13. Find the angle between the diagonals of a rhombus if each diagonal is 20 cm.
72. 14. A square and a rectangle have the same perimeter. Which has a larger area?
73. 15. Find the height of an equilateral triangle with side length 10 cm.
74. 16. A water tank is in the shape of a cuboid with dimensions 8m × 5m × 3m. Find its
volume.
75. 17. Find the perimeter of a sector of a circle with radius 7 cm and central angle 60°.
76. 18. Find the volume of a hemisphere with radius 6 cm.
77. 19. Prove that the medians of a triangle intersect at a single point called the centroid.
78. 20. A cylinder and a sphere have the same radius. If their heights are also equal, which
has more volume?
79. 21. Find the surface area of a cuboid with dimensions 4 cm, 5 cm, and 6 cm.
80. 22. The base of a prism is a hexagon. If the base area is 30 cm² and the height is 12 cm,
find the volume.
81. 23. A cone has a slant height of 13 cm and a base radius of 5 cm. Find its curved surface
area.
82. 24. A cylinder with a diameter of 10 cm is completely filled with water. How many
smaller cylinders of diameter 5 cm can be filled?
83. 25. Find the area of a trapezium with parallel sides of lengths 8 cm and 12 cm and height
5 cm.
84. 26. Find the diagonal of a square with side length 10 cm.
85. 27. A wire of length 88 cm is bent into a circle. Find the radius of the circle.
86. 28. Find the total surface area of a cube with edge length 9 cm.
87. 29. A sphere is melted and recast into 8 smaller spheres of equal size. Find the radius of
each smaller sphere if the original sphere had a radius of 6 cm.

Concepts & Explanation

Important theorems: Pythagoras theorem, congruence, and similarity of triangles.

Area and perimeter formulas for various geometric figures.

Surface area and volume of 3D shapes: cubes, cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Properties of special quadrilaterals: parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium.

Examples with stepwise solutions.

Practice Questions:
88. 1. Prove the Pythagoras theorem using a geometrical approach.
89. 2. Find the area of a triangle with base 12 cm and height 9 cm.
90. 3. Calculate the area and perimeter of a rhombus with diagonals 10 cm and 24 cm.
91. 4. Find the height of a cone with volume 314 cm³ and base radius 5 cm.
92. 5. Find the lateral surface area of a cylinder with radius 7 cm and height 10 cm.
93. 6. Prove that the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.
94. 7. Find the length of the diagonal of a rectangle with length 8 cm and width 6 cm.
95. 8. Find the radius of a sphere with volume 288π cm³.
96. 9. A circular garden has a radius of 14 m. Find its area and circumference.
97. 10. Find the number of tiles needed to cover a floor of dimensions 15m × 12m if each
tile is 30 cm × 30 cm.
98. 11. Prove that the sum of the interior angles of a pentagon is 540°.
99. 12. A cone and a cylinder have the same base radius and height. Find the ratio of their
volumes.
100. 13. Find the angle between the diagonals of a rhombus if each diagonal is 20 cm.
101. 14. A square and a rectangle have the same perimeter. Which has a larger area?
102. 15. Find the height of an equilateral triangle with side length 10 cm.
103. 16. A water tank is in the shape of a cuboid with dimensions 8m × 5m × 3m. Find its
volume.
104. 17. Find the perimeter of a sector of a circle with radius 7 cm and central angle 60°.
105. 18. Find the volume of a hemisphere with radius 6 cm.
106. 19. Prove that the medians of a triangle intersect at a single point called the
centroid.
107. 20. A cylinder and a sphere have the same radius. If their heights are also equal,
which has more volume?
108. 21. Find the surface area of a cuboid with dimensions 4 cm, 5 cm, and 6 cm.
109. 22. The base of a prism is a hexagon. If the base area is 30 cm² and the height is 12
cm, find the volume.
110. 23. A cone has a slant height of 13 cm and a base radius of 5 cm. Find its curved
surface area.
111. 24. A cylinder with a diameter of 10 cm is completely filled with water. How many
smaller cylinders of diameter 5 cm can be filled?
112. 25. Find the area of a trapezium with parallel sides of lengths 8 cm and 12 cm and
height 5 cm.
113. 26. Find the diagonal of a square with side length 10 cm.
114. 27. A wire of length 88 cm is bent into a circle. Find the radius of the circle.
115. 28. Find the total surface area of a cube with edge length 9 cm.
116. 29. A sphere is melted and recast into 8 smaller spheres of equal size. Find the
radius of each smaller sphere if the original sphere had a radius of 6 cm.

Concepts & Explanation

Basic probability rules and fundamental concepts.

Types of data: mean, median, mode, and range.

Probability experiments and real-life applications.

Examples with stepwise solutions.

Practice Questions:
117. 1. A bag contains 5 red, 4 blue, and 3 green balls. A ball is drawn at random. What is
the probability of getting a red ball?
118. 2. A coin is tossed twice. Find the probability of getting at least one head.
119. 3. A number is chosen at random from 1 to 50. What is the probability that it is a
multiple of 7?
120. 4. Two dice are rolled together. What is the probability of getting a sum of 8?
121. 5. Find the probability of drawing a king from a standard deck of 52 playing cards.
122. 6. A bag contains 8 white and 6 black balls. If one ball is drawn randomly, find the
probability of getting a black ball.
123. 7. A student is chosen randomly from a class of 40 students. If 18 students wear
glasses, what is the probability of selecting a student who wears glasses?
124. 8. Find the mean of the numbers: 12, 15, 18, 22, 25.
125. 9. Find the median of the data set: 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20.
126. 10. Find the mode of the data set: 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8.
127. 11. The marks obtained by students in a test are: 45, 50, 55, 50, 60, 55, 50, 70, 75.
Find the mode.
128. 12. A fair die is rolled. What is the probability of getting a prime number?
129. 13. The mean of five numbers is 24. If four of the numbers are 18, 22, 25, and 27,
find the fifth number.
130. 14. Find the probability of drawing an ace from a deck of 52 cards.
131. 15. A survey showed that 40% of students prefer math over other subjects. If 500
students were surveyed, how many students prefer math?
132. 16. A coin is tossed 3 times. Find the probability of getting exactly 2 heads.
133. 17. A bag contains 7 green, 5 blue, and 8 red balls. A ball is drawn randomly. Find
the probability of drawing a blue ball.
134. 18. The following are the ages of 10 students: 12, 13, 15, 14, 13, 12, 16, 14, 15, 13.
Find the mean, median, and mode.
135. 19. Find the probability of selecting an even number from the first 20 natural
numbers.
136. 20. A student appeared in 5 exams and scored the following marks: 78, 85, 90, 88,
84. Find the average score.
137. 21. A spinner is divided into 6 equal parts numbered 1 to 6. Find the probability of
spinning an even number.
138. 22. Find the probability of randomly selecting a vowel from the word
'MATHEMATICS'.
139. 23. A school conducted a survey on favorite sports. Out of 200 students, 80
preferred cricket, 50 preferred football, and 70 preferred basketball. Find the
probability of selecting a student who prefers football.
140. 24. The temperature (in °C) recorded over 5 days was: 28, 30, 27, 29, 31. Find the
mean temperature.
141. 25. Find the probability of getting a number greater than 4 when a fair die is rolled.
142. 26. A class has 30 students. If 12 are girls, what is the probability of selecting a boy?
143. 27. A coin is flipped 4 times. Find the probability of getting at least one tail.
144. 28. The median of the data set: 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 is __?
145. 29. The mode of the following numbers: 4, 6, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 12, 12 is __?
Concepts & Explanation
Understanding inequalities and their properties.

Solving linear inequalities in one and two variables.

Graphical representation of inequalities.

Translating word problems into inequalities.

Logical reasoning and problem-solving strategies.

Examples with stepwise solutions.

Practice Questions:
146. 1. Solve the inequality: 3x - 5 > 7.
147. 2. Solve: 5x + 2 ≤ 3x + 8.
148. 3. Find the solution set for: -2x + 6 > 10.
149. 4. Solve and graph: 4x - 1 ≤ 3x + 2.
150. 5. Find all integer solutions for: 2x - 7 < 11.
151. 6. A number is 5 more than twice another number. If their sum is at most 35, find
the possible values of the numbers.
152. 7. Solve for x: -3(x - 2) ≥ 2x - 8.
153. 8. Find the range of values satisfying: 7 - 3x ≤ 4x + 1.
154. 9. The sum of two numbers is at most 50. One number is twice the other. Find the
range of possible values.
155. 10. Solve: 2(x - 4) > x + 3.
156. 11. Graph the inequality: y > 2x - 5.
157. 12. Solve and represent on a number line: -4x + 6 ≤ 2.
158. 13. Find the possible values of x: 5x + 4 > 2x + 10.
159. 14. If a company sells x units of a product, the profit is given by P = 50x - 200. Find
the values of x for which the company makes a profit.
160. 15. A shopkeeper must sell at least 30 items per day to make a profit. On a particular
day, he sold x items, and x > 30. Express this situation as an inequality.
161. 16. The perimeter of a rectangle is at most 50 cm. If its length is 3 times its width,
find the possible dimensions.
162. 17. A train travels at a speed of x km/h. If it must reach its destination within 5
hours and the distance is 400 km, write an inequality for x.
163. 18. A number is decreased by 8 and then multiplied by 3. The result is at least 21.
Find the number.
164. 19. In a competition, the minimum qualifying score is 75. If a student scores x marks,
express the qualifying condition as an inequality.
165. 20. Find the set of integer solutions for: -2x + 7 > 3x - 8.
166. 21. A rectangular plot has an area of at most 100 m². If its width is 5 meters, find the
possible lengths.
167. 22. Solve: 2(x + 3) ≤ 5x - 4.
168. 23. Find the largest integer satisfying: 3x - 2 < 20.
169. 24. A delivery company charges Rs. 50 plus Rs. 10 per kg for shipping a package. The
total cost should not exceed Rs. 150. Write an inequality and solve for the maximum
weight.
170. 25. Solve: -5x + 3 ≥ -2x - 6.
171. 26. Find the domain for which the inequality x² - 5x + 6 < 0 holds.
172. 27. A person earns Rs. 20 per hour. If they need at least Rs. 500, how many hours
must they work?
173. 28. Graph the solution set for: y ≤ -x + 4.
174. 29. Find the range of x satisfying: 3x + 7 > 2(x + 4).