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Learn SQL_ Multiple Tables Cheatsheet _ Codecademy

The document provides an overview of SQL concepts related to multiple tables, including various types of joins such as outer join, left join, inner join, and cross join. It explains the use of the WITH clause for temporary tables, the UNION clause for combining results from multiple SELECT statements, and the roles of primary and foreign keys in database relationships. Each concept is illustrated with example SQL queries to demonstrate their application.

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Learn SQL_ Multiple Tables Cheatsheet _ Codecademy

The document provides an overview of SQL concepts related to multiple tables, including various types of joins such as outer join, left join, inner join, and cross join. It explains the use of the WITH clause for temporary tables, the UNION clause for combining results from multiple SELECT statements, and the roles of primary and foreign keys in database relationships. Each concept is illustrated with example SQL queries to demonstrate their application.

Uploaded by

maurofdd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn SQL

Multiple Tables

Outer Join

An outer join will combine rows from different tables even if the join condition is SELECT column_name(s)
not met. In a LEFT JOIN , every row in the left table is returned in the result set,
FROM table1
and if the join condition is not met, then NULL values are used to fill in the
columns from the right table. LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;

WITH Clause

The WITH clause stores the result of a query in a temporary table WITH temporary_movies AS (
( temporary_movies ) using an alias.
SELECT *
Multiple temporary tables can be defined with one instance of the WITH
keyword. FROM movies
)
SELECT *
FROM temporary_movies
WHERE year BETWEEN 2000 AND 2020;

UNION Clause

The UNION clause is used to combine results that appear from multiple SELECT name
SELECT statements and filter duplicates.
FROM first_names
For example, given a first_names table with a column name containing rows of
data “James” and “Hermione”, and a last_names table with a column name UNION
containing rows of data “James”, “Hermione” and “Cassidy”, the result of this SELECT name
query would contain three name s: “Cassidy”, “James”, and “Hermione”. FROM last_names

CROSS JOIN Clause

The CROSS JOIN clause is used to combine each row from one table with each SELECT shirts.shirt_color,
row from another in the result set. This JOIN is helpful for creating all possible
pants.pants_color
combinations for the records (rows) in two tables.
The given query will select the shirt_color and pants_color columns from the FROM shirts
result set, which will contain all combinations of combining the rows in the shirts CROSS JOIN pants;
and pants tables. If there are 3 different shirt colors in the shirts table and 5
different pants colors in the pants table then the result set will contain 3 x 5 = 15
rows.
Foreign Key

A foreign key is a reference in one table’s records to the primary key of another
table. To maintain multiple records for a specific row, the use of foreign key plays a
vital role. For instance, to track all the orders of a specific customer, the table
order (illustrated at the bottom of the image) can contain a foreign key.

Primary Key

A primary key column in a SQL table is used to uniquely identify each record in that
table. A primary key cannot be NULL . In the example, customer_id is the
primary key. The same value cannot re-occur in a primary key column. Primary
keys are often used in JOIN operations.

Inner Join

The JOIN clause allows for the return of results from more than one table by SELECT *
joining them together with other results based on common column values specified
FROM books
using an ON clause. INNER JOIN is the default JOIN and it will only return
results matching the condition specified by ON . JOIN authors
ON books.author_id = authors.id;

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