Integral Formulas
Integral Formulas
Basic Integrals:
∫ a dx = ax + C
∫ x^n dx = (x^(n+1)) / (n+1) + C, (n ≠ -1)
∫ dx / x = ln|x| + C
Trigonometric Integrals:
∫ sin x dx = -cos x + C
∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
∫ sec^2 x dx = tan x + C
∫ csc^2 x dx = -cot x + C
∫ sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
∫ csc x cot x dx = -csc x + C
Special Integrals:
∫ sqrt(a^2 - x^2) dx = (a^2 / 2) sin^(-1) (x / a) + (x / 2) sqrt(a^2 - x^2) + C
∫ dx / (x^2 + a^2) = (1 / a) tan^(-1) (x / a) + C
∫ dx / (x^2 - a^2) = (1 / 2a) ln |(x-a) / (x+a)| + C