STATISTICS

Concept -
Mean, Median and Mode are three measures of central tendency, and these are the
important topics in statistics. In this article, you will get mean, median, and mode
questions and answers, along with some practice questions. These questions and
answers will help you to practise for the board exams. Also, these questions cover
various types of problems asked on mean, median and mode for Classes 9 and 10.
What is the mean formula?
As we know, the mean is the average of the given data set. This can be calculated using
the formula given below.

Mean for ungrouped data =

∑ of observations
Number of observations
Click here to get more information about mean.
What is the formula for the median?
The median is the middlemost data value of an ordered data set. This can be estimated
using the formulas given below.
When n is odd:
(n+1) th
Median = observation
2
When n is even:

Median = ( n2 ) th observation+{( n2 )+1 }th observation

2
Learn more about median here.
What is the mode?
Mode is the most frequently occurring value in the data set.
Get more information about mode here.

www.sistec.ac.in Page |1
 STATISTICS

Range - The range in statistics for a given data set is the difference between the
highest and lowest values. For example, if the given data set is {2,5,8,10,3}, then the
range will be 10 – 2 = 8

Relation between Mean Median & Mode – The mean, median, and mode are
related through the empirical relationship, which states that the mode is equal to 3
times the median minus 2 times the mean. This relationship is used to describe the
distribution of data in statistics.

Variance - Variance is defined as, “The measure of how far the set of data is dispersed
from their mean value”. Variance is represented with the symbol σ2. In other words, we
can also say that the variance is the average of the squared difference from the mean.
The mathematical formula to find the variance of the given data is,

www.sistec.ac.in Page |2
 STATISTICS

Where,
 σ2 is the Variance of the Population,
 N is the Number of Observation in the Population,
 Xi is the ith observation in the Population, and
 x̄ is the mean of the Population.

Standard Deviation -How far our given set of data varies along with the mean of the
data is measured in standard deviation. Thus, we define standard deviation as the
“spread of the statistical data from the mean or average position”. We denote the
standard deviation of the data using the symbol σ.
The mathematical formula to find the variance of the given data is,

Where,
 S is the Standard Deviation of the Population,
 N is the Number of Observation in the Population,
 Xi is the ith observation in the Population, and
 X̄ is the mean of the Population

Practice Questions -
1.2Mean –
1. A company has three departments with the following number of employees:
Department A: 40 employees with an average salary of $50,000. Department B: 30
employees with an average salary of $60,00. Department C: 50 employees with an
average salary of $55,000. What is the overall average salary of all employees across
the three departments?
A) $52,000 B) $54,583.33 C) $56,000 D) $53,750

2. The mean of 10 numbers is 25. One of the numbers, 45, is replaced with 35. What is
the new mean?
A) 24 B) 25 C) 26 D) 27

3. The average of 5 consecutive odd numbers is 47. Find the smallest and the largest of
these numbers.
A) 43 B) 44 C) 45 D) 46
4. The mean of 15 numbers is 32. Two numbers, 28 and 36, are removed. What is the
new mean of the remaining numbers?
A) 32 B) 33 C) 34 D) 35

www.sistec.ac.in Page |3
 STATISTICS

5. In a set of 20 numbers, the mean is 45. A new number is added to the set, increasing
the mean to 46. What is the value of the new number?
A) 66 B) 67 C) 68 D) 69

1.3Median –

1. The runs scored by 11 players in the cricket match are as follows: 7, 16, 121, 51,
101, 81, 1, 16, 9, 11, 16. Find the median of the data.
A) 16 B) 17 C) 18 D) 19

2. A dataset contains the following numbers: 12, 15, 17, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45. If
two additional numbers, 22 and 28, are added to the dataset, what is the new
median?
A) 25 B) 34 C) 40 D) 20

3. The median of a dataset with 9 values is 28. If one additional value of 35 is added
to the dataset, how will the median change?
A) Remains the same B) Increases C) Decreases D) Cannot be
determined without all data

4. A company tracks the monthly sales (in $1000) of 15 employees: 12, 15, 18, 20,
22, 25, 28, 30, 32, 35, 38, 40, 42, 45, 50. If the highest sale of $50,000 is
removed, what will be the new median of the dataset?
A) 32 B) 25 C) 18 D) 31.5

5. The following dataset contains 13 values: 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20,
21. If the largest value, 21, is replaced with 25, how does the median change?
A) Increases B) Decreases C) Remains the same D) Cannot
be determined

1.4 Mode –

1. The scores of 15 students in a test are as follows: 85, 90, 88, 85, 92, 88, 87, 85,
90, 88, 92, 87, 88, 90, 85. What is the mode of the scores?

A) 85 B) 87 C) 90 D) 87

2. In a dataset of 12 numbers: 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 18, 20, 20, 22, 22, 25, 25, it is
found that the dataset is bimodal. If one additional value is added to the dataset,
making 25 appear one more time, what will the new mode(s) of the dataset be?

A) 32 B) 25 C) 18 D) 31.5

3. The ages (in years) of people in a group are: 24, 26, 24, 28, 30, 26, 24, 28, 26, 30,
28, 28, 24.

www.sistec.ac.in Page |4
 STATISTICS

If one more person with an age of 26 joins the group, how will the mode of the
dataset change?

A) Remains the same B) Becomes bimodal C) Changes to 26 only D) Cannot be

determined

1.5 Variance –

1. The following data represents the number of goals scored by a soccer team in 7
matches: 2, 3, 5, 3, 4, 4, 6. What is the variance of the number of goals scored?

A) 1.495 B) 1.595 C) 1.695 D) 1.795

2. Find the variance of the dataset: 10, 12, 15, 20, 25.

A) 29.84 B) 39.84 C) 27.84 D) 24.84

3. A dataset has the following values: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11. What is the variance of the
dataset?

A) 8 B) 9 C) 10 D) 12

1.6 Standard Deviation-

1. The ages of 5 people are: 22, 24, 26, 28, 30. What is the standard
deviation of the ages?

A) 2.83 B) 2.75 C) 1.88

D) 3.15

2. The dataset is: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25. Find the standard deviation.

A) 7.32 B) 7.07 C) 8.8 D)

3.15

3. Find the standard deviation of the following numbers: 8, 12, 16, 20, 24.

A) 6.32 B) 6.25 C) 6.18

D) 6.315

4. A dataset contains the following numbers: 7, 9, 13, 17, 21. What is the
standard deviation?

A) 5.32 B) 5.25 C) 5.18

D) 5.74

1.6 Miscellaneous -

1. The variance of a group of values is 19.36. What is its standard deviation?

A) 4.32 B) 4.25 C) 4.18

D) 4.40

www.sistec.ac.in Page |5
 STATISTICS

2. If mean and mode of a data set is 66 and 60 respectively. Find the median of that
data set?

A) 64 B) 66 C) 67 D) 65

3. A company considers the performance of all of its 11 employees on a scale of 60

to 100.The performance evaluations are as listed below: 76, 65, 96, 83, 77, 61,
89, 94, 72, 80 and 95. How many employees have more than median in the
given observations?

A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D) 8

www.sistec.ac.in Page |6