PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITY

ARYAN SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MID BANESHWOR | KATHMANDU

Project-No:1

A
PROPOSAL
ON
“Detailed Analysis, Design and Cost Estimation of Multistoried
Residential Building”
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Requirement of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) in Civil
Engineering Awarded by the Purbanchal University

SUBMITTED BY
GUNJAN SHRESTHA ROLL NO. 11
SOWNU NEUPANE ROLL NO. 35
SURAJ CHAULAGAIN ROLL NO. 40
SALINA TAMANG ROLL NO.
SITA SARU ROLL NO.

APRIL 2025
t

Table of Contents
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Objectives .................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1. General objectives ................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2. Specific objectives ................................................................................................................... 2
2. Literature review ................................................................................................................................... 3
3. Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 5
4. Expected outcomes................................................................................................................................ 6
5. Limitations of the Project ...................................................................................................................... 7
6. Time schedule ....................................................................................................................................... 8
7. General introduction of building ......................................................................................................... 10
8. Architectural drawings ........................................................................................................................ 11
9. Conclusion........................................................................................................................................... 13
10. References ...................................................................................................................................... 14
LIST OF TABLES
 1. Introduction

1.1. Background

1) The project titled “Detailed Analysis, Design, and Cost Estimation of a Multi -
storied Residential Building” focuses on developing a complete structural design
package suitable for real-world implementation. With the rapid urban growth in
Nepal and limited availability of land, the demand for vertical housing solutions
is increasing. Multi-storied residential buildings provide an efficient way to
accommodate more people in a limited space while ensuring safety, comfort, and
functionality.

2) This project aims to analyze the structural system, design each component
(including slabs, beams, columns, and foundations), and estimate the cost of
construction based on prevailing market rates. Special emphasis is placed on
seismic considerations, recognizing that Nepal lies in an active earthquake -prone
zone. Designing a building that complies with the Nepal National Building Code
(NBC) and relevant Indian Standards is a key focus of this study.

3) With the advancement of structural design software and improved engineering

practices, it is now possible to develop safer and more efficient designs. This
project will utilize tools such as ETABS, AutoCAD, and MS Excel for structural
modeling, design, and quantity estimation.

4) The aim of this project is not only academic but also practical, to create a
comprehensive design and estimate that could be used as a guideline for real -
world residential construction in seismic zones like Nepal. This project serves as
both a learning experience and a step toward contributing to safe, economical,
and earthquake-resilient residential construction practices in Nepal.

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1.2. Objectives

1.2.1. General objectives

1. To present detailed designs and drawings for constructing buildings

that are earthquake resistant.

2. To estimate the cost and its rate analysis.

1.2.2. Specific objectives

1. Reviewing of the available architectural drawing.

2. Identification of structural arrangement of the plan.

3. Detailed structural analysis of buildings using computer software.

4. Design of different structural components.

5. Detailing of structural members.

6. Acquire knowledge of earthquake engineering.

7. Better acquaintance with the code provision for reinforced concrete

design.

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 2. Literature review

1. Overview of Residential Construction in Nepal

Residential buildings in Nepal primarily consist of low - to mid-rise structures,

commonly built with brick masonry, reinforced concrete, or stone. Rapid
urbanization, particularly in cities like Kathmandu, Pokhara, and Bharatpur, has led
to a surge in housing demand. However, this growth has often outpaced the
enforcement of building codes and standards, leading to structural vulnerabilities
(Dixit et al., 2013).

2. Nepal Building Code and Regulatory Framework

The Nepal Building Code (NBC), introduced in 1994 and updated subsequently,
provides a framework for safe construction practices, especially in seismic zones.
Relevant codes for residential buildings include:

• NBC 105: Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal – It outlines

earthquake-resistant design principles, crucial due to Nepal ’s location in a
seismically active zone.

• NBC 206: Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings – This covers

structural design requirements for residential buildings using RCC frames.

• NBC 205: Timber Structures and NBC 203: Masonry Structures – For
low-rise or rural housing.

Studies (e.g., Aryal & Gautam, 2018) stress that while the codes exist, enforcement
remains inconsistent, especially in rural and semi -urban areas.

3. Seismic Considerations in Residential Design

Given Nepal’s high seismic risk, especially after the devastating 2015 Gorkha
Earthquake, the importance of resilient structural design has grown significantly.
Research by Bothara and Brzev (2011) emphasizes improving local construction
techniques with proper detailing of reinforcements, ductile joints, and foundation

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design. NBC 105 mandates considerations like lateral load -resisting systems, base
shear calculation, and seismic zoning (Zone V being the most vulnerable).

4. Construction Materials and Local Practices

Most residential buildings in Nepal use burnt clay bricks and RCC. However,
material quality can vary widely, affecting structural performance. Recent research
(Shrestha et al., 2019) has evaluated the compressive strength of locally produced
bricks and concrete, revealing the need for quality control in construction.

In rural areas, stone masonry with mud mortar is still prevalent, despite being non -
compliant with modern seismic design norms. The use of alternative materials such
as earth blocks and bamboo is being explored under sustainable housing initiatives
(UNDP, 2020).

5. Sustainability and Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency is a growing concern, especially in urban centers with high

energy demands. Studies advocate passive solar design, natural ventilation, and
local material used to reduce environmental impact. The concept of “Green Homes”
promoted by organizations like UN -Habitat Nepal is beginning to influence urban
housing projects.

6. Challenges in Code Implementation

Despite the presence of NBC, its implementation faces several challenges:

• Lack of trained manpower and awareness at the grassroots level.

• Limited technical supervision during construction.

• Corruption and informal practices in the municipal approval process

(Subedi & Acharya, 2017).

Efforts by the Department of Urban Development and Building Construction

(DUDBC) and NGOs are working to bridge this gap through training and digital
tools for design verification.

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 3. Methodology

START

Project Selection and

IS 456:2016
scoping
IS 875-1(1987)
NBC 105:2020

IS 456:2016
NBC 105:2020
Study and analysis of
architectural plan

Design, Detail &

Load Assessment Structural Drawing

NO Analysis YES
Preliminary Design of Final Report
of
Structural Modeling structure
Preperation

END
Structural Modeling

Input/defining &
Assigning

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 4. Expected outcomes

1. Conceptual Planning of a Residential Building

A clearly defined conceptual layout for a multi-storied RCC-framed residential
building, providing the basis for structural analysis and design.

2. Understanding of Seismic Design Requirements

Application of relevant building codes such as NBC 105 and IS 456 to ensure
that the conceptual design considers Nepal's seismic vulnerability.

3. Preliminary Structural Planning

Identification of key structural components such as columns, beams, and slabs,
along with considerations for structural configuration suitable for seismic
performance.

4. Modeling for Structural Analysis

Development of a structural model using software tools like ETABS to analyze
the building's response to gravity and lateral loads, especially seismic forces.

5. Compliance with Design Codes

A design approach that reflects proper use of national and international building
codes, ensuring code-compliant planning and analysis.

6. Foundation for Detailed Design Work

A comprehensive framework that can support future stages of architectural
detailing and structural design in real -world applications.

7. Technical and Analytical Skill Development

Enhancement of practical skills in structural modeling, code interpretation, and
critical thinking related to earthquake-resistant building design.

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 5. Limitations of the Project
1. Exclusion of Non-Structural Components
The project focuses solely on the structural aspects of the building. Architectural
design is provided, but services such as electrical systems, plumbing, HVAC,
fire safety, and interior works are not included.

2. Assumed Soil Conditions

In the absence of site-specific geotechnical data, the soil bearing capacity and
other geotechnical parameters are assumed based on standard values. This may
affect the accuracy of foundation design.

3. No On-Site Validation
The analysis and design outcomes are theoretical and based on software
modeling. No physical testing or site-based structural validation is included in
the scope of this project.

4. Cost Estimation Based on Market Averages

The cost estimation is prepared using average market rates and standard
assumptions. Regional price fluctuations, transportation costs, labor availability,
and inflation are not considered.

5. Static and Seismic Loads Only

The structure will be analyzed primarily for dead loads, live loads, and seismic
forces. Wind loads and dynamic response studies beyond basic seismic
considerations are not included.

6. Software and Code Dependency

The analysis and design are performed using software such as ETABS,
AutoCAD, and Excel, based on the Nepal National Building Code (NBC) and
relevant IS codes. Any errors or limitations in the software or changes in design
codes can influence the results.

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 6. Time schedule

S.N. Activity Time Tentative Date

Duration

1 Project Topic 1 week Mar 31 – Apr

Finalization 6, 2025

2 Literature Review & 2 weeks Apr 7 – Apr 13,

Background Study 2025

3 Collection of 1 week Apr 14 – Apr 20,

Architectural Drawings 2025

4 Load Calculations and 2 weeks Apr 21 – May 4,

Preliminary Design 2025

5 Structural Modeling 2 weeks May 5 – May 18,

(ETABS) and Analysis 2025

6 Structural Design of 3 weeks May 19 – Jun 8,

Components 2025

7 Drafting Structural 1 week Jun 9 – Jun 15,

Drawings 2025

8 Cost Estimation and 1 week Jun 16 – Jun 22,

Rate Analysis 2025

9 Report Compilation and 1 week Jun 23 – Jun 29,

Formatting 2025

10 Final Review, Printing 1 week Jun 30 – Jul 6,

& Submission 2025

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 Gantt chart
Mar-25 Apr-25 May-25 May-25 Jun-25 Jul-25 Jul-25

Project Topic Finalization

Literature Review & Background Study

Collection of Architectural Drawings

Load Calculations and Preliminary Design

Structural Modeling (ETABS) and Analysis

Structural Design of Components

Drafting Structural Drawings

Cost Estimation and Rate Analysis

Report Compilation and Formatting

Final Review, Printing & Submission

Start Date Duration

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 7. General introduction of building

• Location: Kathmandu

• Plinth Area: 742.00 Sq.ft.

• Total floor area: 2130.00 Sq.ft.

• Total land area: 1062.3 Sq.ft.

• Far: 4.0

• Types of building: RC Moment Resisting Frame Structure

• Types of columns: Square column

• Types of beams: Rectangular beam

• Types of staircases: Dog-legged type

• Types of footing: Isolated, Strap Beam

• Floor to floor height: 3 m

• Concrete: M20

• Steel: Fe500

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8. Architectural drawings

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Page | 12
 9. Conclusion

This proposal presents the architectural design for a multi -storied RCC-framed
residential building located in Kathmandu. The proposal includes architectural
drawings such as floor plans, elevations, and sections that detail the layout of the
building, addressing the functional requirements of residential spaces.

Given Nepal’s seismic activity, the design takes into account the need for future
structural analysis and engineering design, ensuring the building ’s ability to
withstand seismic forces. The design is developed in compliance with local building
codes and standards, including IS 456 and NBC 105.

The focus of this proposal is to provide a well -rounded architectural design, with an
emphasis on seismic safety for residential structures in Nepal. The goal is to
demonstrate the integration of sound design principles to create a building that is
resilient to seismic forces and meets the necessary regulatory requirements.

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 10. References

1. Aryal, K.P. & Gautam, D. (2018). Implementation of Building Code in Nepal:

Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Civil Engineering.

2. Bothara, J. & Brzev, S. (2011). A Tutorial: Improving the Seismic

Performance of Stone Masonry Buildings . Earthquake Engineering Research
Institute.

3. Dixit, A.M., et al. (2013). Seismic Vulnerability of Urban Structures in

Nepal. National Society for Earthquake Technology -Nepal (NSET).

4. Shrestha, S., et al. (2019). Evaluation of Material Quality in Local

Construction Practices in Nepal. International Journal of Engineering
Research.

5. Nepal National Building Code (NBC 105:2020, NBC 206:2003). Government

of Nepal, Department of Urban Development and Building Construction.

6. IS 456:2016 – Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete . Bureau of

Indian Standards.

7. IS 875 Part 1 (1987) – Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other Than
Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures .

8. UNDP (2020). Sustainable Housing in Rural Nepal. United Nations

Development Program.

9. Subedi, M. & Acharya, B. (2017). The Role of Local Government in Urban

Development Control in Nepal. Urban Research Journal.

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