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HUM113_Slides_Lecture04

The Simla Deputation of 1906, led by Sir Aga Khan, marked a pivotal moment for Muslims in India, advocating for separate electorates due to a lack of trust in the Hindu majority. This event initiated the constitutional recognition of Muslim political identity, ultimately contributing to the Two-Nation Theory and the partition of British India in 1947. Additionally, the All India Muslim League was established in 1906 to further represent Muslim interests in response to growing Hindu prejudice and the need for a united political front.

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Faheem Ul Hassan
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2 views

HUM113_Slides_Lecture04

The Simla Deputation of 1906, led by Sir Aga Khan, marked a pivotal moment for Muslims in India, advocating for separate electorates due to a lack of trust in the Hindu majority. This event initiated the constitutional recognition of Muslim political identity, ultimately contributing to the Two-Nation Theory and the partition of British India in 1947. Additionally, the All India Muslim League was established in 1906 to further represent Muslim interests in response to growing Hindu prejudice and the need for a united political front.

Uploaded by

Faheem Ul Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HUM 113

IDEOLOGY AND
CONSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN
Lecture 04
Historical Background of Pakistan
(Causes/ failure of the war of Independence
1857, its impact on Hindu Muslim Unity)
Dr. Sohail Ahmad

1
Simla Deputation [1/3]

• Lord Minto was appointed as the Viceroy of India in 1905.


• New reforms were announced in which it was said that the elected
principle would be extended.
• The anti-partition agitation had convinced the Muslims of the futility
of expecting any fair-play from the Hindu majority.
• Therefore, to safeguard their interests, the Muslim leaders drew up a
plan for separate electorates for their community, and presented it to
the Viceroy Lord Minto at Simla, on October 1, 1906.
• The Simla Deputation consisted of 70 representatives, representing
all opinions of the Muslim community, and headed by Sir Aga Khan.
2
Simla Deputation [2/3]
• The acceptance of the Deputation’s demands proved to be a turning
point in the history of the subcontinent. For the first time, the Hindu-
Muslim conflict was raised to the constitutional plane.
• The Muslims made it clear that they had no confidence in the Hindu
majority and that they were not prepared to put their future in the
hands of an assembly elected on the assumed basis of a homogenous
Indian nation.
• It is in this sense that the beginning of separate electorate may be
seen as the beginning of the realization of the Two-Nation Theory, its
final and inevitable consequence being the partition of British India in
1947.
• The Simla Deputation was successful because the Muslims were
strongly urged to protect their separate identity, whereas the British
responded to their demands, as Lord Minto was anxious to pull them
out of their political discontent.
3
Simla Deputation [3/3]

• Separate electorates were given statutory recognition in the Indian


Councils Act of 1909.
• Muslims were accorded not only the right to elect their
representatives by separate electorates, but also the right to vote in
general constituencies.
• In addition, they were also given weightage in representation.

4
All India Muslim League (1906)

• Simla Deputation made Muslim confident of the fact that united effort would
be fruitful for the Muslim community.
• A meeting was convened at Dacca in Dec. 1906 presided over by Nawab
Waqar ul Mulk which passed the resolution moved by Nawab of Dacca to
established separate Muslim organization name as All India Muslim League.
• The most important factor of establishment of All India Muslim League was
representative Government to be introduced in India.
• The Hindu agitation on the partition of Bengal (1905) had confirmed the
Hindu prejudice towards the Muslim interest.
• The acceptance of the principle of separate representation by Viceroy in Simla
Deputation.
5

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