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Machine Design Shafts and Keys and Couplings

The document contains various equations and formulas related to the mechanics of materials, specifically focusing on shear and bending moments in shafts made of ductile and brittle materials. It includes definitions for key parameters such as diameter, moment of inertia, and yield strength, as well as calculations for torque and power transmission. Additionally, it discusses design factors for keys and shafts, providing guidelines for their dimensions and load capacities.

Uploaded by

Ginoong Pagong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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18 views29 pages

Machine Design Shafts and Keys and Couplings

The document contains various equations and formulas related to the mechanics of materials, specifically focusing on shear and bending moments in shafts made of ductile and brittle materials. It includes definitions for key parameters such as diameter, moment of inertia, and yield strength, as well as calculations for torque and power transmission. Additionally, it discusses design factors for keys and shafts, providing guidelines for their dimensions and load capacities.

Uploaded by

Ginoong Pagong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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𝑇𝐶

SS =
𝐽
4
𝐷 𝜋𝐷𝑂
C = and J =
2 32
𝐷
𝑇( ) 16𝑇
2
then; SS = 𝜋 4 = 3
(𝐷𝑂 ) 𝜋𝐷𝑂
32
16𝑇𝐷𝑂
SS = 4 4
𝜋(𝐷𝑂 − 𝐷𝐼 )
𝑴𝑪
Sd =
𝑰
𝐷 𝜋
C= I= (𝐷𝑂 4 )
2 64
𝐷
𝑀( ) 32𝑀
2
then; Sd = 𝜋 4 = 3
(𝐷𝑂 ) 𝜋𝐷𝑂
64
32𝑀 1
Sd = 3 4
𝜋𝐷𝑂 1 −𝐾
16 2 2
SS = 3 𝑀 + 𝑇
𝜋𝐷𝑂
Ductile Material (copper, iron, tin, aluminum, zinc, lead)

16 2 2 1
SS = 3 𝑀 + 𝑇 4
𝜋𝐷𝑂 1 −𝐾
Ductile Material (copper, iron, tin, aluminum, zinc, lead)
16 2 2
St = 3 𝑀+ 𝑀 + 𝑇
𝜋𝐷𝑂
Brittle material (cast-iron concrete)

16 2 2 1
St = 3 𝑀+ 𝑀 + 𝑇 4
𝜋𝐷𝑂 1 −𝐾
Brittle material (cast-iron concrete)
2
16 ∝𝐹𝑎𝐷𝑂(1+𝐾 ) 2 1
St = 3 𝑀+ + 𝑇 4
𝜋𝐷𝑂 8 1 −𝐾
(hollow shaft – Vallance)

16 ∝𝐹𝑎𝐷𝑂(1+𝐾2) ∝𝐹𝑎𝐷𝑂 1+𝐾2 2


2 1
St = 3 [𝑀 + + 𝑀+ + 𝑇] 4
𝜋𝐷𝑂 8 8 1 −𝐾
(hollow shaft – Vallance)
where;
C= distance from centroid axis to extreme fiber; in or mm
M=bending moment; in-lb or N-mm
4
I = moment of inertia; in or mm 4
𝐷𝐼
K = ratio of inside to outside diameter ;
𝐷𝑂
K = 0 for solid shaft
where;
Fa = axial or compression load; lb or N
∝ = ratio of the maximum intensity of stress resulting
from the axial load to the average axial stress
T = torsional moment
where;
Ks = numerical combined shock
Km and fatigue factor
where:
𝐿 2
1 𝐿 𝑆𝑦 𝐿
𝐾
∝= 𝐿 for
𝐾
< 115 ; ∝= 2
ηπ 𝐸
for
𝐾
> 115
1 −0.0044
𝐾
where;
𝐿 2
1 𝐿 𝑆𝑦 𝐿
𝐾
∝= 𝐿 for
𝐾
< 115 ; ∝= 2
ηπ 𝐸
for
𝐾
> 115
1 −0.0044
𝐾
L = length between supporting bearings
K = radius of gyration of the shaft
𝑺𝒚 = yield stress in compression
where;
𝐿 2
1 𝐿 𝑆𝑦 𝐿
𝐾
∝= 𝐿 for
𝐾
< 115 ; ∝= 2
ηπ 𝐸
for
𝐾
> 115
1 −0.0044
𝐾
η = constant for the type of column end support
= 1.0 for hinged ends
= 2.25 for fixed ends
= 1.60 for ends partly restrained as in bearings
E = modulus of elasticity; psi
a. Main Power Transmitting Shafts
3
3
𝐷𝑁 80𝑃
P = or D= 𝑁 ; English units
80
b. Line shafts conveying pulleys
3
3
𝐷𝑁 53.5𝑃
P = or D= 𝑁 ; English units
53.5
c. Small short shafts 3
3
𝐷𝑁 38𝑃
P = or D= 𝑁 ; English units
38
3
D N
P= 3
( )
D =

3
P( ) D= 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
D =
N
ft−lb
75 HP(33,000 )
St = 𝑇= HP−min.
π 3 rev.
0 2𝜋(1800 )
min.
T = 218.83 ft − lbs.
St (𝜋D3o )
T = T = 2626.05 in − lbs
lb
3 (6,000 2 )(𝜋D30 )
( 2 )(𝜋D0) T= in
= 16
3
2626.005 in−lbs (16)
= 2𝜋 D0 =
lb
P (6,000 2 ) (𝜋)
T= in
2𝜋 N D30 = 2.229 in3 Do = 1.306 in. 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
Keys are small pieces of metals partly embedded in
shaft and partly embedded in hub of a wheel
(pulley, gear, flywheel, etc.) designed to transmit
power from the shaft with the wheels.
𝑆𝑆𝑏𝐿𝐷 𝑆𝐶𝑡𝐿𝐷
T = (based on shear) T =
4
(based on compression)
2
𝑆𝑆𝑏𝐿𝐷 𝑆𝐶𝑡𝐿𝐷
T = (based on shear) T =
4
(based on compression)
2

𝑆𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟


𝑁 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑆𝑦𝑐 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛


𝑁 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
D = shaft diameter
L = length of key. Typical hub lengths fall between
1.25D and 2.40D where D is the shaft diameter
(p.283 Faires)
N = design factor (p.282 Faires)
= 1.50 for smooth load
= 2.0 to 2.25 for minor shock loading
= up to 4.50 for severe shock loads
2𝑇 𝐹𝐷
𝐷 2
2𝐹 4𝑇
SC = =
𝐿ℎ 𝐷𝐿ℎ

𝐹 2𝑇
SS = =
𝐿𝑏 𝐷𝐿𝑏
T = torque transmitted ; N-mm.
D = diameter of the shaft ; mm.
L = length of the key ; mm.
b = width of the key ; mm.
h = depth of the key ; mm.
D = diameter of the shaft; mm.
DCB = bolt circle diameter; mm.
DO = coupling outside; mm.
t = thickness of radial flange
𝑇 𝐷𝐶𝐵 𝑃
𝑟 2 2𝜋𝑁

16𝑇 𝐹 𝑁 𝐹/𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝑁
2 𝜋 2 2
𝜋𝐷3 𝐴 𝑚𝑚 𝐷𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝑚𝑚
4

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