1

1 The diagram shows the top view of a rectangular paddling pool of constant depth. The pool is filled
with sea water.

3
(a) The volume of the sea water in the pool is 264 m .

Calculate the depth of the pool.

depth = .............................................. [3]

5
(b) The mass of the sea water in the pool is 2.70 × 10 kg.

Calculate the density of the sea water. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

density = .............................................. [2]

(c) Calculate the pressure due to the sea water at the bottom of the pool.

pressure = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 7]
 2

2 A liquid-in-glass thermometer has a scale with marks from −10 °C to 110 °C.
A student checks the accuracy of the thermometer.

Describe how to check the accuracy of the 0 °C mark on the thermometer scale.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

3 The diagram shows students walking to school. There are puddles of water on the ground.

puddles

After school, the puddles have disappeared and the ground is dry.

(a) State the name of the process that causes the puddles to disappear.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Describe the process that causes the puddles to disappear.

Use your ideas about molecules.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]

4 Some surfaces are better at emitting radiation than others.

 3

(a) Describe an experiment to show whether a black surface or a white surface is the better emitter
of radiation. You may draw a diagram.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) To ensure that the conclusion reached in the experiment in (a) is correct, several details of
the experiment must be identical when testing the two different surfaces.

State two quantities in the experiment that you described that must be identical during the
test.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]
 4

5 The diagram shows a metal pan containing water being heated by an electrical heater.

Complete the sentence to describe how thermal energy is transferred.

Thermal energy is transferred throughout the water by .............................................. . [1]

[Total: 1]

6 A teacher fills a copper can with solid wax and heats the can. She measures the temperature of
the wax every minute. She continues heating once the wax has melted and stops heating when
the wax is boiling.

State the term used for the process that transfers thermal energy through the copper.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
 5

7 A teacher fills a copper can with solid wax and heats the can. She measures the temperature of
the wax every minute. She continues heating once the wax has melted and stops heating when
the wax is boiling.

The graph shows how the temperature of the wax changes as it is heated.

200

temperature
of wax / °C

100

0
0 10 20 30 40
time / min

Using the graph, determine:

1. the melting point of the wax ...................................................... °C

2. the boiling point of the wax ...................................................... °C

3. the time at which the wax starts to boil. .................................................... min

[3]

[Total: 3]
 6

8 The diagram shows a gas contained in a cylinder enclosed by a piston.

3 3
The piston is pushed into the cylinder. The volume decreases from 820 cm to 330 cm . The pressure
gauge measures the pressure after compression as 20 000 Pa. The temperature remains constant.

Calculate the value of the pressure before the gas was compressed.

pressure = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
 7

9 The diagram shows apparatus used to determine the power output of a heater.

The metal block has a mass of 2.7 kg. The metal of the block has a specific heat capacity of
900 J / (kg °C).

In 2 min 30 s, the temperature of the block increases from 21 °C to 39 °C.

Calculate the power of the heater.

power = .............................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

10 A 240 V, 60 W lamp is connected to a 240 V supply. The lamp has a constant temperature.

(a) State the rate at which the lamp transfers energy to the surroundings.

rate = ........................................................... [1]

(b) State the names of the thermal processes by which the lamp transfers energy to the
surroundings.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
 8

11 Crystalline rocks are solids made of atoms.

A sculptor makes a statue from a block of crystalline rock using a cutting tool.

Explain why he must apply a large force to the tool to remove a small piece of rock.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

12 The graph shows how the air pressure in the atmosphere changes with the height above ground
level.

(a) Using the graph, determine the pressure at ground level. Give the unit.

pressure = ............................................. unit = ............................. [2]

(b) Using the graph, determine the height at which the volume of the helium in a balloon is twice
the volume at ground level.

height = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 4]
 9

13 The figure shows a perfume bottle.

plastic
stopper

air and
vapour

perfume

perfume
bottle

When the perfume bottle is left by a window on a hot day, the stopper pops out of the bottle.

Suggest why the stopper pops out of the bottle.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

14 The diagram shows a model car travelling at constant speed on a flat circular track.

The speed of the car is 0.30 m / s. In one complete revolution around the track, the car travels 3.9 m.
 10

(a) Calculate the time taken for the car to complete one revolution around the track.

time = .............................................. [2]

(b) On the diagram, draw and label with the letter F an arrow to show the resultant force acting
on the car. [1]

[Total: 3]

15 In an experiment a student determines the speed of a falling weight at different times. The graph
is a speed–time graph for his results.

Calculate the distance fallen by the weight in the first 1.5 s.

distance = .............................................. m [3]

[Total: 3]
 11

16 Two blocks, A and B, are joined by a thin thread that passes over a frictionless pulley. Block A is
at rest on a rough horizontal surface and block B is held at rest, just below the pulley.

The diagram shows the thread hanging loose.

pulley
block A thread

block B

rough horizontal surface

(not to scale)

Block B is released and it falls vertically. The thread remains loose until block B has fallen a distance
of 0.45 m.

The mass of block B is 0.50 kg.

The mass of block A is 2.0 kg.

When the thread tightens, it pulls on block A which moves to the right at a speed of 0.60 m / s.

Calculate the impulse exerted on block A as it accelerates from rest to 0.60 m / s.

impulse = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

17 Water is held behind a dam in a hydroelectric power scheme.

State the main form of energy stored in the water behind the dam.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

18 Water is held behind a dam in a hydroelectric power scheme.

The water is released from the dam and falls a vertical height of 410 m at a rate of 480 kg / s.
 12

(a) Calculate the rate at which energy is transferred by the falling water.

rate of energy transfer = .............................................. [3]

(b) The power scheme supplies a current of 270 A at a voltage of 6000 V.

Calculate the efficiency of the power scheme.

efficiency = .............................................. % [3]

[Total: 6]

19 The diagram shows a boat stored in a shed. The boat is suspended from the ceiling of the shed
by two ropes.

ceiling
60° 60°

ropes
T T

boat

The tension T in each of the ropes is 75 N.

 13

(a) Draw a vector diagram to determine the resultant of the forces exerted by the two ropes on
the boat. State the scale you used.

scale = ..............................................

magnitude of resultant force = ..............................................

direction of resultant force = .............................................. [4]

(b) Determine the mass of the boat.

mass = .............................................. [1]

[Total: 5]

20 All the sides of a plastic cube are 8.0 cm long. The diagram shows the cube, (not to scale).
 14

The mass of the cube is 0.44 kg.

(a) Explain what is meant by mass.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Calculate the density of the plastic from which the cube is made.

density = ............................................................. [2]

(ii) The density of one type of oil is 850 kg / m3.

State and explain whether the cube floats or sinks when placed in a container of this
oil.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) On the Moon, the weight of the cube is 0.70 N.

(i) Calculate the gravitational field strength on the Moon.

gravitational field strength = ................................................... [2]

 15

(ii) In a laboratory on the Moon, the plastic cube is held stationary, using a clamp, in a
3
beaker of the oil of density 850 kg / m .

The arrangement is shown in the diagram.

The lower face of the cube is 3.0 cm below the surface of the oil.

Use your answer to (c)(i) to calculate the pressure due to the oil on the lower face of
the cube.

pressure = .......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

21 A battery provides energy to an electric car.

2
The electric car has an acceleration of 2.9 m / s when it moves from rest. The combined mass of
the car and its driver is 1600 kg.

Calculate the time taken to reach a speed of 28 m / s.

time = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 16

22 A car of mass m is travelling along a straight, horizontal road at a constant speed v.

At time t = 0, the driver of the car sees an obstruction in the road ahead of the car and applies the
brakes.

The car does not begin to decelerate at t = 0.

The diagram is the distance–time graph for the car from t = 0.

60

distance / m

40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
time / s

(a) State the property of a distance–time graph that corresponds to speed.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Using the distance–time graph, determine the initial speed v of the car.

v = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 3]

23 The diagram shows a train.

The total mass of the train and its passengers is 750 000 kg. The train is travelling at a speed of
84 m / s. The driver applies the brakes and the train takes 80 s to slow down to a speed of 42 m / s.
 17

(a) Calculate the impulse applied to the train as it slows down.

impulse = .............................................. [3]

(b) Calculate the average resultant force applied to the train as it slows down.

force = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

24 The diagram shows a shooting competition, where air rifles fire soft metal pellets at distant targets.

When an air rifle is fired, it exerts an impulse of 0.019 N s on the pellet.

Define impulse.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]