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types of foundations

The document outlines the types of foundations used in construction, categorizing them into shallow and deep foundations based on soil conditions and load requirements. Shallow foundations include spread footings, isolated footings, combined footings, strap footings, and raft foundations, while deep foundations consist of pile foundations, pier foundations, and caisson foundations. Each type serves specific structural needs depending on the load and soil stability.

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2 views

types of foundations

The document outlines the types of foundations used in construction, categorizing them into shallow and deep foundations based on soil conditions and load requirements. Shallow foundations include spread footings, isolated footings, combined footings, strap footings, and raft foundations, while deep foundations consist of pile foundations, pier foundations, and caisson foundations. Each type serves specific structural needs depending on the load and soil stability.

Uploaded by

vyasnandini913
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here’s a 400-word write-up on the types of foundations used in construction:

Types of Foundation

A foundation is the lowest part of a building structure that transfers the load of the structure
to the ground. The choice of foundation depends on the type of soil, load from the structure,
and environmental conditions. Broadly, foundations are classified into two categories:
Shallow Foundations and Deep Foundations.

1. Shallow Foundations

Shallow foundations are placed near the surface of the earth or at a depth not greater than the
width of the foundation. These are generally used when the load of the structure is light or the
soil has good bearing capacity.

• a. Spread Footing/Foundation: This is the most common type of shallow


foundation. It spreads the load from a column or wall over a larger area. It can be
square, rectangular, or circular.
• b. Isolated Footing: These are individual footings provided under each column. They
are suitable when columns are not closely spaced.
• c. Combined Footing: When two or more columns are close enough that their
footings overlap, a combined footing is used.
• d. Strap (or Cantilever) Footing: Used when a column is close to the property line
and a combined footing is not possible. A strap connects the two footings to balance
the loads.
• e. Raft (Mat) Foundation: A large slab supporting multiple columns and walls. Used
when the soil bearing capacity is low and loads are heavy, such as in basements or
high-rise buildings.

2. Deep Foundations

Deep foundations are used when the soil near the surface is not capable of supporting the
structure, and the load must be transferred to deeper, more stable layers.

• a. Pile Foundation: Piles are long, slender columns made of concrete, steel, or timber
driven deep into the ground. Used for heavy structures, bridges, or in water-logged
areas.
• b. Pier Foundation: Piers are cylindrical columns constructed in-situ (on site) or
precast. Unlike piles, they are short and used where the hard strata are not very deep.
• c. Caisson (Well) Foundation: Used for underwater construction like bridges and
piers. Caissons are watertight retaining structures made of concrete, sunk into the
ground or riverbeds.

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