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Design of Rotating Machines

The lab report details the design parameters and calculations for a DC machine, including armature diameter, stator core length, and efficiency relations for motors and generators. It outlines the armature design, including the choice between lap and wave windings, and provides a design problem for a 2-pole, 100kW lap wound DC generator, ultimately presenting the calculated specifications. The report concludes with a datasheet summarizing the key parameters of the designed DC machine.

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Kinjal Bhattacharyya
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© © All Rights Reserved
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4 views

Design of Rotating Machines

The lab report details the design parameters and calculations for a DC machine, including armature diameter, stator core length, and efficiency relations for motors and generators. It outlines the armature design, including the choice between lap and wave windings, and provides a design problem for a 2-pole, 100kW lap wound DC generator, ultimately presenting the calculated specifications. The report concludes with a datasheet summarizing the key parameters of the designed DC machine.

Uploaded by

Kinjal Bhattacharyya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Machine Design

Lab Report
EE3706

Design of Rotating Machine

Name: Kinjal Bhattacharyya


Roll: 122EE0146
Parameters Associated With DC Machine:

D = Armature Diameter
L = Stator Core Length
n = Speed in rps
p = Number of Poles
a = Number of parallel paths
τ = Pole Pitch (m)
Eb = Back EMF
Ia = Armature Current
Po = Rating of Machine
Pa = Power Developed inside Armature (kW)
z = Total Armature Conductors
Ea = Induced EMF
Iz = Current in each Conductor

Power Developed in Armature:

Ia
Pa = pϕ( z)n × 10−3kW
a
= Total Magnetic Loading × Total Electric Loading
× Speed in rps × 10−3 kW

Speci c Magnetic Loading = pϕ = πDLBav


Speci c Electric Loading = Iz z = acπD
fi
fi
Pa = (πDLBav) × (πDac) × n × 10−3kW

E iciency Relations of Motor and Generator:

1 + 2n
Pa(motor) = Po
3n
2+n
Pa(generator) = Po
3n

Ranges of Parameters in DC machine:


ac = 15k - 50k A/m
Pa = Co D 2 Ln
bp = L (0.45-0.55m)
πD
τ=
p
Air gap length at centre of pole= lg
Air gap length at core tip = (1.5-2)lg

Choice Flux Depends Upon the following factors:


1. Flux density in the teeth
2. Frequency of reversal
3. Size of Machine
ff
Armature Design:
Simplex windings are used in armature design:
Ia
1. Lap(a = p) : Iz = & Vz ≈ V
p
Ia
2. Wave(a = 2) : Iz = & Vz ≈ V
2
(Due to Brush Contact Drop)
Number of Conductors Required:
p 2
zlap = zwave & alap = awave
2 p
∴ Volume of copper in both types of windings is same
but insulation required in lap is more as compared to
wave winding.
Thus, wave winding is preferred for machines of small
to medium capacity(<400A), for high voltage and slow
machines.
Relation of Generated EMF in the Armature:
Ea = V + Iarm ( for generator )
Ea = V − Iarm ( for motor )
aEa
Also, z =
pnϕ
*Flashover Voltage among two adjacent segments:
1. Large Machine: 28V
2. Medium Machine: 35V
3. Small Machine: 60V
& at loaded condition, Maximum 30V between
conductor segments.
Ec = 2Tc Ncez
Ec = Voltage b/w adjacent segments at No Load
Tc = Turns per coil
Nc = Number of Coils between adjacent segments
p
( for wave and 1 for lap )
2
ez = Vavg per coil
Also, ez = Bav Lva
Now, to nd adjacent voltage among adjacent
segments,
Ecm = 2Tc Nc Bgm Lva
1.3Bav
where Bgm = (kf: eld form factor)
kf
∴ Ecm ≈ 4Tc Nc Bav Lva = 4Tc Ncez
z
Number of Turns per coil = Tc =
2C
2zNcez
Number of Coils required= C =
Ecm
Substituting values for Ecm = 30V and ez = Bav Lva
Ea P
Thus, C = for Lap and Wave winding schemes.
15
fi
fi
Ea P
is the voltage between commutator segments at
C
No Load which shouldn’t go beyond 15V at average.

Constraints:
Thickness of commutator segments = 3 to 4mm
Thickness of mica separator = 0.8 mm
Hence minimum pitch = 3+0.8 mm = 3.8mm ≈ 4mm
πDc
Or, βc = ⩾ 4mm where Dc = Dia. Of Commutator
C
Also, 0.62D < Dc < 0.74D

Factors A ecting Number Of Armature Slots:


• Mechanical di iculty in construction of large
number of teeth present
• If ux density increases in slot space, core loss
increases too
Flux Pulsations:
• Increased eddy current losses in pole faces leading to
magnetic noise.
• Pole shoe can be laminated to mitigate this issue
Commutation:
Pulsation of ux under the interpose must be avoided
as they cause sparking
s s
Also, (1-ψ) × ⩾ 3 i.e. ⩾ 9.12
p p
fl
ff
fl
ff
Constraints:
1. Slot pitch = 25-35 mm
2. Slot loading = Is zs ⩽ 15000A
s
3. Flux pulsation constraint : is odd
p
s
4. Commutator: 9< < 16
p
Design Problem:
Design a 2 pole, 100kW lap wound DC generator of
output voltage of 260 V and speed of 1500 rpm with
an e iciency of 91%. (Bav = 0.6Wb/m 2 & ac = 35000A)

Solution:
Since it’s a lap wound machine, a = p = 2
P 100
Pi/p = o = = 109.81kW
η 0.91
Pi/p = (πDLBav) × (πDac) × n × 10−3kW
substituting the values, (n = 1500/60 = 25 rps)
D 2 L = 0.0211m 3
L 0.66πD
Also, assuming τ = &L=
0.66 2
Using these results, D = 0.27 m and L = 0.2818 m
BavπDL
Flux(ϕ) = = 0.0712 Wb
P
Ea
z= =152
ϕnp
where Ea = 1.04*V =1.04*260=270.4 V
ff
Ea P
Number of Coils Required(Nc) = = 72
15
Slot Pitch Ranger from 25mm to 35mm.
πD πD
∴ ⩽ slots ⩽
0.035 0.025
Or, ∴ 25 ⩽ slots ⩽ 33
But, slots per pole must range from 9 to 16 and here
Number of poles = 2,
Thus, Options are : 25,27,29,31
s
Choosing = 14.5 and s = 29
p
Now, to nd voltage b/w two adjacent segments,
Nc = 1 ( as Lap Winding)
No. Of Condutors per slot = 152/29 =5.241 ( ϵW)
Then, setting it to z = 174
Tc = 174/(2*72) =1.208 = 2 ( ϵW)
∴ Ec = 2Tc Nc Bav Lva & va = πDn = 21.195 m/s
= 2*2*1*0.6*0.27*21.195 = 13.734 V < 15 V
Hence the Design Satis es the required constraints.
fi
fi
Datasheet of DC Machine:
Armature Design:
Sl. No. Parameter Value Unit

1 D 0.27 m

2 L 0.2818 m

3 ϕ 0.0712 Wb

4 Z 174 -

5 Ea 270.4 V

6 Nc 72 -

7 s (number of slots) 29 -

8 p (number of poles) 2 -

9 conductors per slot 6 -

10 Ec 13.734 V

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