HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

PHYSICS PAPER 1
(Sample Paper)
Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes This paper must be answered in English

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 1. There are TWO sections, A and B, in this Paper. Section A consists of multiple-choice questions in this question book, while Section B contains conventional questions printed separately in Question-Answer Book B. You are advised to finish Section A in about 60 minutes. Answers to Section A should be marked on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet while answers to Section B should be written in the spaces provided in Question-Answer Book B. The Answer Sheet for Section A and the Question-Answer Book for Section B must be handed in separately at the end of the examination.

2.

SECTION A (MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet carefully. Stick a barcode label and insert the information required in the spaces provided. When told to open this book, you should check that all the questions are there. Look for the words END OF SECTION A after the last question. All questions carry equal marks. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. You should use an HB pencil to mark all your answers on the Answer Sheet. Wrong marks must be completely erased. You should mark only ONE answer for each question. If you mark more than one answer, you will receive NO MARKS for that question. No marks will be deducted for wrong answers.

Not to be taken away before the end of the examination session

HKDSE-PHY 1A1 (Sample Paper)

61

There are 36 questions. Questions marked with * involve knowledge of the extension component. The back cover of this question paper contains a list of data, formulae and relationships which you may find useful. 1. carpet

tile Cynthia places a piece of carpet on a tiled floor. After a while, she stands in bare feet with one foot on the tiled floor and the other on the carpet as shown above. She feels that the tiled floor is colder than the carpet. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon ? A. B. C. D. 2. The tile is a better insulator of heat than the carpet. The tile is at a lower temperature than the carpet. The specific heat capacity of the tile is smaller than that of the carpet. Energy transfers from Cynthias foot to the tile at a greater rate than that to the carpet. temperature P Q Q room temperature 0 P time

The graph shows the variation in temperature of equal masses of two substances P and Q when they are separately heated by identical heaters. Which deduction is correct ? A. B. C. D. *3. The melting point of P is lower than that of Q. The specific heat capacity of P in solid state is larger than that of Q. The specific latent heat of fusion of P is larger than that of Q. The energy required to raise the temperature of P from room temperature to boiling point is more than that of Q. pressure 1.5 p p X Y

2T

absolute temperature

As the gas in a vessel of fixed volume is heated, it gradually leaks out. The gas in the vessel changes from state X to state Y along the path XY shown in the plot of pressure against absolute temperature. What percentage of the original mass of the gas leaks out from the vessel in this process ? A. B. C. D. 10% 20% 25% 50% 62

HKDSE-PHY 1A2 (Sample Paper)

*4.

Two vessels contain hydrogen gas and oxygen gas respectively. Both gases have the same pressure and temperature and are assumed to be ideal. Which of the following physical quantities must be the same for the two gases ? A. B. C. D. The volume of the gas The mass per unit volume of the gas The r.m.s. speed of the gas molecules The number of gas molecules per unit volume

5. 70o 70o

A fish is hung on a light string as shown above. The tension in the string is 10 N. Find the total weight of the fish and the hook. A. B. C. D. 6. 5N A 1 kg block is pulled by a horizontal force of 5 N and moves with an acceleration of 2 m s2 on a rough horizontal plane. Find the frictional force acting on the block. A. B. C. D. 7. zero 2N 3N 7N 20 sin 70 N 20 cos 70 N 10 sin 70 N 10 cos 70 N

Patrick is driving along a straight horizontal road. At time t = 0, he observes that an accident has happened. He then applies the brakes to stop his car with uniform deceleration. The graph shows the variation of the speed of the car with time. v / m s1 14

0.8

5.0

t/s

Find the distance travelled by the car from time t = 0 to 5.0 s. A. B. C. D. 29.4 m 40.6 m 46.2 m 81.2 m

HKDSE-PHY 1A3 (Sample Paper)

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8.

A block remains at rest on a rough inclined plane. Which diagram shows all the forces acting on the block ? Note : W = gravitational force acting on the block, R = normal reaction exerted by the inclined plane on the block, and F = friction acting on the block. R A. B. F

W C. R F F W 9. D. R

Kelvin is standing on a balance inside a lift. The table shows the readings of the balance in three situations. Motion of the lift moving upwards with a uniform speed moving downwards with a uniform speed moving upwards with an acceleration Which relationship is correct ? A. B. C. D. R1 = R2 > R3 R3 > R1 = R2 R1 > R2 > R3 R3 > R1 > R2 Reading of the balance R1 R2 R3

10. P Q P Q

1m Figure (a)

0.25 m Figure (b)

Figure (a) shows a uniform plank supported by two spring balances P and Q. The readings of the two balances are both 150 N. P is now moved 0.25 m towards Q (see Figure (b)). Find the new readings of P and Q. Reading of P/N A. B. C. D. 100 150 200 200 Reading of Q/N 200 150 100 150 64

HKDSE-PHY 1A4 (Sample Paper)

11.

Which of the following pairs of forces is/are example(s) of action and reaction ? (1) (2) (3) The centripetal force keeping a satellite in orbit round the earth and the weight of the satellite. The air resistance acting on an object falling through the air with terminal velocity and the weight of the object. The forces of attraction experienced by two parallel wires carrying currents in the same direction. A. B. C. D. (1) only (3) only (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only

12.

Two small identical objects P and Q are released from rest from the top of a building 80 m above the ground. Q is released 1 s after P. Neglecting air resistance, what is the maximum vertical separation between P and Q in the air ? A. B. C. D. 5m 10 m 35 m 45 m

13.

A car P of mass 1000 kg moves with a speed of 20 m s1 and makes a head-on collision with a car Q of mass 1500 kg, which was moving with a speed of 10 m s1 in the opposite direction before the collision. The two cars stick together after the collision. Find their common velocity immediately after the collision. A. B. C. D. 2 m s1 along the original direction of P 2 m s1 along the original direction of Q 14 m s1 along the original direction of P 14 m s1 along the original direction of Q

*14.

pendulum in horizontal position

A simple pendulum is held at rest in a horizontal position. It is then released with the string taut. Which statement about the tension in the string is not correct when the pendulum reaches its vertical position ? A. B. C. D. The tension equals the weight of the pendulum bob in magnitude. The tension attains its greatest value. The tension does not depend on the length of the pendulum. The tension depends on the mass of the pendulum bob.

HKDSE-PHY 1A5 (Sample Paper)

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15.

plane mirror

The diagram shows the image of a clock in a plane mirror. What is the time displayed by the clock ? A. B. C. D. 16. 3:58 4:02 7:58 8:02

Cecilia uses a magnifying glass to read some small print. Which diagram shows how the image of the print is formed ? A. B.

I O F

I C. I O F O F D.

HKDSE-PHY 1A6 (Sample Paper)

66

17.

2.0 cm

The solid curve in the diagram shows a transverse wave at a certain instant. After 0.05 s, the wave has travelled a distance of 2.0 cm and is indicated by the dashed curve. Find the wavelength and frequency of the wave. Wavelength/cm A. B. C. D. 18. P Q R The figure shows the shape of a transverse wave travelling along a string at a certain instant. Which statement about the motion of the particles P, Q and R on the string at this instant is correct ? A. B. C. D. 19. P
2 mm

Frequency/Hz 2.5 2.5 5 5

8 16 8 16

direction of propagation

Particle P is moving downwards. Particle Q is stationary. Particle R attains its maximum acceleration. P and Q are in phase.

X 45 cm

String XY is fixed at both ends. The distance between X and Y is 45 cm. Two identical sinusoidal waves travel along XY in opposite directions and form a stationary wave with an antinode at point P. The figure shows the string when P is 2 mm, its maximum displacement, from the equilibrium position. What is the amplitude and wavelength of each of the travelling waves on the string ? Amplitude A. B. C. D. 1 mm 1 mm 2 mm 2 mm Wavelength 30 cm 15 cm 30 cm 15 cm

HKDSE-PHY 1A7 (Sample Paper)

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20.

A Youngs double-slit experiment was performed using a monochromatic light source. Which change would result in a greater fringe separation on the screen ? (1) (2) (3) Using monochromatic light source of longer wavelength Using double slit with greater slit separation Using double slit with larger slit width A. B. C. D. (1) only (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

21.

An object is placed at the focus of a concave lens of focal length 10 cm. What is the magnification of the image formed ? A. B. C. D. 0.5 1.0 2.0 infinite

22.

Which of the following statements about sound waves is/are correct ? (1) (2) (3) Sound waves are longitudinal waves. Sound waves are electromagnetic waves. Sound waves cannot travel in a vacuum. A. B. C. D. (2) only (3) only (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only first-order maximum

23. grating

incident light

central maximum first-order maximum

When monochromatic light is passed through a diffraction grating, a pattern of maxima and minima is observed as shown. Which combination would produce the largest angle between the first-order maxima ? Grating (lines per mm) A. B. C. D. 200 200 400 400 Colour of light used blue red blue red

HKDSE-PHY 1A8 (Sample Paper)

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24.

Two conducting spheres are hanging freely in air by insulating threads. In which of the following will the two spheres attract each other ? Note : N denotes that the sphere is uncharged. (1) (2) (3)

+ A. B. C. D. 25.

(1) only (2) only (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

The table shows three electrical appliances which Clara used in a certain month : Appliance Air-conditioner television computer Rating 220 V, 1200 W 220 V, 250 W 220 V, 150 W Duration 250 hours 80 hours 60 hours

Calculate the cost of electricity used. Note : 1 kW h of electricity costs $ 0.86. A. B. C. D. 26. $ 62.25 $ 73.79 $ 282.94 $ 536.64

If a 15 A fuse is installed in the plug of an electric kettle of rating 220 V, 900 W, state what happens when the kettle is plugged in and switched on. A. B. C. D. The kettle will not operate. The kettle will be short-circuited. The output power of the kettle will be increased. The chance of the kettle being damaged by an excessive current will be increase A3 A A2 A A1 A In the above circuit, the bulbs are identical. The reading of ammeter A1 is 1 A. Find the readings of ammeters A2 and A3. Reading of A2 A. B. C. D. 2A 2A 0.5 A 0.5 A 69 Reading of A3 2A 3A 1A 1.5 A

27.

HKDSE-PHY 1A9 (Sample Paper)

28.

magnet

coil

rheostat

battery box

The figure shows a simple motor. Which of these changes would increase the turning effect of the coil ? (1) (2) (3) using a stronger magnet reducing the resistance of the rheostat using a coil with a smaller number of turns A. B. C. D. 29. (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

Which diagram shows the magnetic field pattern around a flat circular current-carrying coil, in the plane shown ? A. B.

C.

D.

HKDSE-PHY 1A10 (Sample Paper)

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30.

_ + battery box _ + + ammeter R _ switch voltmeter rheostat

A student wants to measure the resistance of a resistor R and sets up the circuit shown. The student made which of these mistakes setting up the circuit ? (1) (2) (3) The polarity of the ammeter was reversed. The polarity of the voltmeter was reversed. The voltmeter was connected across both R and the rheostat. A. B. C. D. 31. S (1) only (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only R Q P uniform magnetic field

The figure shows conducting rods PQ and RS placed on two smooth, parallel, horizontal conducting rails. A uniform magnetic field is directed into the plane of the paper. PQ is given an initial velocity to the right and left to roll. Which statement is INCORRECT ? A. B. C. D. 32. The induced current is in the direction PQRS. The magnetic force acting on rod PQ is towards the left. Rod RS starts moving towards the right. Rod PQ moves with a uniform speed.

X
72

Y
40

+ Q 360

The figure shows the location of an isolated charge of size +Q. The size (in an arbitrary unit) of the electric field strength is marked at certain points. What is the size (in the same arbitrary unit) of the electric field strength at X and Y ? A. B. C. D. electric field strength at X 72 72 90 90 71 electric field strength at Y 30 36 30 36

HKDSE-PHY 1A11 (Sample Paper)

*33.

Power is transmitted over long distances at high alternating voltages. Which statements are correct ? (1) (2) (3) Alternating voltages can be stepped up or down efficiently by transformers. For a given transmitted power, the current will be reduced if a high voltage is adopted. The power loss in the transmission cables will be reduced if a high voltage is adopted. A. B. C. D. (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

34.

Which of these is a nuclear fusion reaction ? A. B. C. D.

235 92 2

U+ n
3

144 56

Ba +

90 36

Kr + 2 n

1 14

H + 1H N + n U
234 90

4 2 14
6

He + n C + 1H
1

7 238

92

Th +

*35.

On which of the following does the activity of a radioactive source depend ? (1) (2) (3) the nature of the nuclear radiation emitted by the source the half-life of the source the number of active nuclides in the source A. B. C. D. (1) only (3) only (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only

36.

Different absorbers are placed in turn between a radioactive source and a Geiger-Muller tube. Three readings are taken for each absorber. The following data are obtained: Absorber paper 5 mm aluminium 25 mm lead 50 mm lead 200 197 112 60 34 Count rate / s1 205 202 108 62 36 198 206 111 58 34

What type(s) of radiation does the source emit ? A. B. C. D.

only only and only , and

END OF SECTION A

HKDSE-PHY 1A12 (Sample Paper)

72

List of data, formulae and relationships

Data speed of light in vacuum acceleration due to gravity universal gravitational constant charge of electron electron rest mass permittivity of free space permeability of free space Planck constant molar gas constant Stefan constant Avogadro constant atomic mass unit (1 u is equivalent to 931 MeV) c = 3.00 108 m s1 g = 9.81 m s2 (Close to the Earth) G = 6.67 1011 N m2 kg2 e = 1.60 1019 C me = 9.11 1031 kg o = 8.85 1012 C2 N1 m2 o = 4 107 H m1 h = 6.63 1034 J s R = 8.31 J K1 mol1 = 5.67 108 W m2 K4 NA = 6.02 1023 mol1 u = 1.661 1027 kg

Rectilinear motion For uniformly accelerated motion : v = u + at 1 s = ut + at 2 2 v2 = u2 + 2as

Mathematics

Equation of a straight line y = mx + c Arc length = r Surface area of cylinder Volume of cylinder Surface area of sphere Volume of sphere = 2rh + 2r2 = r2h = 4r2 = 4 3 r 3

For small angles, sin tan (in radians)

HKDSE-PHY 1A13 (Sample Paper)

73

A1. A2. A3. A4. A5. B1. B2. B3. B4. B5. B6. B7. B8. C1. C2. C3. D1. D2.

E = mc T E = l m

energy transfer during heating and cooling energy transfer during change of state equation of state for an ideal gas kinetic theory equation molecular kinetic energy

D3. D4. D5. D6. D7. D8. D9.

V=
E=

Q 4 0 r
V d

electric potential due to a point charge energy field between parallel plates (numerically) general current flow equation resistance and resistivity resistors in series resistors in parallel power in a circuit force on a moving charge in a magnetic field force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field Hall voltage magnetic field due to a long straight wire magnetic field inside a long solenoid induced e.m.f. ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage in a transformer law of radioactive decay half-life and decay constant activity and the undecayed nuclei number of

pV = nRT
1 Nmc 2 3 3RT Ek = 2N A pV =

I = nAQ
R=

l
A

R = R1 + R2

F=m

v p force = t t
d moment of a force gravitational potential energy kinetic energy Hookes law

1 1 1 = + R R1 R 2
P = IV = I 2 R

moment = F EP = mgh EK = F = kx P = Fv =

D10. F = BQ sin D11. F = BIl sin D12. V = D13. D14. D15. D16. E1. E2. E3.

1 2 mv 2

W t

mechanical power centripetal acceleration Newtons law of gravitation fringe width in double-slit interference diffraction grating equation equation for a single lens Coulombs law electric field strength due to a point charge

a= F=

= 2r r Gm1m2 r2
D a

y =

BI nQt I B= 0 2r NI B= 0 l =N t Vs N s Vp Np

d sin = n
1

N = N0ekt

1 f

t1 =
2

ln 2 k

F= E=

Q1Q 2

4 0 r 2
Q

A = kN

40 r 2

E4.

E = mc 2

mass-energy relationship

Astronomy and Space Science

U =

GMm r

gravitational potential energy Stefans law Doppler effect

P = AT 4 f v fo c

Atomic World 1 me vmax 2 = hf Einsteins photoelectric equation 2 13.6 E n = 2 eV energy level equation for hydrogen atom n h h de Broglie formula = = p mv

Energy and Energy Use A(TH TC ) Q =k rate of energy transfer by conduction t d k thermal transmittance U-value U= d 1 maximum power by wind turbine P = Av3 2 Medical Physics 1.22 Rayleigh criterion (resolving power) = d 1 power = power of a lens f I intensity level (dB) 10 log Io
Z = pc acoustic impedance
2

1.22 d

Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)

I r ( Z 2 Z1 ) intensity reflection coefficient = I o ( Z 2 + Z1 ) 2

transmitted intensity through a medium

I = I o e x
HKDSE-PHY 1A14 (Sample Paper)

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B
HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

Please stick the barcode label here.

Candidate Number

PHYSICS PAPER 1 (Sample Paper)

Section B : Question-Answer Book B
This paper must be answered in English

Markers Use Only Marker No.

Examiners Use Only Examiner No.

Question No. INSTRUCTIONS (1) Write your Candidate Number in the space provided on Page 1. Stick barcode labels in the spaces provided on Pages 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. This section carries 84 marks. questions. Answer ALL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total

Marks

Marks

(2) (3)

(4)

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this Question-Answer Book. Do not write in the margins. Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Supplementary answer sheets will be provided on request. Write your Candidate Number, mark the question number box and stick a barcode label on each sheet. Tie them loosely but securely with a string INSIDE this Question-Answer Book. The diagrams in this section are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.

(5)

(6)

HKDSE-PHY 1B1 (Sample Paper)

75

Answer ALL questions. Parts marked with * involve knowledge of the extension component. answers in the spaces provided. 1. chamber balloon to vacuum pump

Write your

Figure 1.1 A balloon containing 0.01 m3 of gas at a pressure of 100 kPa is placed inside a chamber. pumped out from the chamber while the temperature remains unchanged. *(a) Air is slowly

Explain, in terms of molecular motion, how the gas inside the balloon exerts a pressure on its inner surface. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

*(b)

Find the final pressure inside the balloon when its volume is doubled.

(2 marks)

*(c)

Sketch a graph to show the relationship between the pressure p inside the balloon and the volume V of the balloon. (2 marks) p / kPa 150

100

50

0.01

0.02

0.03

V / m3

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B2 (Sample Paper)

76

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Please stick the barcode label here.

2.

Figure 2.1 In a road test, John drives his car along a straight horizontal road (see Figure 2.1). The car takes 9.3 s to accelerate from rest to 100 km h1. The total mass of John and his car is 1400 kg. ( Note: 100 km h1 = 27.8 m s1) (a) Find the total kinetic energy of John and his car when travelling at 100 km h1. the average output power of the car during this acceleration. Hence estimate (3 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b)

A similar road test is conducted on an inclined road. The car now takes more than 9.3 s to accelerate from rest to 100 km h1 along the road (see Figure 2.2). Assume the output power of the car remains unchanged. Explain why it takes a longer time for the car to accelerate up an inclined road than along a horizontal road. (2 marks)

Figure 2.2

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B3 (Sample Paper)

77

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

3.

A ball is kicked and moves with an initial velocity of 10 m s1 at an angle of 40o to the horizontal. The ball then just passes a block of height 1.6 m, reaching the highest point D, and finally hits the ground at E as shown in Figure 3.1. (Neglect air resistance and the size of the ball.) D C F

goal

Figure 3.1 10 m s1 40 A B E 1.6 m block

(a) *(b)

Draw an arrow to indicate the direction of acceleration of the ball at C.

(1 mark)

For a projectile of initial velocity u that makes an angle with the horizontal, show that its horizontal range is given by

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(c)

Calculate the speed of the ball at C.

(2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B4 (Sample Paper)

78

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

u 2 sin 2 . Hence, or otherwise, find another angle of projection g such that the ball can still reach E with the same initial speed of 10 m s1. (4 marks) (Given: 2 sin cos = sin2 )

Please stick the barcode label here.

4.

One end of a piece of string is fixed to a wall. A wave pulse travels along the string at a speed of 0.5 m s1 towards the fixed end. Figure 4.1 shows the string at time t = 0 s and t = 2 s.

wall

At t = 0 s

P
0.02 m 0.1 m

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Figure 4.1

At t = 1 s

At t = 2 s

(a) (b)

On Figure 4.1, draw the shape of the wave pulse at t = 1 s.

(1 mark)

Sketch a graph of the displacement of point P on the string at a distance of 0.1 m from the wall during the period t = 0 s to t = 1 s. (2 marks) displacement/ m 0.02

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

time/s

0.02

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B5 (Sample Paper)

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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

5. channel R2

Figure 5.1

FM 88 AM 530

94
610

99
750 1000

105
1300

108
1600

MHz kHz

channel R1 Figure 5.1 shows the display panel of a radio and the broadcasting frequencies of two radio channels R1 and R2. Given : speed of electromagnetic waves = 3.00108 m s1 (a) Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Find the wavelength of the radio waves used by channel R1. (1 mark) Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b)

Anitas house is surrounded by hills and at her house, the reception of one of the two radio channels is better. For which radio channel is the reception better ? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B6 (Sample Paper)

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Please stick the barcode label here.

6. loudspeaker P signal generator A Q loudspeaker Figure 6.1 Y X

C microphone CRO

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Amplitude of the CRO trace

0 B (a) (i) X Y Figure 6.2 C

Position of microphone

Explain why the loudness of the sound varies along BC.

(2 marks)

(ii)

State ONE reason why the amplitude of the CRO trace is NOT zero at position X. (1 mark)

(b)

If PY = 5.10 m and QY = 5.78 m, find the wavelength of the sound.

(2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B7 (Sample Paper)

81

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Figure 6.1 shows two identical loudspeakers P and Q are connected to a signal generator. Position A is the mid-point of PQ. A microphone connected to a CRO is moved along BC. The amplitude of the CRO trace increases as the loudness of the sound detected increases. Figure 6.2 shows how the amplitude of the CRO trace varies with the position of the microphone.

7.

Amy uses the motor of a toy fan as a simple generator. motor. This is shown in Figure 7.1.

She connects a bulb to the two terminals of the

blade motor

bulb

electric wires

Figure 7.1

The bulb lights up when the blades are turned rapidly. taking place in this process. Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Explain why and state the energy conversion (4 marks) Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B8 (Sample Paper)

82

Please stick the barcode label here.

earth leakage circuit breaker soft iron ring neutral live coil C solenoid Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
relay switch S

mains supply ~

Figure 8.1 In case of an earth leakage in the domestic circuit such that the current in the neutral wire and the live wire differ by 0.5 A or more, the relay switch S opens and disconnects the mains supply. To reconnect the supply, S has to be reset manually. (a) Explain why S opens when there is a leakage current of 0.5 A from the load to the Earth. (3 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B9 (Sample Paper)

83

8.

Figure 8.1 shows an earth leakage circuit breaker ( ) installed in a domestic circuit. The live and the neutral wires pass through the centre of a soft iron ring of mean radius 1 cm. A 100-turn coil C with cross-section area 0.8 cm2 is wound on the ring.

load fuse

Earth

(b)

Calculate the magnetic field B through coil C when there is a leakage current of 0.5 A from the load to the Earth. The magnetic field B due to a current-carrying conductor is 1500 times larger in soft iron. (2 marks)

(c)

Electrical appliances are usually equipped with fuses. When a short circuit occurs between the live and neutral wires, the fuse blows but the earth leakage circuit breaker does not operate. Explain these observations. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B10 (Sample Paper)

84

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

9.

Figure 9.1 Figure 9.1 shows a microwave oven. Mary wants to estimate the useful output power of the oven. is provided with the apparatus and material shown in Figure 9.2. She

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Figure 9.2 (a) Describe how Mary should conduct the experiment. Specify all measurements Mary has to take. State EITHER one precaution taken OR one assumption made when conducting this experiment. Write down an equation for calculating the useful output power. (5 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B11 (Sample Paper)

85

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b)

The value obtained by Mary is found to be smaller than the rated power of the oven. Suggest one possible reason to account for this difference. (1 mark)

(c)

Explain whether increasing the mass of water used in the experiment would improve the accuracy of the experiment. (1 mark)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B12 (Sample Paper)

86

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

10.

normal air ship sonar 50 40 X sea

Figure 10.1

submarine

Figure 10.1 shows a ship equipped with sonar. The sonar emits ultrasonic waves of frequency 25 kHz into the sea. The waves propagate at an angle of 50 to the surface of the sea and are reflected from a submarine back to the ship after 0.15 s. Given : speed of sound in air = 340 m s1 speed of sound in sea water = 1500 m s1 (a) Calculate the vertical distance of the submarine beneath the sea surface. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b)

Some of the reflected waves propagate along the dotted line and emerge into the air at X. Calculate the angle of refraction in air. (2 marks)

(c)

Is it possible for ultrasonic waves, at certain angles of incidence, to undergo total internal reflection when they go from sea water to the air ? Explain. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B13 (Sample Paper)

87

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11.

(a)

A spacecraft with an astronaut on board is launched on a rocket. The rocket with the spacecraft has an initial mass of 4.80105 kg at take-off. The rocket engine expels hot exhaust gas at a constant speed of 2600 m s1 downwards relative to the rocket. Assume that 1.15103 kg of gas is expelled in the first 0.5 s. (Neglect air resistance.) (i) Calculate the average thrust (the upward force) acting on the rocket due to the exhaust gas during the first 0.5 s. (2 marks)

Figure 11.1 Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(ii)

On Figure 11.1, draw and label an arrow for each force acting on the rocket. Assuming that the change in mass of the rocket during the first 0.5 s is negligible, estimate the acceleration of the rocket. (3 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B14 (Sample Paper)

88

(b)

The spacecraft of mass 7.80103 kg now enters a circular orbit of radius r around the Earth.

spacecraft r

Figure 11.2 *(i) Show that the speed of the spacecraft in the orbit is given by radius of the Earth.

g RE where RE is the r (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

*(ii)

How long does it take for the spacecraft to orbit the Earth 14 times ? Given : radius of the orbit r = 6.71106 m radius of the Earth RE = 6.37106 m

(3 marks)

(c)

Give ONE reason why an aircraft is unable to fly in space like a rocket.

(1 mark)

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HKDSE-PHY 1B15 (Sample Paper)

89

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12. bulb cell to be connected to a data-logger

switch

voltage sensor

Figure 12 Figure 12.1

Iris uses the apparatus shown in Figure 12.1 to study the lifetime of AA-size cells when used to power a bulb. She connects a cell and a switch to the bulb and uses a voltage sensor to measure the voltage across the bulb. (a) Draw a circuit diagram to illustrate how the apparatus is connected. denote the voltage sensor and the data-logger. Use the symbol V to (2 marks) Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b)

Iris conducts the experiment with a zinc-carbon cell, an alkaline cell and a lithium cell separately. Figure 12.2 shows the variation of the voltage across the bulb with time for the cells. The bulb lights up as long as the voltage across it is above 0.6 V. Voltage / V 1.2 1.0 lithium cell 0.8

Figure 12.2 0.6 0.4

alkaline cell

zinc-carbon cell 0.2 0

10 Time / hour

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HKDSE-PHY 1B16 (Sample Paper)

90

(b)

(i)

A salesman claims that the lifetime of a lithium cell for lighting up the bulb is five times that of an alkaline cell. Determine whether the claim is correct or not. (2 marks)

(ii)

Table 12.3 shows the prices of the three types of cell. Type of cells zinc-carbon Price per cell $ 1.5 Answers written in the margins will not be marked. $ 3.8 $25.0 Table 12.3 Which type of cells is the best buy, in terms of the cost per hour for lighting up the bulb ? Show your calculations. (3 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

alkaline lithium

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HKDSE-PHY 1B17 (Sample Paper)

91

13.

Josephine conducts an investigation on transformers. Primary and secondary coils are wound on two soft-iron C-cores to form a transformer. She sets up a circuit as shown in Figure 13.1. voltmeter transformer a.c. power supply voltmeter

secondary primary coil coil Figure 13.1 *(a) Josephine varies the input voltage V1 to the transformer and records the corresponding output voltage V2. The results are shown in Table 13.2. Figure 13.3 shows the graph of V2 against V1. Draw a conclusion for this investigation. Answers written in the margins will not be marked. V2 / V V1 / V 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 V2 / V 2.5 5.1 7.6 10.0 Table 13.2 0 2 4 Figure 13.3 6 V1 / V (1 mark) 5 10

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

*(b)

Deduce the value of V2 that will be produced when V1 equals 8.0 V.

(1 mark)

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HKDSE-PHY 1B18 (Sample Paper)

92

*(c)

Josephine wants to study the relationship between the output voltage and the number of turns in the secondary coil of the transformer. Describe how she can conduct the experiment. (2 marks)

*(d)

Josephine adds a bulb to the circuit as shown in Figure 13.4. Suggest how Josephine can estimate the efficiency of the transformer. State the measurement(s) she must take. Additional apparatus may be used if necessary. (3 marks) voltmeter transformer a.c. power bulb secondary primary coil coil Figure 13.4 voltmeter Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

supply

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HKDSE-PHY 1B19 (Sample Paper)

93

14.

In April 1986, a disastrous nuclear accident happened at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station. A large quantity of various radioactive substances was released and spread to neighbouring countries. The radiation levels recorded in these countries were much higher than the normal background count rate. (a) State ONE source of background radiation. (1 mark)

(b)

One of the radioactive isotopes released in the accident was caesium-137 (Cs-137). following equation shows how Cs-137 is produced :
235 92 U

The

+ 1n 0

137 55 Cs 235 92 U 137 55 Cs 95 37 Rb 1 0n

95 37 Rb +

x1n 0

Given :

mass of one nuclide of

= 235.0439 u = 136.9071 u = 94.9399 u = 1.0087 u

1 u is equivalent to 931 MeV (i) Answers written in the margins will not be marked. What is the value of x ? (1 mark) Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

*(ii)

Find the energy release in the fission of one U-235 nuclide in MeV.

(2 marks)

*(iii)

The half-life of Cs-137 is 30 years. A soil sample contaminated by Cs-137 has an activity of 1.2 106 Bq (disintegrations per second). A physicist comments that the contaminated sample will affect the environment for more than 350 years. Justify the physicists claim with calculations. It is known that the activity of an uncontaminated soil sample is 200 Bq. (2 marks)

END OF PAPER Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 1B20 (Sample Paper)

94

Please stick the barcode label here.

Candidate Number
HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

Markers Use Only Marker No.

Examiners Use Only Examiner No.

PHYSICS PAPER 2 (Sample Paper)

Question-Answer Book
Question No. Time allowed : 1 hour This paper must be answered in English Section A 1-8 Section A 9 INSTRUCTIONS (1) Write your Candidate Number in the space provided on Page 1. Stick barcode labels in the spaces provided on Pages 1, 3, 5 and 7. Answer the questions from any TWO sections of this paper. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this Question-Answer Book. Do not write in the margins. Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Supplementary answer sheets will be provided on request. Write your Candidate Number, mark the question number box and stick a barcode label on each sheet. Tie them loosely but securely with a string INSIDE this Question-Answer Book. The diagrams in this section are NOT necessarily drawn to scale. Section B 1-8 Section B 9 Section C 1-8 Section C 9 Section D 1-8 Section D 9 Marks Marks

(2) (3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

HKDSE-PHY 21 (Sample Paper)

95

Section A : Astronomy and Space Science

Given : 1 astronomical unit = 1.50 1011 m 1 parsec = 3.08 1016 m = 3.26 ly 1 light year = 9.46 1015 m Which of the following is NOT contained in the astronomical object shown in the figure ?

A1.

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A. B. C. D.

Cluster of galaxies Nebula Star Star cluster Answer :

A2.

Hong Kongs longitude and latitude are 114.1E and 22.3N respectively. celestial pole when observed in Hong Kong ? A. B. C. D. 22.3 65.9 67.7 114.1

What is the altitude of the north

Answer : A3. Which of the following statements concerning the celestial sphere model can be used to explain why stars in the east are rising and stars in the west are setting ? A. B. C. D. The celestial sphere rotates from west to east with a period of a day. The celestial sphere rotates from east to west with a period of a day. Stars move on the celestial sphere from west to east with a period of a year. Stars move on the celestial sphere from east to west with a period of a year. Answer :

A4.

According to the Ptolemys geocentric model, A. B. C. D. Jupiter moves in a circular orbit around the Earth. The Earth-Venus distance is always smaller than the Earth-Sun distance. The Earth-Mars distance is always smaller than the Earth-Sun distance. It is not possible to observe Jupiter at mid-night. Answer :

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HKDSE-PHY 22 (Sample Paper)

96

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Please stick the barcode label here.

A5.

Which statement is INCORRECT ? A. B. C. D. Planets move around stars in elliptical orbits. Comets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits. The cube of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the square of the length of its semi-major axis around the Sun. For a given planet orbiting around the Sun, the speed of the planet increases as its distance from the Sun decreases. Answer : What is its orbital

A6.

The average of the closest and farthest distances of a comet from the Sun is 18 AU. period ? A. B. C. D. 6.9 yr 18 yr 76 yr 200 yr

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(For Questions 7 and 8) A star has a luminosity 1000 times that of the Sun and its surface temperature is 3900 K.
A7. The star is a A. B. C. D. supernova. white dwarf. blue giant star. red giant star. Answer : A8. What is the radius of the star ? (Assume that the surface temperature of the Sun is 5800 K and that all stars are blackbody emitters.) A. B. C. D. 14 times the radius of the Sun 21 times the radius of the Sun 70 times the radius of the Sun 4900 times the radius of the Sun Answer :

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HKDSE-PHY 23 (Sample Paper)

97

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Answer :

A9.

The Crab Nebula is an expanding, roughly spherical shell of gas in the constellation Taurus. According to a recent study, its average apparent angular size is 5.8 arc minute. The whole nebula has negligible velocity relative to the Earth, and the nebula is at a distance of 2000 pc from the Earth. The wavelength of an O III spectral line found in the spectrum of the light emitted by the gas moving towards the Earth from around the middle part of the Crab Nebula is 374.13 nm along the line of sight of an observer on the Earth. The wavelength of the same spectral line observed in the laboratory is 375.99 nm. core of the nebula at the start

direction towards the Earth expanding spherical shell of gas

(a)

What is the radius of the Crab Nebula ?

Give your answer to two significant figures in parsecs. (2 marks) Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b)

Calculate the speed of that gas which is moving towards the Earth. two significant figures.

Give your answer in km s1 to (3 marks)

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HKDSE-PHY 24 (Sample Paper)

98

Please stick the barcode label here.

A9.

(c)

(i)

The Crab Nebula was formed by the explosion of a star whose size was negligible compared with the present size of the nebula. Estimate the age of the Crab Nebula. Give your answer to two significant figures in years. State the assumption made in your calculation. (3 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(ii)

Actually, the Chinese observed the stellar explosion which created the Crab Nebula in 1054 A.D. and so we know that its age is about 950 years. Give a possible reason to explain why the Crab Nebulas age estimated in (c)(i) is longer than 950 years. (2 marks)

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HKDSE-PHY 25 (Sample Paper)

99

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Section B : Atomic World

B1. Which of these conclusions could NOT be deduced from Rutherfords scattering experiment ? (1) (2) (3) Alpha particles are helium nuclei. There are discrete energy levels in an atom. The positive charge in an atom is confined to a very small region. A. B. C. D. (1) only (3) only (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only Answer : B2. The equivalent wavelength of a photon of energy 10 eV is A. B. C. D. 213 nm 124 nm 25.6 nm 19.7 nm Answer : Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Answers written in the margins will not be marked. B3. The ionization potential of a hydrogen atom is 13.6 V. How much energy is required to excite an electron from the ground state to the first excited state in a hydrogen atom ? A. B. C. D. 10.2 eV 6.8 eV 3.4 eV 1.9 eV Answer : B4. Energy 0

4E 6E The energy levels of a certain atom are as shown. the atom ? (1) (2) (3) an electron with kinetic energy 3E a photon with energy 2E a photon with energy 3E A. B. C. D. (2) only (3) only (1) and (2) only (1), (2) and (3) Answer : Which of these may undergo an inelastic collision with

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HKDSE-PHY 26 (Sample Paper)

100

Please stick the barcode label here.

B5.

In an experiment on the photoelectric effect, a beam of monochromatic light is directed onto a metal plate to liberate electrons. The velocity of the fastest photoelectrons emitted is A. B. C. D. directly proportional to the frequency of the incident light. directly proportional to the intensity of the incident light. independent of the nature of metal. independent of the intensity of the incident light. Answer :

B6. The work function W of five metals are tabulated below. Metal W /1019 J Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Caesium 3.4 Barium 4.0 Calcium 4.6 Magnesium Beryllium 5.9 8.0 Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

When monochromatic light of wavelength 400 nm is incident on each of the metals, how many of them would exhibit photoelectric emission ? A. B. C. D. 1 2 3 4 Answer : B7. Which of the following statements is/are correct ? (1) (2) (3) Photoelectric effect is an evidence that light possesses particle nature. Electron diffraction suggests that electrons can behave like waves. The line spectrum of atomic hydrogen suggests that the atom has discrete energy levels. A. B. C. D. (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only (1) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) Answer : B8. Graphite is a conductor because of the delocalization of electrons. electrons ? A. B. C. D. formed on the surface of graphite. formed within the carbon layers of graphite. formed homogeneously within graphite. formed in a sea of positive ions. Answer : Where are these delocalized

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HKDSE-PHY 27 (Sample Paper)

101

B9.

(a)

An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference V (in V). 1.23 Broglie wavelength (in nm) is given by . V

Show that its final de (2 marks)

(b)

In a transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are accelerated by a potential difference of 50 kV. (i) Estimate the final de Broglie wavelength of the electrons. (1 mark)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(ii)

Describe how the electrons are focused in the TEM and explain how the image of the sample is formed. (3 marks)

(iii)

Suggest ONE method to increase the resolving power of the TEM.

Explain.

(2 marks)

(c)

State ONE daily life application of nanotechnology and discuss any potential health risks associated with it. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 28 (Sample Paper)

102

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Section C : Energy and Use of Energy

C1. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) of a heat pump is A. B. C. D. the ratio of energy absorbed from the cold reservoir to the energy rejected to the hot reservoir. the heat energy rejected to the hot reservoir per unit work input. the ratio between the total energy input to the useful work done. the ratio between the extra work input to the total energy input. Answer :

C2.

In the figure, a light source is a perpendicular distance h above a horizontal surface. The amount of illuminance (unit: lux) of a point on the surface at a distance R from the source is directly proportional to light source h

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answer : C3. If each fission of uranium-235 liberates 200 MeV of energy, how much uranium-235 must undergo fission per second to generate a power of 1000 MW ? A. B. C. D. 2.0 2.2 5.2 1.2 1024 kg 1010 kg 108 kg 105 kg Answer : C4. Which of these is NOT an advantage of Battery Electric Vehicle ? A. B. C. D. zero emission low energy cost per kilometre covered long mileage range energy security by diversifying energy sources Answer :

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HKDSE-PHY 29 (Sample Paper)

103

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A. B. C. D.

cos2/R 2 cos2/h 2 cos3/h 2 cos3/R 2

point of measurement

C5.

Which of these actions reduces the heat gained in the summer by buildings in Hong Kong ? A. B. C. D. Increase the OTTV values of the building envelope Apply solar films on windows to reduce solar heat gain Minimise internal heat gain from indoor activities Improve the air-tightness of the building envelope Answer :

C6.

The solar constant is 1367 W m2 (power per unit area from the Sun reaching the outer atmosphere) and the Earth-Sun distance is 1.50 1011 m (i.e. 1 AU), estimate the total radiation power of the Sun. A. B. C. D. 3.9 1026 W 3.2 1025 W 2.3 1025 W 7.7 1024 W Answer :

C7.

In estimating the maximum power available from a wind turbine, what is assumed to true ? (1) (2) (3) The density of air is constant. The direction of wind relative to the orientation of the turbine is unchanged. The area swept by the turbine is constant. A. B. C. D. (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only (1) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) Answer :

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

C8.

A fuel cell cannot be classified as a Renewable Energy Source because A. B. C. D. it is a secondary energy source. its supply is limited. it is from fossil sources. the time scale for regeneration is too long. Answer :

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HKDSE-PHY 210 (Sample Paper)

104

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C9.

(a)

Gas cookers and induction cookers are common domestic cooking devices. conversion efficiencies and costs are tabulated below: Cooking device Gas cooker Induction cooker (i) Conversion efficiency 40% 75% Cost $0.25 per MJ $0.90 per kW h

Their typical

Explain how an induction cooker generates heat in a cooking vessel placed on it.

(2 marks)

(ii)

Give a reason why the conversion efficiency of gas cookers is much lower than that of induction cookers. (1 mark)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(iii)

If a gas cooker and an induction cooker are used to heat up 1 kg of water at room temperature of 25C to boiling. Calculate the cost of doing this for each cooker. (4 marks) Given : specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg1C1.

(b)

The European Commission is preparing to replace incandescent light bulbs across most of Europe by compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) or light emitting diodes (LEDs). State TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of such a move. (3 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 211 (Sample Paper)

105

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Section D : Medical Physics

The table shows the speed of sound in, and density of, different tissues. Tissue Fat Blood Muscle Bone D1. Speed of sound in tissue / m s1 1450 1570 1580 3050 Density / kg m3 952 1025 1076 2560

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

A man places his spectacles on a book as shown above. of vision does he have ? Lenses A. B. C. D. converging lenses converging lenses diverging lenses diverging lenses

What kind of lenses does he wear and what defect

Defect of vision long-sightedness short-sightedness long-sightedness short-sightedness Answer :

D2.

Which of these contribute to the attenuation of ultrasound when it passes through body tissues ? (1) (2) (3) interference scattering absorption A. B. C. D. (1) and (2) only (2) and (3) only (1) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) Answer :

D3.

Which part of the body is most clearly imaged with ultrasound ? A. B. C. D. lung bone liver intestine Answer :

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HKDSE-PHY 212 (Sample Paper)

106

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D4.

Ultrasound of intensity 10 mW cm2 is incident normally at a fat-muscle interface as shown. What is the intensity of the ultrasound reflected from the interface ? 0.11 mW cm2 0.33 mW cm2 0.67 mW cm2 0.89 mW cm2

A. B. C. D.

incident fat

reflected interface transmitted

muscle

Answer : D5. Which statements about Radionuclide Imaging (RNI) are correct ? (1) (2) (3) Answers written in the margins will not be marked. The image resolution of a radionuclide image is far worse than that of an X-ray image. RNI relies on its ability for the study of function rather than structure. A bone scan that shows a hot spot (i.e. intense increase uptake of tracer) in the bone reveals the existence of a tumour. A. B. C. D. (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) Answer : D6. Why is a rotating anode used in an X-ray tube ? A. B. C. D. To save energy To dissipate heat more efficiently To produce better image resolution To produce a more intense X-ray beam Answer : D7. Which criteria are essential when choosing radioactive sources as medical tracers in human bodies ? (1) (2) (3) The sources should have a short half-life. The radiation emitted should have a weak ionizing power. The radiation emitted should not be deflected by an electric field. A. B. C. D. (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) Answer : D8. The half-life of Tc-99m is 6 hours. A patient is given an injection containing 5.7 1018 kg of Tc-99m and the scan is taken 4 hours after the injection. Calculate how much Tc-99m remains undecayed when the scan is taken. A. B. C. D. 2.9 1018 kg 3.3 1018 kg 3.6 1018 kg 3.8 1018 kg Answer : Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 213 (Sample Paper)

107

D9.

(a)

nair nclad max ncore cladding glass fibre cladding The figure shows the cross-section of an optical fibre in an endoscope. Rays incident with angle smaller than a certain value max will fall into the range of guided modes, i.e. they can be transmitted to the far end of the optical fibre. (i) Complete the light ray in the figure and explain why it will be guided through the optical fibre. (3 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(ii)

Show that

1 2 2 sin max = (ncore nclad ) 2 . nair

(3 marks)

(b)

Briefly describe how an endoscope could be used to obtain tissue samples from inside the trachea of the lung, and explain why the endoscope is of particular use in this procedure. (4 marks)

END OF PAPER Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

HKDSE-PHY 214 (Sample Paper)

108

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.