


 𝐺𝑦 𝐽/𝐾𝑔

𝐵𝑞 𝑠 −1

𝐶 𝐹 𝐶⁄
𝑉

𝐺 𝑆 𝐴⁄
𝑉

𝐿 𝐻 𝑊𝑏⁄
𝐴

𝑉, 𝐸 𝑉 𝑊/𝐴

𝑅 Ω 𝑉⁄
𝐴

𝑊 𝐽 𝑁. 𝑚

𝐹 𝑁 𝑘𝑔. 𝑚⁄ 2
𝑠

𝑓 𝐻𝑧 𝑠 −1

𝐸 𝑙𝑥 𝑙𝑚⁄
𝑚2
 ∅ 𝑙𝑚 𝑐𝑑. 𝑠𝑟

∅ 𝑊𝑏 𝑉. 𝑠

𝑊𝑏
𝐵 𝑇 ⁄ 2
𝑚

𝑃 𝑊 𝐽⁄
𝑠

𝑝 𝑃𝑎 𝑁⁄
𝑚2

𝑄 𝐶 𝐴. 𝑠

R1 R2
Bateria
 1.062 × 10−19 𝐶

𝑞 𝑠

𝑑𝑞
𝑖=
𝑑𝑡

𝑞
𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑊

𝑑𝑊
𝑣=
𝑑𝑞

𝑗𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑜 𝑊
𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝐴

𝑅
Ω

𝑣
𝑅=
𝑖
 𝑑𝑞
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑊 𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑊
𝑉. 𝐼 = . = =𝑃
𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑊
𝑃=
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑊 = 𝑃𝑑𝑡 = 𝑉. 𝐼 𝑑𝑡

𝑊 = ∫ 𝑉. 𝐼 𝑑𝑡
 𝑉 = 𝑅. 𝐼

Bateria V= 12 V R1=4

𝑉 = 𝑅. 𝐼

𝑉 12𝑣
𝐼=𝑅= =3𝐴
4Ω

𝑃 = 𝑉. 𝐼 𝑃 = 12𝑣. 3𝐴 = 36𝑊
 100Ω

𝑉 𝑉2
𝑃 = 𝑉. 𝐼 𝐼=𝑅 𝑃= 𝑅

𝑉2
= 100 𝑉 2 = 100

𝑉 = 𝟏𝟎𝒗

𝑃 = 𝐼2. 𝑅
1 = 𝐼 2 . 100
1
𝐼= = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝑨
10

+ V1 - + V2 - + V3 -

R1 R2 R3
i
V
𝑣1 + 𝑣2 + 𝑣3 − 𝑣 = 0

𝑣 = 𝑣1 + 𝑣2 + 𝑣3

i4

i1 i3

Nodo
i2

𝑖1 + 𝑖3 + 𝑖4 − 𝑖2 = 0

𝑖2 = 𝑖1 + 𝑖3 + 𝑖4
 R1 R2 R3

𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + ⋯ + 𝑅𝑛 = 𝑅𝑇

𝑣 𝑖 = 25 𝐴

2 6 4

4
i

Fuente V

𝑅𝑇 = 4 + 2 + 6 + 4 = 16Ω
 16

Fuente V

𝑉 = 𝑅. 𝐼 = 16Ω . 25𝐴 = 400 𝑣

R1 R2 R3
 𝑅𝑇

4 2 6 4
 1 1 1 1
= + + ⋯+
𝑅𝑇 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑛

1 1 1 1 1
= + + + = 1.167
𝑅𝑇 4 2 6 4

𝑅𝑇 = 0.857Ω

v
 Nodo Nodo Nodo Nodo
i1 i2
C A B D

i3

i4
20 15 10

i5
100 v
10 10 80 v

Nodo E (Nodo de Referencia)

100 − 𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐵 𝑉𝐴
− − =0
20 15 10

𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐵 𝑉𝐴
5= + − +
20 15 15 10

300 = 3𝑉𝐴 + 4𝑉𝐴 − 4𝑉𝐵 + 6𝑉𝐴

13𝑉𝐴 − 4𝑉𝐵 = 300

𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐵 80 − 𝑉𝐵 𝑉𝐵
+ =
15 10 10

𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐵 80 − 𝑉𝐵 𝑉𝐵
+ =
3 2 2

2𝑉𝐴 − 2𝑉𝐵 + 240 − 3𝑉𝐵 = 3𝑉𝐵

2𝑉𝐴 − 8𝑉𝐵 = −240

−𝑉𝐴 + 4𝑉𝐵 = 120

𝑉𝐴 = 35 𝑣

−35 + 4𝑉𝐵 = 120

4𝑉𝐵 = 155

𝑉𝐵 = 38.75 𝑣

100 − 35 65
𝑖1 = = = 3.25 𝐴
20 20

35 − 38.75 3.75
𝑖2 = =− = −0.25 𝐴
15 15

𝑖2

𝑖3 = 𝑖1 + 𝑖2 = 3.25 + 0.25 = 3.5 𝐴

𝑉𝐵 38.75
𝑖4 = = = 3.875 𝐴
10 10

𝑖5 = 𝑖2 + 𝑖4 = 0.25 + 3.875 = 4.125 𝐴

4𝑖1 + 18𝑖2 = 10

9𝑖1 + 4𝑖2 = 4𝑖1 + 18𝑖2

14
𝑖1 = 𝑖
5 2

14
9 + 4𝑖2 = 10
5

𝑖2 = 0.343 𝐴

14 50
𝑖1 = . = 0.96 𝐴
5 146

0.343 + 0.96 = 1.303 𝐴

𝑑∅
𝑒 = −𝑁 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑠
𝑑𝑡
 𝑑𝑖
𝑒=𝐿
𝑑𝑡


 𝑙 𝑎

𝐼1
𝑎

𝜇𝑜 𝐼
𝐵=
2𝜋𝑎

𝜇𝑜 𝐼1
𝐹=( )𝐼 𝑙
2𝜋𝑎 2

𝐹 = 𝐵𝐼2 𝑙
 𝑑𝑖
𝑒=𝐿
𝑑𝑡

𝑑∅
𝑒=𝑁
𝑑𝑡

𝑑∅
𝑁
𝑑𝑡
 𝑑𝑖 𝑑∅
𝐿 =𝑁
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑁𝑑∅
𝐿=
𝑑𝑖

∅ 𝑖

𝑁∅
𝐿=
𝑖

𝑁 2 𝜇𝐴
𝐿=
𝑙
𝐼1

𝐼1
 𝐼1
𝐼2
 𝑉𝑚
⁄𝐼
𝑚
𝑥

𝑡=0
𝑡(𝜃) 𝑡 𝜃
𝑦 𝑡(𝜃)
𝜃 = 90º
𝑉𝑚
⁄𝐼 𝑡(𝜃)
𝑚
𝑦
90º +𝑦 𝜃 = 180º
 2𝜋 360º

𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠/𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝐻𝑧
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑔

2𝜋𝑓𝑡 = 𝜔𝑡

2𝜋𝑓𝑡 𝜔𝑡 𝜃

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜃

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡

𝜃 𝑡

𝑓
𝐻𝑧 50 𝐻𝑧
60 𝐻𝑧

1
𝑇=
𝑓

1
𝑓=
𝑇
 (𝜔)

2𝜋
𝜔= 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓
𝑇

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡

𝑉𝑚
𝜔𝑡 𝜔
𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝜔𝑡
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑇 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝜔𝑡 𝑡

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑡 + 𝜃)

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃) 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝜃
 𝑣 = 0.02 sin(4000𝑡 + 30º)
𝑡 = 320 𝜇𝑠

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑡 + 𝜃)

4000
2𝜋𝑓𝑡 = 400 𝑜 𝑓= = 637𝐻𝑧
2𝜋

𝑡 = 320𝜇𝑠

180
𝑣 = 0.02 sin (4000 × 320 × 10−6 × + 30º)
𝜋

𝑣 = 0.02 sin(73.3 + 30)

𝑣 = 0.02 sin(103.3)

𝑣 = 0.0195 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑠

1 1
= 637
𝑓

30 1
× 𝑠 = 0.131 𝑚𝑠
360 637

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 cos 𝜔𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 0º)

𝑉𝑚 ∠0º

𝐼 = 𝐼𝑚 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃)
 𝐼𝑚 ∠𝜃

𝑣(𝑡) = 100 cos(400𝑡 − 30º)

400 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑔

𝐕 = 100∠ − 30º

𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑅. 𝑖(𝑡)

𝑽 = 𝑅𝑰

8 cos(100𝑡 −
50º) 𝑽 Ω 𝑰

𝑣(𝑡) 8
𝑖(𝑡) = = cos(100𝑡 − 50º) = 2 cos(100𝑡 − 50º) 𝐴
𝑅 4

𝑽
𝑰= = 2∠ − 50º
𝑹
 𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
𝑣(𝑡) = 𝐿
𝑑𝑡

𝑽 = 𝑗𝜔𝐿𝑰

𝑑𝑣(𝑡)
𝑖(𝑡) = 𝐶
𝑑𝑡

𝑰 = 𝑗𝜔𝐶𝑽

𝑗 𝑖 𝑖
 𝑣1 (𝑡) + 𝑣2 (𝑡) + ⋯ + 𝑣𝑛 (𝑡) = 0

𝑽1 + 𝑽2 + ⋯ + 𝑽𝑁 = 0

𝑖1 (𝑡) + 𝑖2 (𝑡) + ⋯ + 𝑖𝑛 (𝑡) = 0

𝑰1 + 𝑰2 + ⋯ + 𝑰𝑁 = 0

𝑽
= 𝑅 = 𝒁𝑹 (𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎)
𝑰

𝑽
= 𝑗𝜔𝐿 = 𝒁𝑳 (𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎)
𝑰

𝑽 1
= = 𝒁𝑪 (𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎)
𝑰 𝑗𝜔𝐶
 𝑣1 (𝑡) 𝑣2 (𝑡)

-j5

V1 V2
j10
5 -j10
1 0º A j5 10 0.5 -90º

-j5

V1 V2
j10
5 -j10
1 0º A j5 10 0.5 -90º

Nodo de Referencia
 𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟏 − 𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏 − 𝑽𝟐
+ + + = 1∠0º = 1 = 𝐽0
5 −𝑗10 −𝑗5 𝑗10

𝑽𝟐 − 𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟐 − 𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟐
+ + + = −(0.5∠ − 90º) = 𝑗0.5
−𝑗5 𝑗10 𝑗5 10

(0.2 + 𝑗0.2)𝑽𝟏 − 𝑗0.1𝑽𝟐 = 1

−𝑗0.1𝑽𝟏 + (0.1 − 𝑗0.1)𝑽𝟐 = 𝑗0.5

𝑽𝟏 = 1 − 𝑗2 𝑉 𝑽𝟐 = −2 + 𝑗4 𝑉

𝑽𝟏 = 2.24∠ − 63.4º 𝑉

𝑽𝟐 = 4.47∠116.6º 𝑉

𝑣1 (𝑡) = 2.24 cos(𝜔𝑡 − 63.4º)𝑉

𝑣2 (𝑡) = 4.47 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 116.6º)𝑉

𝑝(𝑡) = 𝑣(𝑡) 𝑖(𝑡)

𝜃 𝜑

1 𝑇2
𝐼𝑒𝑓 = √ ∫ 𝑖 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0

𝑖(𝑡)

𝐼𝑚
𝐼𝑒𝑓 =
√2

𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠

1 𝑇 2
𝑉𝑒𝑓 = √ ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0

𝑣(𝑡)

𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑒𝑓 =
√2

𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
 |𝑺| = 𝑉𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝑒𝑓

𝑃 = |𝑺|

𝑃
𝐹𝑃 =
|𝑺|

𝑺 = 𝑃 + 𝑗𝑄

𝑃 𝑄
 𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
𝑣(𝑡) = 𝐿
𝑑𝑡

𝑽 = 𝑗𝑤𝐿𝑰

8∠ − 50º 𝑉 𝜔 = 100 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠

𝑽 8∠ − 50º
𝑰= = = −𝑗0.02∠ − 50 = (1∠ − 90º)(0.02∠ − 50º)
𝑗𝜔𝑳 𝑗100(4)

𝑰 = 0.02∠ − 140º 𝐴

𝑖(𝑡) = 0.02 cos(100𝑡 − 140º)𝐴 = 20 cos(100𝑡 − 140º) 𝑚𝐴

𝑑𝑣(𝑡)
𝑖(𝑡) = 𝐶
𝑑𝑡

𝑰 = 𝑗𝑤𝐶𝑰

-
 𝑖(𝑡)

1.5k 1k

V 1/3 H 1/6 µF

Ω.

𝑣𝑠 𝜔 = 3000 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠

𝑽 = 40∠ − 90º 𝑉

𝑗1𝑘Ω −𝑗2𝑘Ω

1.5k 1k

V j1k -j2k
 (𝑗)(1 − 𝑗2) 2+𝑗
𝒁𝑒𝑞 = 1.5 + = 1.5 +
𝑗 + 1 − 𝑗2 1−𝑗

2+𝑗1+𝑗 1 + 𝑗3
= 1.5 + = 1.5 +
1−𝑗1+𝑗 2

= 2 + 𝑗1.5 = 2.5∠36.87º 𝑘Ω

𝑽𝑠
𝑰=
𝒁𝑒𝑞

40∠ − 90º
𝑰= 𝑚𝐴
2.5∠36.87º

𝜔 = 3000 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 𝑖(𝑡)

40
𝑰= ∠ − 90º − 36.87º 𝑚𝐴 = 16.00∠ − 126.9º 𝑚𝐴
2.5

𝑖 (𝑡) = 16 cos(3000𝑡 − 126.9º) 𝑚𝐴


 𝑣1 = 𝑉𝑚1 cos(5𝑡 + 10º)

𝑣1 = 𝑉𝑚1 sin(5𝑡 + 90º + 10º)

− sin 𝜔𝑡 = sin(𝜔𝑡 ± 180º)

∓ sin 𝜔𝑡 = cos(𝜔𝑡 ± 90º)

-j

10 6 J0.4

6Ω 𝑗0.4Ω

1 1 1
= + = 0.166 − 𝑗2.5
𝑍1 6 𝑗0.4

𝑍1 = 0.0265 − 𝑗0.3982 Ω

j10

-j

10 0.0265-j0.3982
−𝑗Ω , 𝑗10Ω

𝑍2 = (0.0265 − 𝑗0.3982) + 𝑗10 − 𝑗 = 0.0265 + 𝑗8.6018 Ω

10 0.0265+j8.6018

𝑍2 10Ω

1 1 1
= + = 0.0999 − 𝑗0.1162Ω
𝑍𝑡 10 𝑗8.6018

𝑍𝑡 = 4.2525 + 𝑗4.943Ω

𝑍𝑡 = 6.5211∠49.298º

4.2525+j4.9438
 𝑍𝑡 = 4.2525 + 𝑗4.943Ω

𝑍𝑡 = 6.520∠49.294º Ω

(12,5)

x
 y

13
23°

13∠23º

(𝑥, 𝑦) (𝑟, 𝜃)
 𝑟 2 = 122 + 52
𝑟 = √122 + 52
𝑟 = √(144 + 25) = √169 = 13

5
tan(𝜃) =
12
−1
5
𝜃 = tan ( ) = 22.619º ≈ 23º
12

13∠23º

𝑟 = √(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )

𝑦
𝜃 = tan−1 ( )
𝑥

𝑥
cos(23º) =
13
𝑥 = 13. cos(23º) = 11.966 ≈ 12

𝑦
sin(23º) =
13
𝑦 = 13. sin(23º) = 5.007 ≈ 5

𝑥 = 𝑟. cos 𝜃
𝑦 = 𝑟. sin 𝜃



