🚀Preparation

Frontend Interview
Kit - Parikh Jain

Hello and welcome! I'm Parikh Jain, and I'm excited to share with you the ultimate
guide to mastering frontend interviews. This kit is a labor of love, drawn from my
extensive journey as an SDE at Amazon, a founding member at Coding Ninjas, and
the founder of Propeers. I’ve distilled my real-world experience into a
comprehensive resource that covers every topic you need to excel.

What You’ll Discover in This Kit:

Why This Kit?
HTML & CSS Interview Questions With Solutions & Code Snippets (25 Questions)
JavaScript Fundamentals With Solutions & Code Snippets (20 Questions)
Advanced JavaScript & ES6+ (20 Questions)
React Interview Questions With Solutions & Code Snippets (20 questions)

Angular Interview Questions With Solutions & Code Snippets (20 questions)
Vue JS Interview Questions With Solutions & Code Snippets ( 20 questions)

Performance Optimization & Best Practices With Solutions & Code Snippets(20 Questions)
Machine Coding Round Questions With Solutions And Code Snippets - Frontend (20
questions)
50+ Important Code snippets for Frontend Developer (HTML, CSS, Javascript, React,
Angular, Vue)
DSA Questions For Frontend Developer With Leetcode links ( 100 questions)

Why This Kit?

Real-World Experience:

🚀 Frontend Interview Preparation Kit - Parikh Jain 1

 I’ve been in the trenches, working with these technologies daily. This kit
reflects practical insights and strategies that have worked for me.

All-In-One Resource:
From foundational topics to advanced problem-solving, every page is
designed to give you a competitive edge.

Interview Confidence:

Whether you’re tackling whiteboard challenges or deep-dive coding rounds,

this guide will prepare you to showcase your best self.

Let’s Start

HTML & CSS Interview Questions With Solutions & Code Snippets
(25 Questions)

Sample Question 1: How do you create a responsive navigation bar using HTML
& CSS? (Intermediate)
Answer:
A responsive navigation bar typically uses semantic <nav> elements, lists for menu
items, and media queries to adapt styles for different screen sizes. Techniques
like Flexbox are often employed to align items.
Code Example:

<nav class="navbar">
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">About</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
</ul>

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 </nav>

.navbar ul {
display: flex;
list-style: none;
padding: 0;
}
.navbar li {
margin-right: 20px;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
.navbar ul {
flex-direction: column;
}
.navbar li {
margin: 10px 0;
}
}

Sample Question 2: How does CSS specificity work when combining selectors,
and how can you override styles defined with high specificity, such as inline
styles? (Hard)

Answer:
CSS specificity is calculated based on the number of ID selectors, class selectors,
and element selectors used. Inline styles have the highest specificity. To override
styles with high specificity, you can use the !important flag or create a selector with
higher specificity, though this should be done sparingly.
Code Example:

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 <!-- Inline style example -->
<div style="color: blue;">Text</div>
<!-- Override with !important -->
<style>
div {
color: red !important;
}
</style>

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JavaScript Fundamentals With Solutions & Code Snippets (20

Questions)

1. Sample Question: What is event bubbling and capturing in JavaScript?

(Intermediate)
Answer:

Event bubbling occurs when an event propagates from the target element up
through its ancestors. Capturing is the reverse process, where events are
handled from the outer elements down to the target element.

Code Example:

// Bubbling phase (default)

document.getElementById("child").addEventListener("click", () => {
console.log("Child clicked");
}, false);

// Capturing phase
document.getElementById("child").addEventListener("click", () => {

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 console.log("Child clicked");
}, true);

2. Sample Question: What is memoization in JavaScript and how can it be

implemented? (Advanced)

Answer:

Memoization is an optimization technique that caches the results of function

calls based on their input arguments. When the same inputs occur again, the
cached result is returned instead of re-computing the value.

Code Example:

function memoize(fn) {
const cache = {};
return function(...args) {
const key = JSON.stringify(args);
if (cache[key]) {
return cache[key];
}
const result = fn(...args);
cache[key] = result;
return result;
}
}
const factorial = memoize(function(n) {
if (n === 0) return 1;
return n * factorial(n - 1);
});
console.log(factorial(5)); // 120

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Advanced JavaScript & ES6+ (20 Questions)

🚀 Frontend Interview Preparation Kit - Parikh Jain 5

 1. Sample Question: What are generator functions in JavaScript and how do
they differ from regular functions? (Advanced)

Answer: Generator functions can pause and resume execution using the yield
keyword. They return an iterator that produces a sequence of values on
demand.

Code Example:

function* numberGenerator() {
let num = 0;
while (true) {
yield num++;
}
}
const gen = numberGenerator();
console.log(gen.next().value); // 0
console.log(gen.next().value); // 1

2. Sample Question: Explain the concept of iterators and the Symbol.iterator

property. (Advanced)
Answer: Iterators are objects with a next() method that returns { value, done }.
An object is iterable if it implements the Symbol.iterator method, which returns
such an iterator.

Code Example:

const myIterable = {
data: [1, 2, 3],
[Symbol.iterator]() {
let index = 0;
const data = this.data;
return {
next() {

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 if (index < data.length) {
return { value: data[index++], done: false };
} else {
return { done: true };
}
}
};
}
};
for (const value of myIterable) {
console.log(value);
}

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React Interview Questions With Solutions & Code Snippets (20

questions)
1. Sample Question: How do you implement lazy loading of components using
React.lazy and Suspense? (Intermediate)
Answer:

Lazy loading delays loading a component until it is needed. React.lazy and

Suspense work together to load components asynchronously with a fallback
UI while loading.

Code Example:

import React, { Suspense } from 'react';

const LazyComponent = React.lazy(() => import('./LazyComponent'));
function App() {
return (
<Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>

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 <LazyComponent />
</Suspense>
);
}
export default App;

2. Sample Question: How does the React Context API work for managing
global state? (Intermediate)

Answer:
The Context API provides a way to pass data through the component tree
without having to pass props down manually at every level. It’s useful for
global data like themes, user authentication, or language settings.

Code Example:

import React, { createContext, useState } from 'react';

const ThemeContext = createContext();
function ThemeProvider({ children }) {
const [theme, setTheme] = useState('light');
return (
<ThemeContext.Provider value={{ theme, setTheme }}>
{children}
</ThemeContext.Provider>
);
}
export { ThemeContext, ThemeProvider };

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Angular Interview Questions With Solutions & Code Snippets (20

questions)

🚀 Frontend Interview Preparation Kit - Parikh Jain 8

 1. Sample Question: How do you share data between Angular components
using services? (Intermediate)
Answer: Angular services are singleton objects that can be injected into
multiple components to share data and logic.

Code Example:

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';

@Injectable({
providedIn: 'root'
})
export class SharedService {
data: string = 'Shared Data';
}
// In a component:
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { SharedService } from './shared.service';
@Component({
selector: 'app-shared',
template: `<p>{{ sharedService.data }}</p>`
})
export class SharedComponent {
constructor(public sharedService: SharedService) { }
}

2. Question: How does lazy loading work in Angular and why is it beneficial?
(Intermediate)
Answer: Lazy loading loads feature modules only when needed, reducing the
initial bundle size and improving application startup performance.

Code Example:

🚀 Frontend Interview Preparation Kit - Parikh Jain 9

 const routes: Routes = [
{
path: 'feature',
loadChildren: () => import('./feature/feature.module').then(m => m.Featur
eModule)
}
];

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Vue JS Interview Questions With Solutions & Code Snippets ( 20

questions)

1. Sample Question: How do you pass data from a parent component to a child
component in Vue? (Intermediate)

Answer:
Data is passed from a parent to a child using props. The child component
declares the props it expects, and the parent binds data to those props.

Code Example:

// Child Component (Greeting.vue)

<template>
<h2>Hello, {{ name }}!</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: ['name']
}
</script>

// Parent Component

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 <template>
<div>
<Greeting name="Alice" />
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Greeting from './Greeting.vue';
export default {
components: { Greeting }
}
</script>

2. Sample Question: How do you implement lazy loading of Vue components,

and what are the benefits? (Advanced)
Answer:
Lazy loading in Vue is achieved using dynamic imports and asynchronous
components. It helps reduce the initial bundle size and improves application
load times by loading components only when needed.
Code Example:

// In a Vue component
const AsyncComponent = () => import('./components/AsyncComponent.vu
e');
export default {
components: {
AsyncComponent
},
template: `<AsyncComponent />`
}

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🚀 Frontend Interview Preparation Kit - Parikh Jain 11

 Build Tools & Testing With Solutions & Code Snippets(10 Questions)

1. Sample Question: What is ESLint and how do you configure it in a project?

Answer:
ESLint is a static code analysis tool that helps enforce coding standards and
catch potential errors. It is configured via a configuration file (e.g.,
.eslintrc.json) where you specify rules and environments.
Code Example:

// .eslintrc.json
{
"env": {
"browser": true,
"node": true,
"es6": true},
"extends": "eslint:recommended",
"rules": {
"semi": ["error", "always"],
"quotes": ["error", "single"]
}
}

2. Sample Question: How do you set up end-to-end testing with Cypress?

Answer:
Cypress is an end-to-end testing framework that runs tests directly in the
browser. It provides an interactive interface for writing tests that simulate real
user interactions.
Code Example:

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 // cypress/integration/sample_spec.js
describe('My First Test', () => {
it('Visits the app and checks content', () => {
cy.visit('http://localhost:3000');
cy.contains('Welcome');
});
});

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Performance Optimization & Best Practices With Solutions &

Code Snippets(20 Questions)
1. Sample Question: How can Web Workers improve JavaScript performance?
Answer: Web Workers run scripts in background threads separate from the
main execution thread, preventing heavy computations from blocking the UI.
They are ideal for CPU-intensive tasks.
Code Example:

// main.js
const worker = new Worker('worker.js');
worker.postMessage('Start processing');
worker.onmessage = function(event) {
console.log('Result:', event.data);
};
// worker.js
onmessage = function(event) {
// Perform heavy computation here
postMessage('Processing complete');

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 };

2. Sample Question: How can you optimize animations for smoother

performance?

Answer: Optimize animations by using CSS transforms and opacity (which are
GPU-accelerated), avoiding layout changes during animations, and preferring CSS
animations over JavaScript when possible.
Code Example:

@keyframes fadeIn {
from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px); }
to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}
.animated {
animation: fadeIn 0.5s ease-in-out;
}

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Machine Coding Round Questions With Solutions And Code

Snippets - Frontend (20 questions)

1
. Countdown Timer
Problem:
Implement a countdown timer that counts down to a specified future date.
Solution:
HTML:

🚀 Frontend Interview Preparation Kit - Parikh Jain 14

 <div id="timer">
<span id="days"></span>d
<span id="hours"></span>h
<span id="minutes"></span>m
<span id="seconds"></span>s
</div>

JavaScript:

const countdownDate = new Date("Dec 31, 2025 23:59:59").getTime();

const timerInterval = setInterval(() => {
const now = new Date().getTime();
const distance = countdownDate - now;
if (distance < 0) {
clearInterval(timerInterval);
document.getElementById("timer").innerHTML = "EXPIRED";
return;
}
document.getElementById("days").innerText = Math.floor(distance / (1000 *
60 * 60 * 24));
document.getElementById("hours").innerText = Math.floor((distance % (100
0 * 60 * 60 * 24)) / (1000 * 60 * 60));
document.getElementById("minutes").innerText = Math.floor((distance % (10
00 * 60 * 60)) / (1000 * 60));
document.getElementById("seconds").innerText = Math.floor((distance % (1
000 * 60)) / 1000);
}, 1000);

──────────────────────────────
Infinite Scrolling with Lazy Loading

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 Problem:
Create an infinite scroll list that dynamically loads more items as the user scrolls
down. Each item includes an image that is lazy loaded when it enters the viewport.

Plain Implementation:
HTML:

<div id="infinite-scroll-container">
<ul id="item-list"></ul>
</div>

CSS:

#infinite-scroll-container {
height: 400px;
overflow-y: auto;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 10px;
}
#item-list li {
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
#item-list img {
width: 100%;
display: block;
opacity: 0;
transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in;
}
#item-list img.visible {
opacity: 1;
}

🚀 Frontend Interview Preparation Kit - Parikh Jain 16

 JavaScript:

const container = document.getElementById('infinite-scroll-container');

const list = document.getElementById('item-list');

let page = 1;
const loadItems = async () => {
// Simulated API call (replace with actual API)
for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
const li = document.createElement('li');
li.innerHTML = `
<h4>Item ${page * 10 + i}</h4>
<img data-src="https://via.placeholder.com/400x200?text=Item+${page
* 10 + i}" alt="Item Image">
`;
list.appendChild(li);
}
lazyLoadImages();
page++;
};

const lazyLoadImages = () => {

const images = document.querySelectorAll('img[data-src]');
const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries, obs) => {
entries.forEach(entry => {
if (entry.isIntersecting) {
const img = entry.target;
img.src = img.dataset.src;
img.classList.add('visible');
obs.unobserve(img);
}
});
}, { threshold: 0.1 });
images.forEach(img => observer.observe(img));
};

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 container.addEventListener('scroll', () => {
if (container.scrollTop + container.clientHeight >= container.scrollHeight - 10)
{
loadItems();
}
});

// Initial load
loadItems();

React Implementation:

// InfiniteScroll.jsx
import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';

function InfiniteScroll() {
const [items, setItems] = useState([]);
const [page, setPage] = useState(1);
const containerRef = useRef(null);

const loadItems = () => {

const newItems = [];
for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
newItems.push({
id: page * 10 + i,
text: `Item ${page * 10 + i}`,
image: `https://via.placeholder.com/400x200?text=Item+${page * 10 + i}`,
});
}
setItems(prev => [...prev, ...newItems]);
setPage(prev => prev + 1);
};

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 // Lazy load images using Intersection Observer
useEffect(() => {
const images = document.querySelectorAll('img[data-src]');
const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries, obs) => {
entries.forEach(entry => {
if (entry.isIntersecting) {
const img = entry.target;
img.src = img.dataset.src;
img.classList.add('visible');
obs.unobserve(img);
}
});
}, { threshold: 0.1 });
images.forEach(img => observer.observe(img));
return () => observer.disconnect();
}, [items]);

const handleScroll = () => {

if (containerRef.current) {
const { scrollTop, clientHeight, scrollHeight } = containerRef.current;
if (scrollTop + clientHeight >= scrollHeight - 10) {
loadItems();
}
}
};

useEffect(() => {
loadItems();
}, []);

return (
<divid="infinite-scroll-container"
ref={containerRef}
style={{ height: '400px', overflowY: 'auto', border: '1px solid #ccc', padding: '
onScroll={handleScroll}
>

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 <ul id="item-list">
{items.map(item => (
<li key={item.id} style={{ marginBottom: '20px' }}>
<h4>{item.text}</h4>
<imgdata-src={item.image}
alt={`Item ${item.id}`}
style={{ width: '100%', display: 'block', opacity: 0, transition: 'opacity 0.5
/>
</li>
))}
</ul>
</div>
);
}

export default InfiniteScroll;

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50+ Important Code snippets for Frontend Developer (HTML,

CSS, Javascript, React, Angular, Vue)
──────────────────────────────

Sample 1
. Closure Example

Demonstrates closure for data encapsulation.

javascript
Copy
function counter() {
let count = 0;
return function() {
count++;
return count;
};

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 }
const increment = counter();
console.log(increment()); // 1
console.log(increment()); // 2

Sample 2
. Mapping Over an Array in React
Generates a list from an array.

jsx
Copy
function FruitList({ fruits }) {
return (
<ul>
{fruits.map((fruit, index) => <li key={index}>{fruit}</li>)}
</ul>
);
}

──────────────────────────────

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DSA Questions For Frontend Developer With Leetcode links ( 100

questions)

Available in full version. Checkout here : https://parikh.club/3RbL5D7

🚀 Frontend Interview Preparation Kit - Parikh Jain 21