MATH54U

Date : 15-09-2024 STD 12 Commerce / Arts Maths (commerce) Total Mark : 29

WEEKLY TEST

Section A

* Answer the following question. [3]

1.
8 0 0
⎡ ⎤
The matrix ⎢ 0 8 0⎥ is
⎣ ⎦
0 0 8

(A) identity matrix (B) scalar matrix (C) null matrix (D) diagonal matrix
Ans : (b) scalar matrix
2. a 0 0
⎡ ⎤
If A = ⎢0 a 0⎥ , then | adj A| =
⎣ ⎦
0 0 a

(A) a 12
(B) a 9
(C) a
6
(D) a−3

Ans : (c) a6

Hint:
2
a 0 0
⎡ ⎤
2
adj A = ⎢ 0 a 0 ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦
0 0 a
2 4 6
∴ | adj A| = a (a − 0) = a

3. When only one discount is given then

(A) List price = Invoice price (B) Invoice price = Net selling price
(C) Invoice price = Cost price (D) Cost price = Net selling price
Ans : Invoice price = Net selling price

Section B

* Solve the following Question [6]

1. Prepare the truth tables for the following statement patterns : (~p ∨ q) ∧ (~p ∨
~q)

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 Ans :
2. Represent the following statements by Venn diagrams : If n is a prime number
and n ≠ 2, then it is odd.
Ans : Let U : set of all real numbers
P : set of all prime numbers n, where n ≠ 2
O : set of all odd numbers.
Then the Venn diagram represents the truth of the given statement is as below:

P⊂O
3. 2

Construct a matrix A = [a whose elements aij isgiven by :

(i−j)
ij ] aij =
3×2 5−i

a11 a12
⎛ ⎞
Ans : A = [aij ]
3×2
= ⎜ a21 a22 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
a31 a32

Now, a
(i−j)

ij =
5−i

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 2
(1 − 1) 0
∴ a11 = = = 0
5−1 4
2
(1 − 2) 1
a12 = =
5−1 4

2
(2 − 1) 1
a21 = =
5−2 3
2
(2 − 2) 0
a22 = = = 0
5−2 3
2
(3 − 1) 4
a31 = = = 2
5−3 2
2
(3 − 2) 1
a32 = =
5−3 2
1
0
⎡ 4 ⎤
1
∴ A = ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 3 ⎥

⎣ 1 ⎦
2
2

Section C

* Solve the following Question [12]

1. State the dual of each of the following statements by applying the principle of
duality:
(i) (p ∧ ~q) ∨ (~p ∧ q) ≡ (p ∨ q) ∧ ~(p ∧ q)
(ii) p ∨ (q ∨ r) ≡ ~[(p ∧ q) ∨ (r ∨ s)]
(iii) 2 is an even number or 9 is a perfect square.
Ans : The duals are given by:
(i) (p ∨ ~q) ∧ (~p ∨ q) ≡ (p ∧ q) ∨ ~(p ∨ q)
(ii) p ∧ (q ∧ r) ≡ ~[(p ∨ q) ∧ (r ∧ s)]
(iii) 2 is an even number and 9 is a perfect square.
2.
1 2 2
⎡ ⎤
If A = ⎢2 1 2⎥ , show that 2
A − 4A is a scalar matrix.
⎣ ⎦
2 2 1

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 1 2 2 1 2 2
⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞
2
A = A ⋅A = ⎜2 1 2⎟⎜2 1 2⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
2 2 1 2 2 1

1+4+4 2+2+4 2+4+2

⎛ ⎞
= ⎜2+2+4 4+1+4 4+2+2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
2+4+2 4+2+2 4+4+1

9 8 8
⎛ ⎞
= ⎜8 9 8⎟
⎝ ⎠
8 8 9

Ans : ⎛
9 8 8
⎞ ⎛
1 2 2
⎞
2
∴ A − 4A = ⎜ 8 9 8⎟ −4⎜2 1 2⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
8 8 9 2 2 1

9 8 8 4 8 8
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
= ⎜8 9 8⎟ −⎜8 4 8⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
8 8 9 8 8 4

5 0 0
⎛ ⎞
= ⎜0 5 0⎟
⎝ ⎠
0 0 5

which is a scalar matrix.

3. 2 −2
Find the inverses of the following matrices by the adjoint mathod : [ ]
4 5

2 −2
Let A = [ ]
4 5

2 −2
∴ |A| = [ ] = 10 + 8 = 18 ≠ 0
4 5

Ans : ∴ A
−1
exists.
1+1
A11 = (−1) M11 = (1)(5) = 5
1+2
A12 = (−1) M12 = (−1)(4) = −4
2+1
A21 = (−1) M21 = (−1)(−2) = 2

2+2
A22 = (−1) M22 = (1)(2) = 2

∴ The matrix of the co-factors is

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 A11 A12 5 −4
[Aij ] = [ ] = [ ]
2×2
A21 A22 2 2

⊤
5 2
Now adj A = [Aij ] = [ ]
2×2
−4 2

1
∴ A−1 = (adj A)
|A|

1 5 2
= [ ].
18 −4 2

4. Find inverse of the following matrices (if they exist) by elementary

1 −1
transformation : [ ]
2 3

1 −1
Ans : Let A = ( )
2 3

∣1 −1 ∣
Then |A| = ∣ ∣ = 3 − (−2) = 5 ≠ 0
∣2 3 ∣

∴ A exists.
−1

We write, AA −1
= I

1 −1 −1
1 0
∴ ( )A = ( )
2 3 0 1

By R2 − 2R1 , we get
1 −1 −1
1 0
( ]A = ( )
0 5 −2 1

By (
1

5
) R2 , we get
1 −1 1 0
−1
[ ]A = [ ]
2 1
0 1 −
5 5

By R1 + R2 , we get
1
1 0 3
−1 5
[ ]A = [ ]
2 1
0 1 −
5 5

3 1

−1 5 5
∴ A = [ ]
2 1
−
5 5

Section D

* Solve the Following Question.(4 Marks) [8]

1. Using the truth table, verify:
(i) p ∨ (q ∧ r) = (p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)
(ii) p → (p → q) ≡ ~q → (p → q)
(iii) ~(p → ~q) ≡ p ∧ ~(~q) ≡ p ∧ q
(iv) ~(p ∨ q) ∨ (~p ∧ q) ≡ ~p

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Ans : 1.
The entries in columns 5 and 8 are identical.
∴ p ∨ (q ∧ r) ≡ (p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r).

2.
The entries in columns 5 and 6 are identical.
∴ p → (p → q) ≡ ~q → (p → q)

3.
The entries in columns 5, 7 and 8 are identical.
∴ ~(p → ~q) ≡ p ∧ ~(~q) ≡ p ∧ q.

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 4.
The entries in columns 3 and 7 are identical.
∴ ~(p ∨ q) ∨ (~p ∧ q) ≡ ~p.
2. 2a + b 3a − b 2 3
If [ ] = [ ] , find a, b, c and d.
c + 2d 2c − d 4 −1

2a + b 3a − b 2 3
Ans : [ ] = [ ]
c + 2d 2c − d 4 −1

By equality of matrices,

2a + b = 2 … . . (1)

3a − b = 3 … … . (2)

c + 2d = 4 … … . (3)

2c − d = −1 … … . (4)

Adding (1) and (2), we get

5a = 5

∴ a = 1

Substituting a = 1 in (1), we get

2(1) + b = 2

∴ b = 0

Multiplying equation (4) by 2 , we get

4c − 2d = −2 … … (5)

Adding (3) and (5), we get

5c = 2

2
∴ c =
5

Substituting c =
2

5
in (4), we get
2
2( ) − d = −1
5

4 9
∴ d = +1 =
5 5

Hence, a = 1, b = 0, c = 2

5
and d =
9

5
.
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