CN Manual
CN Manual
Computer Networks
LAB
MANUAL # 02
2.ipconfig /all
ipconfig /all is an extended version of the ipconfig command. It displays
comprehensive information about the device's network configuration,
including not only the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway, but
also details such as DNS server addresses, MAC (Media Access Control)
address and more.
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3.Getmac
Getmac is a Windows command used to display the Media Access Control
(MAC) addresses for each network adapter in the computer. It gives
physical address of our device which is in hexadecimal format.
Note: MAC addresses are assigned at the hardware level and are used to
distinguish and address individual devices within a local network.
4.Route print
Displays the routing table, including network destinations, gateways, and
interface metrics.
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5. systeminfo
The systeminfo command displays a list of details about your operating
system, computer hardware and software components.
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6.nslookup
By using this command, we can check IP address of any website using this
command. Here we will check the IP address of www.google.com &
www.youtube.com Formatted: Font: 11 pt
7. tracert
Traces the route Internet Protocol(IP) packets take to reach a destination.
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8. hostname
Shows the computer's host name.
9.Netstat
Shows and monitors active network connections.
10. ping
The ping command is used to test the ability of the source computer to reach a
specified destination computer. It's usually used as a simple way to verify that a
computer can communicate over the network with another computer or
network device. You can explore the following ping options by entering
commands like:
• ping -a www.google.com Formatted: Font: 11 pt
11. arp –a
The arp -a command is used to display the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
table on a computer. ARP is responsible for mapping IP addresses to MAC
addresses on a local network. ARP table contains IP-to-MAC mappings for all
devices your system has communicated with on the local network (LAN).
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13.msinfo32
Microsoft System Information - The "msinfo32" command is a built-in Windows
(GUI) utility that provides detailed system information about your computer like
hardware configuration, computer components, software and drivers. This
command is a convenient way to access comprehensive system information on
Windows computers.
14. pathping
Combines ping and tracert to analyze network latency and packet loss.
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MANUAL # 03
Cisco Packet Tracer Downloading & Installation
Introduction
Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulation tool. It is designed to help
students and network professionals learn and practice networking concepts in a
virtual environment. Cisco Packet Tracer provides a safe and interactive platform
for designing, configuring, and troubleshooting network scenarios without the
need for physical hardware.
Downloading “Cisco Packet Tracer”
Step#1: Visit the Cisco Networking Academy website
https://www.netacad.com/ and Click on the "Sign In" or "Log In" button, located
in the top right corner of the website.
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Step#2: On the login page, you should see an option to "Sign Up"(if you want
to create an account) otherwise enter the email address(Google email) and click
on “Next”.
On creation by google account, you’ll see the name starting from Muhammad as
account is created by pressing google account. If someone doesn’t want to
create the account by sign up, then by accessing it through google account is
beneficial as it reduces time.
Step#4: Click the option “Getting Started with Cisco Packet Tracer”.
Troubleshooting
Common issues that users may encounter during the download and installation
process of Cisco Packet Tracer, along with potential solutions, include:
1. Incompatible Operating System:
Issue: Cisco Packet Tracer may not be compatible with certain operating
systems.
Solution: Check the system requirements on the official Cisco website to
ensure your operating system is supported. If not, consider using a
different computer or virtual machine with a compatible OS.
2. Insufficient System Resources:
Issue: Your computer may not meet the minimum hardware requirements for
Packet Tracer.
Solution: Upgrade your computer's hardware (e.g., RAM, CPU) if possible.
Alternatively, close unnecessary background applications to free up system
resources.
3. Compatibility Mode (Windows):
Issue: Running Packet Tracer in compatibility mode for an older Windows
version may lead to issues.
Solution: Ensure you run Packet Tracer without compatibility mode enabled.
4. Firewall or Antivirus Blocking:
Issue: Security software, including firewalls and antivirus programs, might block
Packet Tracer.
Solution: Temporarily disable or configure your security software to allow
Packet Tracer to be downloaded and installed. Be sure to re-enable protection
afterward.
5. Incomplete Download: Issue:
The download of the Packet Tracer setup file may be incomplete or corrupted.
Solution: Delete the incomplete download and re-download the setup file from
the official Cisco website to ensure its complete.
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MANUAL 04
Task 01
Connect 12 PCs to a switch, assign static IP addresses to each PC, and verify
connectivity by pinging these PCs.
Step 02:
To do so we have to assign each PC’s a IP address which must be different from
the other ones. In that respect we simply need to go to one of the pc to click on it
and then desktop option will appear. After that ip configuration icon will present
where we will assign it an ip address.
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Step 03:
As you see in Realtime observation, after sending message from one pc to
another, it is shown that the packet is successfully transferred with each other.
Likewise for PC0, PC2 and PC 5 as well.
In Simulation Observation, we have seen that the packets are transferred
smoothly without any ambiguity.
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But after entering ping 192.168.1.1 or in between 12 or even 12th Pc’s ip address
it will show some information like this.
Task 02
Create a network that consist of three switches to connect devices such as
printers, personal computers, and laptops for efficient communication and
data exchange.
Add 6 x PCs
Add 3 x Laptops
Add 3 x Printers
as the connection is built but still their Ip’s are missing so the message like
packets of data will not be transferred from one to another pc or other
telecommunication devices.
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From this you can now see the actual difference that after sending message from
one device to another, it does successfully transferred either it’s laptop, pc or
printer.
Step 03: Simulation observation
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As you can see that after pinging printer’s ip address insertion results in
successful transfer of data packet/message.
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Task 03
Implement a network that utilizes a hub to connect devices such personal
computers and laptops for data exchange. Also perform simulation and
distinguish the working of hub and a switch.
This is a hub network with three devices like PC 1,2 and 3 as well. Also their Ip’s
are assigned and a connection is built to see what happen when we simulate it’s
working!
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As you see a switch network is established with three laptop devices along with
their assigned Ip address. Let’s get a closer look on what happen when we
perform it’s simulation by transferring data/message from one to another laptop!
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Pinging:
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MANUAL 05
Task 01
Create and Configure the Bus Topology. Save the .pkt file and Include
screenshots in the lab manual.
Step 1: To add a switch, on the Bottom Left side of the screen, click the switch
icon. Select the switch. Drag and drop 6 Switches by following this step.
Pinging:
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Simulation observation:
Task 02
Create the following Star, ring and Mesh Topologies in Cisco Packet Tracer.
Star topology:
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But their Ip’s are not assigned yet. However, after assigning their Ip addresses, It
will appear like that;
As in above screenshot, all the connections are peacefully established without any
error or ambiguity. Hence Successfully accomplished.
Simulation Observation:
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Pinging:
On Clicking one of the given devices, the command prompt icon will appear, and
by inserting the ping and ip address of the other devices, we will know the packet
transfer allowance in between them.
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Mesh Topology:
This is how a mesh topology is created. By inserting switches like 4 and each
with one device for communication and stable connectivity.
IP configuration: Ip’s are assigned to all the devices for message transfer.
As you can see, messages/data packets are successfully transferred from one
device to another.
Simulation Observation:
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Pinging:
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Ring Topology:
IP configuration:
Simulation Observation:
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Pinging: