0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views52 pages

CN Manual

The document is a lab manual for a computer networks course, detailing basic networking commands and their functions, such as ipconfig, ping, and tracert. It also includes instructions for downloading and installing Cisco Packet Tracer, troubleshooting common issues, and practical tasks involving network configurations and topologies. The manual emphasizes hands-on learning through simulations and assignments involving various network setups.

Uploaded by

shahwaizarts
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views52 pages

CN Manual

The document is a lab manual for a computer networks course, detailing basic networking commands and their functions, such as ipconfig, ping, and tracert. It also includes instructions for downloading and installing Cisco Packet Tracer, troubleshooting common issues, and practical tasks involving network configurations and topologies. The manual emphasizes hands-on learning through simulations and assignments involving various network setups.

Uploaded by

shahwaizarts
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 52

1

Computer Networks
LAB

LAB MANUALS (BSSE)


Section (B)
Semester (04)
NAME: Muhammad Shahwaiz
ID:23018065075
Instructor: “Ma’am Jaweria Jalil”
KNOWLEDGE UNIT OF SYSTEMS AND
TECHNOLOGY, UMT, SIALKOT
2

MANUAL # 02

Basic Networking Commands


1. Ipconfig:
ipconfig (Internet Protocol Configuration) is a Windows command-line
tool used to view and manage network settings. It displays IP addresses,
subnet masks, and default gateways. Common uses include
troubleshooting network issues, renewing IP addresses, and flushing the
DNS cache.
3

2.ipconfig /all
ipconfig /all is an extended version of the ipconfig command. It displays
comprehensive information about the device's network configuration,
including not only the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway, but
also details such as DNS server addresses, MAC (Media Access Control)
address and more.
4

3.Getmac
Getmac is a Windows command used to display the Media Access Control
(MAC) addresses for each network adapter in the computer. It gives
physical address of our device which is in hexadecimal format.

Note: MAC addresses are assigned at the hardware level and are used to
distinguish and address individual devices within a local network.
4.Route print
Displays the routing table, including network destinations, gateways, and
interface metrics.
5

The number of routes depends on:


 Active network interfaces (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, VPN)
 Default gateway and internet access Connected subnets (e.g., VLANs,
corporate networks)
 Static routes added manually Routes assigned by DHCP or routing
 protocols Special system routes (loopback, multicast, broadcast)

5. systeminfo
The systeminfo command displays a list of details about your operating
system, computer hardware and software components.
6

6.nslookup
By using this command, we can check IP address of any website using this
command. Here we will check the IP address of www.google.com &
www.youtube.com Formatted: Font: 11 pt

7. tracert
Traces the route Internet Protocol(IP) packets take to reach a destination.
7

8. hostname
Shows the computer's host name.

9.Netstat
Shows and monitors active network connections.

10. ping
The ping command is used to test the ability of the source computer to reach a
specified destination computer. It's usually used as a simple way to verify that a
computer can communicate over the network with another computer or
network device. You can explore the following ping options by entering
commands like:
• ping -a www.google.com Formatted: Font: 11 pt

• ping -i 24 www.google.com Formatted: Font: 11 pt

• ping -v www.google.com Formatted: Font: 11 pt


8

And for Ping


9

11. arp –a
The arp -a command is used to display the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
table on a computer. ARP is responsible for mapping IP addresses to MAC
addresses on a local network. ARP table contains IP-to-MAC mappings for all
devices your system has communicated with on the local network (LAN).
10

12. netsh wlan show profile


Display a list of all saved Wi-Fi network profiles.
11

13.msinfo32
Microsoft System Information - The "msinfo32" command is a built-in Windows
(GUI) utility that provides detailed system information about your computer like
hardware configuration, computer components, software and drivers. This
command is a convenient way to access comprehensive system information on
Windows computers.

Within each category, you can further navigate to subcategories by selecting


them in the GUI interface, allowing you to access even more detailed
information about your system.
12

Additional Five Networking Commands

14. pathping
Combines ping and tracert to analyze network latency and packet loss.
13

15.netsh interface ip show config


Displays network adapter configuration details like IP address and DNS settings.
14

16. netsh advfirewall


Manages Windows Firewall settings, including enabling/disabling rules.
15

17. ipconfig /renew


Requests a new IP address from the DHCP server.
16

18. ipconfig /displaydns


Shows the cached DNS records of recently visited websites.
17

19. netsh wlan show profile


name=”Wifi_name” key=clear
Retrieves saved Wi-Fi password and connection details.
18
19

MANUAL # 03
Cisco Packet Tracer Downloading & Installation

Introduction
Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulation tool. It is designed to help
students and network professionals learn and practice networking concepts in a
virtual environment. Cisco Packet Tracer provides a safe and interactive platform
for designing, configuring, and troubleshooting network scenarios without the
need for physical hardware.
Downloading “Cisco Packet Tracer”
Step#1: Visit the Cisco Networking Academy website
https://www.netacad.com/ and Click on the "Sign In" or "Log In" button, located
in the top right corner of the website.
20

Step#2: On the login page, you should see an option to "Sign Up"(if you want
to create an account) otherwise enter the email address(Google email) and click
on “Next”.

On creation by google account, you’ll see the name starting from Muhammad as
account is created by pressing google account. If someone doesn’t want to
create the account by sign up, then by accessing it through google account is
beneficial as it reduces time.

Step # 03 Search Cisco packet tracer and then click on it


21

Step#4: Click the option “Getting Started with Cisco Packet Tracer”.

Step#5: Click the option “ Resume Course” as I clicked that button


before.
22

Step#06: Click on link below for downloading it


23

Step#07: After entering the link, click on the download


package for windows

Step#08: After downloading, accept the terms and conditions


24

Step#09: Select the destination location

Step#10: Click on additional tasks and create a desktop


shortcut
25

Step#11: On clicking install, the loading will continue for


installation

Step#12: After installing the packet tracer, launch it by


clicking the launch button and finish it.
26

Step#13: Permission for multi-user or single

Step#14: Desktop shortcut icon for packet tracer

Step#15: Open it by dubble click


27

Step#16: Allow the access as firewall has blocked some


features
28

Step#17: Log in your Packet Tracer Account by entering credentials and


you’re ready to use Cisco Packet Tracer Software.
29

Troubleshooting
Common issues that users may encounter during the download and installation
process of Cisco Packet Tracer, along with potential solutions, include:
1. Incompatible Operating System:
Issue: Cisco Packet Tracer may not be compatible with certain operating
systems.
Solution: Check the system requirements on the official Cisco website to
ensure your operating system is supported. If not, consider using a
different computer or virtual machine with a compatible OS.
2. Insufficient System Resources:
Issue: Your computer may not meet the minimum hardware requirements for
Packet Tracer.
Solution: Upgrade your computer's hardware (e.g., RAM, CPU) if possible.
Alternatively, close unnecessary background applications to free up system
resources.
3. Compatibility Mode (Windows):
Issue: Running Packet Tracer in compatibility mode for an older Windows
version may lead to issues.
Solution: Ensure you run Packet Tracer without compatibility mode enabled.
4. Firewall or Antivirus Blocking:
Issue: Security software, including firewalls and antivirus programs, might block
Packet Tracer.
Solution: Temporarily disable or configure your security software to allow
Packet Tracer to be downloaded and installed. Be sure to re-enable protection
afterward.
5. Incomplete Download: Issue:
The download of the Packet Tracer setup file may be incomplete or corrupted.
Solution: Delete the incomplete download and re-download the setup file from
the official Cisco website to ensure its complete.
30

6. Permission Issues: Issue:


You may encounter permission errors when trying to install Packet Tracer.
Solution: Run the installation as an administrator by right-clicking on the setup
file and selecting "Run as administrator."
7. Network Issues:
Issue:Slow or unstable internet connections can lead to download problems.
Solution: Ensure you have a stable and reasonably fast internet connection to
download the setup file. Use a wired connection if possible to minimize
interruptions.
31

MANUAL 04
Task 01
Connect 12 PCs to a switch, assign static IP addresses to each PC, and verify
connectivity by pinging these PCs.

Step 01:A connection between 12 PC’s when going on End Devices is


established by a switch via copper straight through wires among them. But the
connectivity among them is not established until each and every pc’s ip address
not configured.

Step 02:
To do so we have to assign each PC’s a IP address which must be different from
the other ones. In that respect we simply need to go to one of the pc to click on it
and then desktop option will appear. After that ip configuration icon will present
where we will assign it an ip address.
32

Step 03:
As you see in Realtime observation, after sending message from one pc to
another, it is shown that the packet is successfully transferred with each other.
Likewise for PC0, PC2 and PC 5 as well.
In Simulation Observation, we have seen that the packets are transferred
smoothly without any ambiguity.
33

Step 04: To check it’s connectivity by pinging, we simple need to


click one of the PC and click on Command Prompt icon which will look like
that;

But after entering ping 192.168.1.1 or in between 12 or even 12th Pc’s ip address
it will show some information like this.

Which shows that your connectivity is established with no error.


34

Task 02
Create a network that consist of three switches to connect devices such as
printers, personal computers, and laptops for efficient communication and
data exchange.

Step 1: Add network devices

 From “Switches” category:


 Add 3 x Switches (e.g., 2960 model).
 From “End Devices”:

 Add 6 x PCs
 Add 3 x Laptops
 Add 3 x Printers

as the connection is built but still their Ip’s are missing so the message like
packets of data will not be transferred from one to another pc or other
telecommunication devices.
35

Step 02: Assigning Ip’s to each device

From this you can now see the actual difference that after sending message from
one device to another, it does successfully transferred either it’s laptop, pc or
printer.
Step 03: Simulation observation
36

Step 04: Pinging

As you can see that after pinging printer’s ip address insertion results in
successful transfer of data packet/message.
37

Task 03
Implement a network that utilizes a hub to connect devices such personal
computers and laptops for data exchange. Also perform simulation and
distinguish the working of hub and a switch.

Step 1: Create Hub network

This is a hub network with three devices like PC 1,2 and 3 as well. Also their Ip’s
are assigned and a connection is built to see what happen when we simulate it’s
working!
38

Step 02: Create A Switch Network

As you see a switch network is established with three laptop devices along with
their assigned Ip address. Let’s get a closer look on what happen when we
perform it’s simulation by transferring data/message from one to another laptop!
39

Step 03: Simulation between Both Networks

When we perform simulation between those networks, a clear difference


appeared which clarify the ambiguity in hub network. When simulation
performed, hub transfer the data to all the other devices/ remaining devices even
they are not the recipient but on the other hand on Switch Network we’ve seen
that only the targeted device is the one where data/message is transferred which
increase the efficiency of the network.

Pinging:
40

Difference Between Hub and Switch


Feature Hub vs Switch Comparison
Working Principle Hub: Broadcasts data to all devices
Switch: Sends data only to the intended
recipient
Layer in OSI Model Hub: Operates at Layer 1 (Physical Layer)
Switch: Operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)
MAC Address Learning Hub: Does not learn MAC addresses
Switch: Learns and stores MAC addresses
Collision Domain Hub: One large shared collision domain
Switch: One collision domain per port
Bandwidth Hub: Shared bandwidth
Switch: Dedicated bandwidth per port
Security Hub: Less secure – data sent to all
Switch: More secure – data sent only to
target
Performance Hub: Slower due to collisions
Switch: Faster with efficient data handling
Cost Hub: Usually cheaper
Switch: Slightly more expensive
Use Case Hub: Small or outdated networks
Switch: Modern networks (homes/offices)
Data Delivery Hub: Broadcast to all
Switch: Unicast to specific device
41

MANUAL 05
Task 01
Create and Configure the Bus Topology. Save the .pkt file and Include
screenshots in the lab manual.
Step 1: To add a switch, on the Bottom Left side of the screen, click the switch
icon. Select the switch. Drag and drop 6 Switches by following this step.

This actually looks like this with 6 switches and PCs.


Now Assemble them via their connectivity is as follows;
42

After that IP Address is assigned to them as well

As the message is transferred from one device to the other.

Pinging:
43

Simulation observation:

Task 02
Create the following Star, ring and Mesh Topologies in Cisco Packet Tracer.

Star topology:
44

On connecting them with wires, it will be;

But their Ip’s are not assigned yet. However, after assigning their Ip addresses, It
will appear like that;

Now their IP’s are assigned.


45

Message Transfer checking:

As in above screenshot, all the connections are peacefully established without any
error or ambiguity. Hence Successfully accomplished.
Simulation Observation:
46

Pinging:
On Clicking one of the given devices, the command prompt icon will appear, and
by inserting the ping and ip address of the other devices, we will know the packet
transfer allowance in between them.
47

Mesh Topology:

This is how a mesh topology is created. By inserting switches like 4 and each
with one device for communication and stable connectivity.

As in this picture no ip address is assigned into them.


48

IP configuration: Ip’s are assigned to all the devices for message transfer.

As you can see, messages/data packets are successfully transferred from one
device to another.
Simulation Observation:
49

Pinging:
50

Ring Topology:

A ring topology is created by adding 5 switches each with 3 different devices as


well.
Wired Connection:
51

IP configuration:

Simulation Observation:
52

Pinging:

You might also like