PAST PAPER

ANALYSIS CA-PA
(2005-2024)
MISCELLENEOUS
(a). Analyze the effects of commissioning of nuclear-powered ballistic
missile submarine (SSBN), INS Arihant equipped with nuclear-capable
missile called K-4 over the strategic stability of South Asia. (b). US-India
in August 2016 signed Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement
(LEMOA) that will reportedly facilitate the two allies to use each other’s
military facilities to check China’s growing influence. Comment.

What is meant by National Reconciliation? What are its ingredients?

Can we equate National Reconciliation with National
Reconciliation Ordinance?

Q.5. In the present day turbulent world, most of the countries in East Asia have been relatively calm
and stable in Political and Economic sphere. What reasons would you assign for this success?(20)

2001 Write a comprehensive essay on the promulgation of Islamic system in

Pakistan with special reference to the role played by the Ulema in the
process.

2013 Elucidate the difficulties in establishment of an Islamic order in Pakistan

after independence.

2004 Throw light on the steps taken under various Governments for the
promulgation of Islamic system in the country?

Define the term ‘Good Governance’. What measures the present government should take to improve
its performance?

2014 Give critical analysis of steps taken for Islamization in Pakistan since
1947

2011 Given the problems that Pakistan is facing today, what is your vision of
Pakistan in the year 2011? How, in your opinion, Can be its internal and
external problems solved?

2002 There is an ìunbridgeable gulf between Hinduism and Islam and their
followers existed together in the same land for hundreds of years like two
streams which continue to un parallel to each other indefinitely, without
ever becoming one body of water. Elucidate

Q.6 Pakistan is suffering from crises of governance at Institutional level. Suggest remedies to
mitigate this situation.

EDUCATION IN PAK

Enumerate the measures adopted by HEC for promotion of higher education and qualitative
research in Pakistan.

What is character building? Assess the factor (character building) in education systems
of Pakistan and give suggestions for improvement.

What is the role of education in character-building of a nation? Highlight major pitfalls in

Pakistan’s education systems.

Countries that recognized the importance of higher education are way ahead of those
who have ignored it. What measures would you suggest to upgrade the standard of higher
education in Pakistan.

What can be the strategies to reduce dependency of education sector on government funding?

-Political instability in pak/constitutional, structural

and political reforms necessary for political stability

Discuss the role of regional and nationalist political parties in Pakistani politics. How
far these parties are necessary for the political system?

Discuss the successes and failures of political parties in bringing about a meaningful

political change in Pakistan.

Give suggestions to manage political instability in Pakistan.

Since 1970 every election was accused of rigging, what electoral reforms you will
suggest to improve the electoral system of Pakistan?
Discus the role of judiciary in the constitutional development of Pakistan.

Evaluate the factional politics of early years(1947-58) and its impact on the
democratic process of Pakistan.

Discuss the main features of Political culture of Pakistan.

Describe the political system of Pakistan. Which form of government is suitable to

make country politically stable?

Q1. Political stability remains an elusive concept in Pakistan. Explore

the factors contributing to the fractured nature of Pakistan’s polity
and discuss potential reforms to the constitutional and political
structure that could foster stability.

How can the corruption elimination strategy be made part of

governance system
of Pakistan?

2008 The Constitution of Pakistan (1973) is the mouth piece of Islam. Discuss.

2007 Local government system under the "Devolution of Power Plan 2001" has miserably failed in
delivering service to the masses. Discuss.

2008 What is ìJudicial Activismî? Has it brought Pak-Judiciary in the state

of morality in the recent past? Give suggestion for the independence
of Judiciary.

-threats to federalism/federation and 18th

amendment/devolution of power/provincial
autonomy/NFC award

Discuss the Federal Structure of 1973 Constitution of Pakistan after 18th

Amendment. Why criticism on 18th Amendment started recently?

Q.6. Discuss issues in the higher educational system vis-à-vis 18th amendment in
Pakistan.
Q5. How best can the issue of Provincial Autonomy in Pakistan be resolved within a
viable Federal Structure ? Discuss

2007 Pakistan is a federation in form and unitary in spirit." Discuss it keeping

in view the strengths and weakness of Federation of Pakistan.

Q.2. “The troubling issue in Pakistan pertains to an Overbearing Centre’s Supremacy

in the federation
and the resulting demand for Provincial autonomy-.” Discuss.

How far the nature of center province relations has changed under various
amendments to the 1973 constitution? Evaluate.

Discuss the nature of centre-province relations under the 1973 Constitution.

2011 Federalism has been a continuing cause of political tension in our

country. Will the 18th amendment made in the constitution by the
present Government solve this issue for all? Take a position and support
with your argument.

-Sco/dedollarization

China, Pakistan-Russia cooperation will find suitable support mechanism in Shanghai

Cooperation organization (SCO). Elaborate.

Q.3. “Pakistan provides the natural link between the SCO states to connect the Eurasian
heartland with the Arabian Sea and South Asia.”
Substantiate Pakistan’s claim for the membership of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
in view of the above mentioned statement:

What are the opportunities and challenges for Pakistan as one of the new members of

the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)?

Q.4. Why Pakistan is desperately seeking full-fledged membership in the Shanghai

Cooperation
Organization? (20)

Explore the significance of Shinghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for Pakistan

-Brics

-NATURAL RESOURCES OF PAK

Efficient use of natural resources can make Pakistan a prosperous nation. Discuss in
the light of present situation of Pakistan.

2009 In spite of strong research base, rich lands, reasonable water resources
and various land reforms why agriculture remained less developed in
Pakistan?

2014 Pakistan can become one of the richest countries of the world, if we
make best use of our natural resources." Elaborate in the light of present
situation of the Country

Q5. How should Pakistan manage the equitable distribution of

resources among different ethnic regions to address historical
grievances and promote developments across the country?

-Industrialization in pak/-Agriculture crises in pak/food

security

Industrialization is the backbone of the modern economic system and uplifts the
standard of living of the masses. Elaborate causes for the hindrance of industrial
development in Pakistan.

2008 What are principal industries of Pakistan and what problems

Government of Pakistan is facing for its industrial development?

2006 Describe the distribution of Iron and Steel industry of Pakistan. Evaluate its role in the industrial
development of the country.

2010 Pakistan's industry is providing jobs to various categories of workers and

is earning foreign exchange for the country. Comment.

2002 What are the problems of industrialization in Pakistan? How they can be solved?
 Having the largest irrigation system in the world, the land of the sub-continent
served as the main food supply basket for the British power for more than a century,
but now Pakistan has to import food commodities. Discuss in detail the causes of this
agricultural decline.

2006 Summarize the government measures to improve the agricultural

productivity in the light of introducing new irrigation projects.

2005 Account for the initial concentration of agro based industry in the
manufacturing belt of Pakistan.

-Nuclear /nuclear race/nuclear non- profileeation/IAEA

1. The UN efforts for nuclear non-proliferation

Q4. Now do the nature and possible prospe& of US-Russia strategic

nuclear deterrence change with the enforcement of the New START
treaty of 2021? What could be the treaty’s implications on
Pakistan’s nuclear program keeping in view its defense policy?

Q2. What will be the strategic and political implications of the US

withdrawal from the Open Skies Treaty, and how is it impacting the
arms control arrangement between the great powers?

Q.5 China, India and Pakistan are three Nuclear States in the Asian
Continent. Is this a potential
threat or strength for the continent? Analyse.

-Environment degratiion/climate change/COP27/global

warming

1. Climate Change and the Bing powers role

What is climate change impact? What are its implications on Pakistan? How to manage climate
change in policy and practice?

Discuss the adverse impact of climate change on the world and the measures recently adopted by the
Paris Conference to address this issue.

Q.2 What are the factors which contribute to the global warming? What measures have been
agreed in the Kyoto protocol to minimize the harmful effects of Pollution?
Q4. Global warming presents an existential threat to states like
Pakistan. Examine the far-reaching impacts of global warming on
Pakistan and propose a model of economic development that aligns
to the environmental protection.

Q3. The UN climate summit (COP-27) in Sharm el Sheikh (Egypt)

discussed Pakistan’s catastrophic summer floods exacerbated by
climate change and the country is facing imminent threat of
epidemics and other multi-dimensional dangers. Discuss the COP-27
roadmap to face the challenge of climate change and proposed
measures for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of Pakistan.

-Civil-military relationship

Q6. In Modern day democracy there must be a Pragmatic Civil-

Military relationship to deal all the, internal and external security
threats. Analyze with reference to the role of Pakistan’s security and
stability in South-Asia.

2010 Why military of Pakistan intervened in Pakistan's politics? What is the

role of the present leadership to depoliticize army? Give specific
measures.

2009 Referring to the evolution of Political System, identify the commonalities

in among the martial law administrators of Pakistan?

-Kashmir

Enumerate the measures adopted by Pakistan to spotlight on the plight of Kashmiri

people in the Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir after 5th August 2019.

Discuss the Kashmir problem in its entirety; throwing light on its background and prospects
of possible solutions to this core issue between India and Pakistan.

Q3. What are the similarities and differences between Nagorno-

Karabakh and Kashmir conflicts?
Resolution of Kashmir Issue between India and Pakistan can bring
peace and

prosperity in the region. Discuss.

3. Given the volatile lock-down in Indian Occupied Kashmir, what are

the viable policy choices available to Pakistan? What can Pakistan
realistically do to ease the suffering of Kashmiri people?

-Palestine/Abraham accord

5. Palestine conflict is a long-standing one on the United Nations

table. Discuss its recent escalation since October 2023 and critically
assess the big powers’ reaction to it.

-Economic stability in Pak

Q8. Critically discuss why Pakistan’s economic growth continues to

be a “Balance-of-Payments” constraint which is one of the core
causes to keep the foreign exchange reserve under pressure. Do
you think that Pakistan’s export performance remains the most
relevant long-term challenge to alleviate the balance-of-payments
constraint for sustained economic growth and explain radical
structural reforms to improve export performance?

2000 Discuss Corruption as number one problem of Pakistan. What

practicable and feasible steps should be taken to eradicate this
menace?

Q.7. How can the corruption be managed in Pakistan?

Q.3. Discuss the impact of foreign aid on Pakistan in post 9/11 scenario.

How can the corruption elimination be made part of the governance systems of
Pakistan?

How Pakistan can reduce foreign debt? Suggest mechanisms in Pakistan economy to handle
external perspective of Pakistan economy.

Q.4. The issue of central importance about corruption and accountability in Pakistan is the increase in
corruption despite six decades of efforts to eradicate it. Analyse and comment on the root cause
of rampant corruption in the society.
Pakistan is considered to be the fifth-largest youth bulge country in the world. Given
this youth bulge, deliberate on ways forward for Sustainable Economic Development
in Pakistan.

What is the volume of grants, aid and loans in Pakistan’s economy in the last ten
years to stimulate the growth? Discuss.

“Political Stability is mandatory for economic prosperity in Pakistan”. Elaborate.

What major economic challenges are being faced by Pakistan? What

recommendation
do you suggest to deal with these issues.

What measures would you suggest to improve the economy of Pakistan particularly
in the areas of debt reduction and enhancing export capacity?

-Ethnicity in pak/cultural,ethnic and democrgrahic

diversity/national Integration of pak

There is crisis of national integration in Pakistan since its creation. What measures doyou
suggest for the promotion of national integration of Pakistan?

2011 John Plamentaz defines Nationalism as the desire to preserve or enhance

peoples national or cultural identity, when that identity is threatened or
the desire to transform or even create it when it is felt to be inadequate or
lacking.î In the light of above definition, briefly but comprehensively

2012 What is bureaucracy and what are its characteristics? How did it play its
role in strengthening and integration of Pakistan?

2006 Highlight the various characteristics of Pakistani culture. Bring out the
importance of customs and Traditions in the society.

Q7. Since independence, the most critical concern for Internal

security is National Integration. Discus. the role of constitutional
provisions enabling provincial autonomy and devolution of Power to
strengthen National integration in Pakistan?

Pakistan’s national culture reflects unity in diversity. Elaborate.

2015 Briefly discuss the main features of the cultural heritage of Pakistan.
-ECO

2. Discuss the Pakistan’s historic role in Economic Cooperation

Organization (ECO) and under the framework of regional integration;
what are the future prospects of ECO for Pakistan?

-US-India strategic partnership

4. Discuss the strategic contours of Indo-US evolving partnership

and how will it impact Pakistan-US and Pakistan-China relations?

If India is granted permanent seat in Security Council; what can be

the options available to
Pakistan to manage the Indian hegemony in South Asia?

Q2. The new dimensions in Indo US warming up of relations would

have serious implications for
Pakistan and the world region, discuss

-Indo pacific /INDIAN OCEAN

5. Strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific region is increasingly

becoming intense. Define the interests and role of the US, China,
India, Japan and Australia in the geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific
region.

The impact of burgeoning US-India strategic partnership over the

security situation of the region and Indian Ocean Region

2013 The twentieth century witnessed the war for oil. The twenty-first century
will witness the war for waterî. Examine the practical implications of
this statement on situation of Pakistan.
-More provinces in pak

1. The creation of more provinces is a persistent demand from some

circles in Pakistan. How do you see the creation of more provinces in
Pakistan; as beneficial or harmful for the people? Explain your views
with solid justification.

Q5. Most of the major political parties have committed to the

creation of new provinces in Pakistan. Should new provinces be
created or not, in Pakistan? Elaborate your answer by giving
references from the new provinces debate.

-QUAD
-Saudia-iran conflict
-Pak relations with Saudi
-Pak relations with Iran

Discuss in detail the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline and challenges to it.

Q8. Analyze the convergence and divergence of interests in Pakistan –Iran relations since the
last two decades.

( d ) Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) Gas Pilelines project.

4. Saudi Arabia and Iran both have significant place in Pakistan’s

foreign policy. How Pakistan can maintain friendly relations with
both Saudi Arabia and Iran, especially after the mediation of China
between the two countries?

-Pak-US relationship/PakUS relation under

Trump/Travel ban-visa policy of trump

Elaborate the reasons and impacts on Doland Trump withdrawal from climate
change Paris agreement in 2015.

Q # 7... The US Presiden Bush visit to Pakistan had yielded no positive outcome
except for promises and pledges. In the backdrop of changing US mindset former
 Prime Minister Mir Zafrullah Khan Jamali had urged the government to establish
more vibrant relations with Iran,Saudi Arabia and China. Comment.

Discuss the impact of AFPAK policy on Pak-US relations.

Q.6. Discuss the various dimensions of Pakistan US relations in the wake of Pakistan’s
playing
the role as a frontline state against International terrorism. (20)

3. Critically evaluate the US-Pakistan relations under the Joe Biden

Administration vis-a-vis the US Indo-Pacific strategy.

Joining the US led coalition in the war against terrorism has many short and long term
repercussions for Pakistan. Elaborate.

Why did Pakistan join Western Defense Pacts? What cost it had to pay for that?
Explain.

Discuss the issues and mistrust in US-Pakistan relations after the withdrawal of the
US troops from Afghanistan.

Discuss revival of Pak-US relations in context of present US-Taliban peace process.

Discuss the changing trends in Pakistan- US relations since 2001.

Critically examine the Donald Trump’s Policy for South Asia and its implications for

Pakistan and the region.

-Pak-Arab league

1. 2022 FIFA world cup and politics of the Arab World

-Middle east crises n proxies

6. Discuss in detail the role of OIC, Arab League and GCC in the
Middle East crisis and conflicts.

Q4. America has been bogged down in Iraq and Afghanistan. What
would be Americas exit
strategy to disengage itself from the prevalent confrontational
situation ? discuss.

Q.7. The attack on Iraq by USA was an attempt to control oil

resources of the area and redraw the map
of Middle East. Having failed to achieve both objectives, what policy
options would be required
by USA towards Middle East for peaceful relations?

How will “Arab Spring” effect the political and security environment
in the Arab World?

What are the causes of “Arab Spring”? Identify their impacts on the
future politics of the region.

Q.4 there is a perception that USA is preparing to attack Iran.

Discuss the possibilities of this
scenario and its implication at global level specially in the Middle
East, and on Pakistan.

Describe the 2017 Qatar Diplomatic Crisis and its impact on the Middle East.

How do you see recent developments in the Middle East, particularly with reference to
deteriorating relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran? What role, if any, Pakistan could play
in reducing the tensions between the two Muslim countries?

Critically analyze the US-Russia relations in context of ISIS and its impact on the security
situation of Middle East.
-Pak-IMF relationship
-OIC/muslim world-pak relations

Q5. Muslim Ununalt has failed to unite under one roof. The
leadership, their internal wrangling, and sectarian divide keep them
away from the front of each other. No wonder the Muslim world is in
shambles in their home countries, at the OIC level, and at
international forums. Taking a tag from above, discuss ways and
means to unite the Muslim Ummah with a pragmatic approach.

Q # 6... The ongoing anti blasphemy campaign launched by Muslims

all over the world and the
West's obduracy not to yield on the issue in the name of freedom of
press has put the two on a
collision. What role the UN and the OIC can play to prevent
recurrence of acts of blasphemy in
future?

Q7. In the Muslim Societies factors like justice, rejuvenation,

education and enlightenment, which
determine the conditions of human societies are miserable lacking.
Analyze the problems
confronting the Muslim world in the light of this statement.

Q.7 the organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) has not played and
effective role in protecting the
rights of member states. How can it become a vibrant organization
to achieve its objectives?

Critically analyze the newly established Islamic Military Alliance and

its future

implications for the Muslim World?

Q.2. Why most countries of the Muslim world are devoid of

democratic governance? What changes
would you recommend to make them modern democratic states?

-GCC
-SIFC
-pak-turkey relationship

Q2. Discuss historic Pakistan and Turkey bilateral relations beyond

the areas of socio-economic and strategic realms. Explain its
geopolitical ripple effects in the Himalayas, the Arabian Peninsula,
and the South Caucasus.

-Pakistan's Geostrategic location

Pakistan is located on the cross-road of South Asia. Explain its geostrategic/political

importance and challenges.

2012 The location of Pakistan has given the strategic strength to the State. What are its physical
features and narrate its advantages and disadvantages.

2006 Political map of Pakistan is the outcome of its geo-strategic location. Give a reasoned account
for the statement.

2005 Define and explain the geographic inertia and its role in the development
of Pakistan.

-Russia Ukraine war

6. Evaluate the implications of Ukraine War for the Russia-Europe

energy relations.

Q4. Discuss the core causes of the Russian invasion of Ukraine

which have considerable socio-economic, political, and strategic
consequences on the world. Explain its devastating impact on
Pakistan and its severe lesson for the country’s survival.

Q2. Propose prospective foreign policy options for Pakistan in the

wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022.
-Energy crisis/energy politics/National Energy policy of
Pak/resource war/energy war/CIRCULAR DEBT N
ENERGY CRISIS

Discuss the significance of renewable energy resources for Pakistan.

Q.5. How can the energy crisis of Pakistan be resolved?

Critically appreciate the decision making in Pakistan regarding energy crisis in

Pakistan.

Critically evaluate the causes of Energy crisis in Pakistan and its consequences for the

economic growth and social fabric in the country.

Pakistan’s energy crisis was due to the lack of strategy and political will. Discuss.

What are the main causes of energy crisis in Pakistan? What measure do you
recommend to address it ?

Explore the option of alternative energy resources to overcome energy crisis in Pakistan.

Q7. Critically discuss the conceptualized energy’s influence on world

geopolitics and its distinctiveness of global energy governance.

Give a critical review of Pakistan Energy Policy 2013 – 2018

-CPEC/China-Pak relationship/BRI/-IMEC/CPEC vs IMEC

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is considered as a game-changer. How the
CPEC can be helpful to uplift the Pakistan’s economy? Discuss.

Q6. The Gwadar Port would have great strategic significance in addition to its vast economic
potential not only for the uplift of Balochistan but for the neighboring countries like China,
Afghanistan and Central Asian States, comment.

Critically examine China’s strategic vision behind its ‘One Belt, One Road’ venture.

CPEC is a flagship project of One Belt One Road (OBOR) and a regional game changer.
Explain.
Discuss the importance of Pak-China relations. How does this relationship effect the

political and security environment in South Asia?

How CPEC phase II will galvanize industrialization and employment in Pakistan?

Q5. Discuss the project idea China Pakistan Economic

Corridor (CPEC) which is the great leap forward of economic
regionalization in the globalized world. Explain its potential
advantages, challenges, and future prospects.

Examine China strategic vision behind ‘The Bell and Road initiative (BRI)' also
known as One Belt One Road (OBOR).

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is considered as a game-changer. How the

CPEC can be helpful to uplift the Pakistan’s economy? Discuss.

Discuss the prospects and challenges to the construction of “China-Pakistan Economic

Corridor”. How will CPEC become a game changer for the region?

-population of pak/population of world

“The population growth in Pakistan can erupt like an atomic bomb”. Comment

2014 Population explosion in Pakistan is emerging as the greatest threat to the

economy of Pakistan". Comment

2001 Write an analytical essay on the growth of population in Pakistan

after Independence and underscore its effects on the country's
socioeconomic climate.

Q6. November 15, 2022, will be a historic date in humanity’s history

because at this date the Earth’s population reached the 8 billion
mark. Critically discuss that the 21st century is a century of rapid
population growth which has a devastating negative impact on the
world. Explain the severe consequences of rapid population
growth which will affect every country on earth.

-Foreign policy of pak

Write note on the post 9/11 foreign policy of Pakistan. What role do you foresee for
Pakistan in regional and global politics in the near future?

2016 Write note on the post 9/11 foreign policy of Pakistan. Write role do
you foresee for Pakistan in regional and global politics in the near future?

-Afg-Talib- Pak relation/war in AFG history/Durandline

conflict

Explain “Afghans` owned, Afghans` led” solution of Afghanistan crisis.

Q.7. How far India factor is responsible for the present state of Pakistan-Afghanistan
relations?Analyze. (20)

Q3. The 2021 Taliban Takeover of Afghanistan presents regional and

global challenges. Elaborate on the anticipated policies of the
Taliban government and the regional and global response.

Do you agree that Pakistan’s role in Afghan Jihad against Soviet

Union was the root-cause of terrorism in Pakistan or it is a reaction
of US invasion of Afghanistan after 9/11 and Pakistan’s U-turn in
Afghan
policy?

Q6. Some scholars term Afghan Peace Deal as the US withdrawal

deal. Do you agree? Answer the question while discussing the
contours of the Afghan peace process.

2001 The US attack on Afghanistan in October- 2001 has had serious

repercussions for Pakistan". Discuss.

Discuss the current socio-political and security situation in Afghanistan and its
implications for the neighbouring countries.

Q.7. “The new Afghan strategy of the United States, in fact, is a veiled request for their safe exit-. It is
a gamble. The price of victory will be high and the price of failure is incalculable.” Analyse and
comment?

What is AFPAK policy; how to manage its implication on Pakistan?

-Balochistan insurgency

2010 Compare and contrast the resistance movement of East Pakistan with
the present movement of Balochistan. Suggest remedies. 2010

2000 Write a note on Balochistan; its area, population, economy, education

and the problems of the people.

Q # 4... Examine the causes of disturbances in Baluchistan.

-Water scarcity/canal protest in Sindh /Indus water

treaty/Indus water treaty in Indo-Pak relation/water
resources of pak/water wars/DAMS IN PAK/DAMS IN
IND-PAK/KALABAGH DAM

1. What impact global climate change will have on the water

resources of Pakistan? How will it affect inter-provincial harmony?
2.
Do you believe that main cause of 2014 floods was Indian ‘water
terrorism’ or it was due to awful mismanagement of water resources
in Pakistan?

2004 What do you know about water crisis in Pakistan? Also suggest
concrete steps for its solution.

Q.2. Evaluate the significance of water conflict between India and Pakistan in global perspective of
climate change.

Evaluate the significance of water conflict between India and Pakistan in perspective of

water management projects in Indian held Kashmir.

Critically analyze the key causes of delaying constriction of dams in

Pakistan. Give
some suggestions to revert this collateral loss.

What will be the reason of emerging water conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan?
-nuclrsr deterrence/START treaty
-US-China power politics/tradewar
 Q7. The US and China have been in an ongoing trade war since
2018. In academic circles, it has been argued dot this conflict may
as well be the Second Cold War. Critically evaluate the future world
order with main actors such as China. Roots and the US.

Q.4. The strength of Chinese economy is perceived as a threat by

USA to its dwindling hegemony.
What changes at policy level are required by America for
harmonious relations with China?

Q.8. Discuss impact of economic development of China on World

Order.

Discuss the strengths of USA to implement its economic policies

Worldwide.

1. A comparison of leadership qualities between Xi Jinping of China

and Joe Biden of the US

How the United States is trying to keep its dominant position in the Asia-Pacific and
what is the China’s response to it?

Q.5. President Obama’s extended hand of friendship to China ushers in a new era of realist
diplomacy in Washington.
Highlight the new dimensions of U.S. foreign policy towards People’s Republic of China.

Examine the emerging strategic competition between China and the US and its impact on
global order.

Explain the salient contours of the US ‘rebalancing’ policy and China’s assertive policy in
South China Sea and latter’s disputes with the regional countries. Critically evaluate.

-Parlimanetary versus presidential system in pak

Q6. Numerous political systems- Parlitunenttuy as well as

Presidential. have been in vogue in Pakistan with limited success.
Draft your own proposed but practical system that would result in
good governance of the country. Stipulate the reasons and
conditions for its success.

-world order/multipolar world order

 -SAARC in south Asia/prospects of national integration
in south asia

1. Prospects of regional integration in South Asia

1. Poverty & Trade in South Asia and the role of SAARC

Give recommendations to make SAARC an effective organization at

regional level keeping in
view success of European Union.

Q.3. Dynastic politics in South Asia has become a norm rather than
exception. What are the merits and
demerits of this political arrangement? Analyse and comment.

-OPEN skies treaty

-populism/challenges to democracy in world/in
pak/democratization process in pak/role of major
political parties in pak

The evolution of democratic system has always remained a dilemma in Pakistan,

even after passing more than seven decades of its existence the democracy could
not get its roots. Discuss in detail.

Democracy in Pakistan has remained an elusive dream. Why it has taken so long to
develop a
road map and follow it with necessary modification? Explain.

How general elections in 2002, 2008 and 2013 strengthened democracy in Pakistan?

Q3. The Democratization process in Pakistan is still weak and

ambiguous. Do you consider dynastic politics and feudalism are the
major hindrances on the way of establishing true democratic
system in Pakistan? Explain.

Q4. The last two decades have seen the rise of the right as a potent
challenge to the liberal democracies throughout the world. What are
the causes of this rise and how can states attend to this challenge?
-AI revolution

Q7. How is the militarization of artificial intelligence and Computing

revolutionizing Military affairs?

-Future of Globalism/globalization and multilaterism

7. In view of the evolving global alignments and changing nature of

major-power relationships, what is the future of globalism and
multilateralism? Discuss with examples.

-5th Generation warfare/fifth generation warfare in

pak/Hybrid warfare/Assymetric warfare

How Pakistan should combat 5th generation war successfully?

Discuss instrument of techniques of Hybrid warfare in context to Pakistan

-Pak India relationship/Shimla agreement

What are the major provisions of Simla Agreement (1972) between Pakistan and India? How
it was helpful for establishment of durable peace in the region?

Discuss the possibilities of progress under the recently agreed rubric of comprehensive
dialogue between Pakistan and India. In your opinion what are the major constraints at
present?

Q.3. The amicable solution of Siachen glacier and Sir Creek maritime boundary disputes
might
harbinger the settlement of the core issue of Kashmir between Pakistan and India. Discuss.
(20)

Q.6. What feasible measures would you suggest to bridge the existing trust deficit between
Pakistan and India for the resumption of stalled process of composite dialogue?.

-proxywar and non state actors in pak

What is meant by the term “Proxy War”? Are there any extrinsic factors at play in the
internal security situation of Pakistan?

Define non-state actors. ‘Non-state actors are posing more threat to Pakistan’s national

security than threats from external state actors.’ Argue in favour or against.

-Pak-Russia relationship
-2030 Sustainable Development goals
-Pak-world bank
-Cold war/pak Foreign policy in cold war/international
politics in post-cold war
-EU/EU-Pak relationship

2005 Address the importance of Pakistanís relations with the European Union
for the foreign policy of Pakistan as a whole.

Q.4. Substantiate Pakistan’s role in Common Wealth.

-Asean

Q3. Association of the South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) is a success story of regional
organization. What lessons SAARC can learn from the experience of ASEAN?

-UN/security council

Substantiate Pakistan’s role in UN peace keeping missions.

Q.5. Discuss the potential challenges Pakistan is facing in the WTO regime. (20)

Q # 5... The UN Security Council is regarded as a tool for the veto wielding powers and a
debating forum for non permanent members. Make a case for restructuring the Council with
special emphasis on judicious distribution of veto power.

-TERRORISM/concept of security/National
security/comprehensive security/Pak's National
security Policy/Non-traditional security threats to Pak
2. Why was Pakistan placed on the “Grey List” of the Financial Action
Task Force (FATF)? What are the implications and what measures
should Pakistan take to move out of this list?
How can the governing structure have the capacity to neutralize threats to internal
security of Pakistan?

Q3. The phenomenon of terrorism has occupied center stage in todays world. Highlight the
difference between terrorism and a freedom struggle. Discuss the issue of terrorism in the
back
drop of what is happening in Iraq, Chechenya, Kashmir and Afghanistan

Critically evaluate the counter-terrorism policy of Pakistan and

suggest measures to eradicate this evil.

2009 Discuss and debate the diplomatic stance of Pakistan regarding war on
terror. How can it be improvised in the current geo-political situation?

2012 What are the security concerns of Pakistan? Suggest some measures by
revisiting the foreign policy of Pakistan.

Discuss the causes of extremism and militancy in Pakistani society. Suggest ways and

means for the state organs to overcome these problems.

Q.2. The rise of religious extremism and militancy has become a major challenge to Pakistan’s
internal stability and promotion of democracy. Elaborate. (20)

2015 Critically evaluate the role of Pakistan in "The War on Terror".

Write note on the Afghan War since 1979 and its impacts on
Pakistan. How far the emergence of the “Non-State Actors” and
Non-Traditional Security Threats in Pakistan can be attributed to the
decades-long warfare in Afghanistan?

Discuss in detail the efficacy of counter terrorism measures adopted

by the government, especially with reference to the National Action
Plan.

Highlight the role of National Action Plan (NAP) in stabilization of

internal security of Pakistan. Critically analyze its outcomes?

-soft power/soft power of pak

-covid-19
Q8. Delineate the ways in which Covid-19 has affected the contours
of the contemporary world order.

-National interest/national interest of pak/NI and FP of

pak

Every state designs its foreign policy on its National interests rejecting feelings and
emotions. Why did Pakistan prefer emotions, feelings and Ideology in its foreign
policy? Also analyze its impact.

Area of Focus
01. Nuclear Cooperation with China
a. Civil Nuclear Deal
b. Reservations of US and India & its rebuttal
02. Newest Treaties/Pacts/Agreements/Ratifications
a. APTTA
b. IP Revived, CORE-100
03. Floods of Biblical Proportion
a. Causes & Implications
b. Damage & Relief Statistics
c. Effect on Infrastructure, Agriculture & Economy
06. Water Crisis/Management in Pakistan
a. Its Causes, Effects and Solutions
07. Energy Crisis/Management
a. Its Causes, Effects and Solutions
b. On-going as well as Future Plans to tackle this problem
08. Agricultural Products
a. Irrigation Network/Projects/System/Canals etc
b. Problems in cultivation
09. Major Industries
a. Problems of Industrialization
10. Educational Development
a. National Education Policy
b. Literacy/Illiteracy rates and measures to improve. 11. Taxation Reforms
a. Inland Revenue System (IRS)
b. RGST (VAT)
12. Miscellaneous Issues
a. Corruption
b. Nepotism
c. Family Politics (Dynastical System)
d. Any Significant Bill Passed by Parliament
- Child Protection Bill 2010.
1) Objective Resolution (2004)
2) Six points of Mujeeb ur Rehman (2004)
3) Pakistan's role in the war against terrorism (2004)
4) Problems of Educational System in Pakistan (2003)
5) Geo-Political; position of Pakistan (2003)
6) Pakistan is a rich country where poor people live. (2003)
7) Chaudhri Rehmat AH. (2001)
8) Allama Iqbal (2001)
9) Kashmir conflict (2001)
10) Kalabagh Dam (2001)
11) Assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan (2000)
12) The salient features of the Constitution of 1956 (2000)
13) Unemployment in Pakistan (2000)

Area of Focus
01. Phases of Government from 1947-2014
02. Military Interventions and its causes, implications. 03. PAK-EU Relationships
04. Pakistanís role in ëWar on Terrorí and its implications
05. Latest Developments
1. Pak-US Strategic Dialogues
2. Sino-Pak Nuclear Deal
3. Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline
4. Recent changes in Indo-Pak relations
5. Afghan-Pakistan Trade Transit Agreement (APTTA)
6. Any further development occurring till February; 2011. Study Area: Short Notes

7..Land, Geography, Resources, Climate, Culture, Federation of Pakistan

01. What is federation?

a. Strengths and weaknesses of Pakistan as federation
02. Geo-strategic location of Pakistan
a. Geo-strategic importance of Pakistan
03. Culture of Pakistan: A blend of socio-religio-ethno idiosyncrasies