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 MANAGING YOUR PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY ONLINE

MUPIO.indb 1 05-10-2018 22:10:22

MUPIO.indb 2 05-10-2018 22:10:25
 MANAGING YOUR
PROFESSIONAL
IDENTITY ONLINE
A Guide for Faculty, Staff, and Administrators

Kathryn E. Linder
Foreword by Laura Pasquini

STERLING, VIRGINIA

MUPIO.indb 3 05-10-2018 22:10:25

 COPYRIGHT © 2018 BY STYLUS PUBLISHING, LLC.

Published by Stylus Publishing, LLC.

22883 Quicksilver Drive
Sterling, Virginia 20166-2019

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced in any form
or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying, recording and information storage and retrieval, without
permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Linder, Kathryn E., author.
Title: Managing your professional identity online : a guide for faculty, staff, and
administrators / Kathryn E. Linder ; foreword by Laura Pasquini.
Description: First edition. | Sterling, Virginia : Stylus Publishing, LLC., [2018] |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018007114 (print) |
LCCN 2018022475 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781620366707 (Library networkable e-edition) |
ISBN 9781620366714 (Consumer e-edition) |
ISBN 9781620366684 (cloth : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9781620366691 (pbk. : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: College teachers--Vocational guidance. |
College administrators--Vocational guidance. | Online identities. |
Self-presentation. | Personal information management. | Internet in higher education.
Classification: LCC LB1778 (ebook) |
LCC LB1778 .L56 2018 (print) |
DDC 378.1/2--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018007114

13-digit ISBN: 978-1-62036-668-4 (cloth)

13-digit ISBN: 978-1-62036-669-1 (paperback)
13-digit ISBN: 978-1-62036-670-7 (library networkable e-edition)
13-digit ISBN: 978-1-62036-671-4 (consumer e-edition)

Printed in the United States of America

All first editions printed on acid-free paper

that meets the American National Standards Institute
Z39-48 Standard.

Bulk Purchases
Quantity discounts are available for use in workshops and
for staff development.
Call 1-800-232-0223

First Edition, 2018

MUPIO.indb 4 05-10-2018 22:10:25

 For Professor Linda Mizejewski,
who encouraged me as a young writer
and who has been cheering me on over many years
For Benjamin Winter,
who brings so much joy and humor to my life
and who never balks when I buy another domain name
And for Ralph Winter,
my model for calm under pressure
and because, finally, it’s your turn

MUPIO.indb 5 05-10-2018 22:10:25

MUPIO.indb 6 05-10-2018 22:10:25
 CONTENTS

TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOXES ix

FOREWORD xi
Laura Pasquini

PREFACE xiii
The Planting of a Seed

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii

INTRODUCTION
Why Digital Identities Matter 1

1 WHAT MAKES A STRONG DIGITAL IDENTITY? 11

2 CHOOSING WHERE TO BE PRESENT ONLINE 23

3 EVALUATING YOUR CURRENT DIGITAL IDENTITY 37

4 CHOOSING HOW TO REPRESENT YOURSELF ONLINE 47

5 TOOLS FOR UPDATING AND MANAGING YOUR ONLINE PRESENCE 59

6 DESIGNING AN EFFECTIVE DIGITAL CV OR RÉSUMÉ 69

7 BUILDING A PROFESSIONAL WEBSITE 81

8 TWEETS, UPDATES, AND OTHER FORMS OF POSTING ONLINE 95

9 BUILDING AND ENGAGING WITH ONLINE COMMUNITIES 107

10 RESPONDING TO ONLINE CONFLICT 117

11 STRATEGIES TO CREATE AND SHARE CONTENT WITH LARGER AUDIENCES 127

CONCLUSION
Three Examples From Higher Education Professionals
With Kevin Gannon, Lee Skallerup Bessette, and Anonymous145

GLOSSARY 157

vii

MUPIO.indb 7 05-10-2018 22:10:25

 viii  contents

REFERENCES 163

INDEX 169

MUPIO.indb 8 05-10-2018 22:10:25

 TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOXES

Tables
Table 2.1 Potential Platforms Categorized by Theme 24
Table 3.1 Potential Platforms and Level of Engagement 38
Table 3.2 Platform Use Organized by Level of Engagement 39
Table 3.3 Applying the Six Criteria to Your Online Identity Components 42
Table 3.4 Strengths of and Changes Needed for Online Profiles 43
Table 4.1 Time Tracker Tool to Measure Your Online Engagement 52
Table 4.2 Upcoming Engagements That Necessitate Increased Online
Presence53
Table 4.3 Examples of Upcoming Engagements That Necessitate
Increased Online Presence 53
Table 5.1 Sample Master List 60
Table 5.2 Master List Template 61
Table 8.1 Spectrum for Personal and Professional Promotion
of Online Content 96

Figures
Figure 1.1 Six criteria of a strong digital identity. 15
Figure 4.1 An engagement spectrum for online platforms. 51

Boxes
Box 1.1 Should you put your picture online? 13
Box 1.2 Being intentional online. 14
Box 1.3 Google Alerts. 18
Box 1.4 Keeping your headshot up-to-date. 19
Box 1.5 Representing your full self online. 21
Box 2.1 Sharing links. 25
Box 2.2 Being a YouTuber as a higher education professional. 33
Box 2.3 Experimenting to find the right online spaces. 35
Box 3.1 Taking a digital sabbatical. 45
Box 4.1 Getting personal online. 50
Box 4.2 Sample list of identity words and phrases. 51
Box 4.3 Being consistent online. 54

ix

MUPIO.indb 9 05-10-2018 22:10:25

 x  tables, figures, and boxes

Box 4.4 An additional resource for crafting taglines. 57

Box 5.1 Storing your information in the cloud. 62
Box 5.2 IFTTT. 65
Box 5.3 Blogs for social media platforms. 66
Box 5.4 Blogs for social media scheduling tools. 67
Box 5.5 A love for online engagement. 67
Box 6.1 Getting a job offer based on online presence. 70
Box 6.2 Résumé example for multiple roles at the same institution. 72
Box 6.3 CV components (listed alphabetically). 73
Box 6.4 Example summary statement. 75
Box 6.5 Example of brief statement describing institution of employment. 76
Box 6.6 CV and résumé spacing. 77
Box 7.1 Professional websites as conversation starters. 83
Box 7.2 Promoting your book through a website. 84
Box 7.3 Examples of professional websites. 85
Box 7.4 Avoiding spam. 85
Box 7.5 Free domain names and websites. 86
Box 7.6 Privacy considerations for choosing a registrar. 88
Box 7.7 Redirecting domain names. 88
Box 7.8 Need website design help? 90
Box 8.1 News aggregation websites. 97
Box 8.2 Modeling professional online engagement for students. 100
Box 8.3 Academic and higher education hashtags. 103
Box 8.4 Live-tweeting conferences and events. 104
Box 9.1 Listserv directory examples. 109
Box 9.2 Virtually connecting at conferences. 113
Box 9.3 Platforms for building online communities. 114
Box 9.4 Using social media to listen. 116
Box 10.1 Encountering online conflict without the protection of tenure. 119
Box 10.2 It’s hard to know how to do it right: Maria’s story. 121
Box 10.3 Negative responses to public scholarship: Karen’s story. 122
Box 10.4 Witnessing online conflict among students. 123
Box 10.5 Seeking support in responding to online conflict: Jack’s story. 125
Box 11.1 E-mail service providers. 128
Box 11.2 Sample e-mail list welcome message. 130
Box 11.3 Building an audience. 131
Box 11.4 Image sources for blog posts. 134
Box 11.5 Monetizing a podcast. 135
Box 11.6 Webinar platforms. 137
Box 11.7 Web form options. 139
Box 11.8 Hosting an online conference. 141
Box 11.9 Social media image creation platforms. 143
Box 11.10 Social media image augmentation apps. 144
Box 11.11 Tools for measuring the impact of your online presence. 144

MUPIO.indb 10 05-10-2018 22:10:25

 FOREWORD

H
ave you thought much about your online self? Beyond developing a social
media profile to network among scholars, higher education professionals
and faculty are highlighting pedagogical practices, tracking research impact,
supporting colleagues, and contributing to professional learning online. We are all
public intellectuals now, in some shape or form, so it is critical to review the media
for participation as digital scholars and networked practitioners.
Colleagues interested in creating an online presence should explore the wealth of
social and digital resources available to connect to learning networks, exchange peda-
gogical ideas, and disseminate information. There are so many ways to craft an active,
online profile to signal to peers and share within networked communities of interest.
Along with early career researchers and teaching faculty, applied practitioners are
contributing to the growing network of knowledge in postsecondary education. A num-
ber of higher education staff and senior administrators use digital spaces to form per-
sonal learning networks and share evidence-based practices that deal with issues we face
in higher learning, such as student retention, employment development, and financial
costs of education. The motivation to join these “digital water coolers” is simple—social,
digital platforms allow a direct connection to colleagues and resources in higher educa-
tion. With the ease of these emergent technologies, we are now able to discover what
colleagues beyond campus are working on, understand new perspectives for practice,
and enhance our knowledge by broadening our online professional learning networks.
Hashtags have influenced how online communities use Twitter for learning and
professional development. For example, student affairs practitioners host a weekly,
moderated Twitter chat with the hashtag #sachat to discuss ways to support student
services, offer career development advice, discuss program development, and pro-
vide personal/professional support for graduate students and practitioners (Guidry
& Pasquini, 2016). The #phdchat hashtag offers doctoral researchers a space to dis-
tribute academic papers, promote events or publications, ask questions, offer pro-
ductivity tips, share gratitude, and offer advice on teaching and learning (Veletsianos,
2016b). Additional higher education communities use Twitter to organize formal
and informal discussions about academic advising (#acadv), learning and teaching
(#lthechat), early career research (#ecrchat), enrollment management (#emchat),
academic writing (#acwri), digital pedagogy (#digped), and more.
Beyond Twitter, a growing number of individuals and collective groups are gath-
ering online, in synchronous and asynchronous ways, to learn and develop. Social
and digital platforms often frequented by postsecondary peers include blogs, Face-
book groups, presentation sharing sites, video channels, podcast series, image sharing
(e.g., Flickr or Instagram), LinkedIn Groups, Slack back-channels, shared documents

xi

MUPIO.indb 11 05-10-2018 22:10:25

 xii  foreword

(e.g., Google docs or wikis), and reference sharing websites (e.g., Mendeley or Zotero).
Increasingly, digital tools help higher education academics and professionals solicit
information and seek out feedback or professional advice. There are academic-focused
networking sites, such as Academia.edu and ResearchGate, that allow for preprint
publication sharing, scholar identifications, comment/feedback requests, and tracking
of research dissemination. On mainstream social networks, such as Facebook, Twitter,
and YouTube, scholars and practitioners often display examples of instructional mate-
rials, student support resources, and applied evidence-based practices.
With the advent of social networks and online platforms also arrives the necessity
to cultivate our individual digital identity. Your digital footprint is now your busi-
ness card. What you leave behind on social networks and websites better showcases
your experiences more so than a typical résumé or CV. Higher education scholars and
practitioners are more conscientious of how to manage their online presence by aggre-
gating research citations on ORCID, curating employment experiences on LinkedIn,
and archiving research presentations or instructional materials on SlideShare. Spheres
of influence and interest expand as social technologies and accessible web design allow
staff and faculty the opportunity to develop a website hub for showcasing their talents,
experiences, and skills. Unlike publications that remain dormant in an online database
or strategic plans that get shared only within an institution, higher education profes-
sionals and academics now have the ability to become curators and broadcasters of
knowledge. Open social outlets provide a wider reach for digital distribution, discus-
sion, and debate among postsecondary educators. The barriers for reaching multiple
audiences are often removed with these open, online, and interdisciplinary networks.
Academics and professionals do not have to rely only on traditional methods for shar-
ing knowledge and practice—that is, typically a conference meeting or scholarly pub-
lication. Digital and social spaces offer new ways to communicate, collaborate, create,
and share knowledge across disciplines and functional areas in higher education.
As our networked, social spheres online mature, scholars and scholar-
practitioners need to consider how to best operate in this evolving attention econ-
omy. Our institutions are not fully prepared to support higher education profession-
als and academics on these connected digital platforms. We need our organizations
to offer learning development for crafting an online persona, strategies for effectively
sharing knowledge, and increased guidance and support for being a networked prac-
titioner and/or digital scholar. This education should also be paired with thoughtful
conversations around both the benefits and challenges of sharing teaching, research,
and service scholarship in open social spaces. This book encourages faculty and staff
to consider how they want to “be” online, with practical questions, guiding strategies,
and helpful links to digital resources. As members of the higher education commu-
nity increasingly “live” online, personally and professionally, it will be increasingly
critical to keep this conversation open to further understand how these virtual spaces
influence and impact our practice.
Laura Pasquini
Senior Lecturer, Department of Learning Technologies, University of North
Texas; and Researcher, The Digital Learning and Social Media Research Group,
Royal Roads University, Victoria, British Columbia

MUPIO.indb 12 05-10-2018 22:10:25

 PREFACE
The Planting of a Seed

I
n the summer of 2016, as I was preparing to promote my second book, I realized
that my online digital identity needed refreshing. Because of using a “profes-
sional” first name of Kathryn for publishing, it meant that people could find
me under two names (Kathryn and Katie) online. I also noticed that I had several
dormant accounts that needed updating and that some accounts did not include a
recent headshot. There were also several new online platforms for academics that I
had heard of but had not yet taken the time to investigate. To be honest, it was all a
bit overwhelming, and I was not quite sure where to start.
As an academic is inclined to do, I began with research. I looked around to see
if there was any guidance about how to go about the process of updating my online
identity as a scholar and higher education professional. I read through blog posts
to see if anyone had created a list of the places that academics typically represented
themselves online. I searched through The Chronicle of Higher Education and Inside
Higher Ed to find articles about online identity management for academics. Unfor-
tunately, I did not find much. Fortunately, that experience planted the seed for this
book.
Without much guidance, I took a long weekend and got to work finding and
updating my accounts and profiles across the Internet. I changed my name to be con-
sistently “Katie Linder” on all my profiles. I uploaded new profile pictures to make
myself easier to identify across multiple platforms. I started to think more strategi-
cally about how and where I wanted to post regular updates about my scholarship
and other “outputs” from my academic life, such as the podcast that I host for my job
and the three other podcasts I host on the side. That long weekend served as a good
jump start for me, but it also got me thinking about what it means to be an academic
online. I found myself reflecting on several questions that became central to this book:

• What do I hope to achieve through my online professional identity?

• To what degree should my online presence be professional? To what degree
should it be personal?
• Where should I “be” online? Do I need to have profiles on every platform?
• Whom do I want to connect with through the online platforms where I have
profiles and posts? Why do I want to connect with them?
• How much is too much in terms of what I post about my own professional
work, publications, and accomplishments?
• How do I engage online in an active way without it taking too much of my
time, resources, or energy?

xiii

MUPIO.indb 13 05-10-2018 22:10:25

Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
make a hit without boring in, and then he paid for his
temerity.
34.—Curtis bled copiously on appearing at the
scratch. Some exchanges took place, and both down.
35.—This was an excellent round, and both the
combatants upon the alert. The advantage was most
completely on the side of Turner, who used both hands
so successfully that Curtis was milled down.
36.—Merely struggling to obtain the throw, and both
down.
37.—Curtis hit short at the body, when they fought
their way to the ropes, and the latter held Turner’s
hands. They broke away, exchanged a few blows, and
both went down. Curtis threw away a great number of
hits.
38.—Of no consequence. Both down.
39.—Turner put in two severe facers, without any
return. Some exchanges occurred till both went down.
During this round Owen gave directions to Turner
respecting his mode of fighting, and told him to “hit
out.”
40.—Turner followed Curtis all over the ring, nobbed
him with the most perfect ease, put in four successive
blows with his left hand, and finished the round by
flooring his antagonist.
41.—This was a truly singular round. Curtis ran in
furiously and seized so fast hold of the wrists of Turner
that he could not disengage himself from this awkward
situation. He at length slung Curtis completely round,
when the latter lost his hold.
42.—In closing, Turner fibbed his opponent down.
Curtis could not resist the overwhelming length of his
adversary; and, although things seemed so much
against him, still he did not want for resolution.
43.—Curtis, from the repeated punishment he had
received, seemed quite abroad, and totally at a loss
how to make a hit. He kept continually retreating from
his adversary, till he was sent down.
44.—Curtis again seized hold of his opponent’s
hands; when Turner released himself he floored his
antagonist. Every person seemed surprised at the
conduct of Curtis—it was desperation personified.
 45.—It was all up with Curtis as to fighting. He had
not the slightest chance of winning. In struggling, both
down.
46.—Curtis came to the scratch boldly, and put in a
casual hit, but he was soon sent down.
47.—Turner hit Curtis with such severity upon his
face that he staggered and fell. Turner stepped over
him, and looked at his prostrate antagonist.
48.—The gameness of Curtis prompted him to go on,
and he endeavoured to tire out his adversary. It was a
sharp struggle to obtain the throw.
49.—A short round, and both down.
50.—It was mere protraction on the part of Curtis,
and his friends requested him to resign the contest; but
he would not listen to anything like defeat. Turner
made some successful hits. In struggling, both down.
51.—On setting to Curtis slipped down.
52.—The left hand of Turner by a slight hit sent
Curtis off his legs.
53.—The head of Curtis was bleeding copiously. His
sight was growing defective, and the blows he
attempted to make were out of distance. However, in
closing, Curtis got Turner down.
54 to 57.—In these four rounds Curtis scarcely set-to
before he was either sent or went down. (Any odds on
Turner.)
58.—Curtis seemed to think it was not all over with
him and desperately bored in to punish his adversary;
but this only occasioned extra milling. In closing, both
down.
59.—Curtis on the same tack, but he was soon
stopped and thrown.
60.—Curtis was all desperation, but sent down
almost upon setting to.
61.—The left hand of Turner was again punishing his
opponent’s face; but, in closing, Turner dropped him
with such ease and forbearance, as to obtain applause
from all parts of the ring.
62.—It was evident from the strange manner in
which Curtis attacked his adversary that he was nearly
in a state of darkness. In running at Turner he passed
by him, turned round confusedly, and was floored.
Many of Curtis’s friends were sanguine enough to think
that he might be enabled to tire out his adversary by
his determined resolution.
63.—It was astonishing to view what a bottom man
could effect. Notwithstanding the dreadful state Curtis
was reduced to, and distressed beyond imagination, he
struggled with Turner, and ultimately threw him; but
still no change appeared.
64.—This desperate mode of going in was acted upon
too late. The strength of Curtis was fast leaving him,
and he could now scarcely make a push at his opponent
with any degree of certainty; while Turner was so much
at his ease, that he administered scarcely any
additional punishment, and behaved to his brave
adversary with much consideration and humanity.
65.—Curtis, with great desperation, again tried to
hold Turner’s hands; but he was hit down.
66.—In this round a trifling demur was nearly taking
place. In closing, a struggle occurred, when Turner, to
disengage himself, caught Curtis by the thighs and
threw him. A cry of “foul!” “fair!” was loudly
vociferated; but the umpire did not pay any attention
to it. Curtis was literally in a state of stupor.
67.—Curtis on setting to was instantly sent down.
68 and last.—It was piteous to view this little game
cock of the true English breed endeavour to fight
another round. He immediately went down. On being
placed upon his second’s knee his head dropped on one
side. He was insensible when the “time” was called;
while, on the contrary, his brave opponent, excepting
two heavy hits on the ear, was not materially injured.
The fight continued one hour and twenty-five minutes,
and finished five minutes before three o’clock.
Remarks.—In this conflict Turner proved himself a
steady scientific boxer: there was nothing hurried in
his manner, and he used his left hand with celerity and
decision. Instead of appearing a novice, he showed
himself a superior up-hill boxer to Curtis. He took the
lead and kept it; supported not only by length and
strength, but was by far the best fighter. His position
was so formidable, and his mode of setting to so
different from pugilists in general, that Curtis could
not get at him with anything like safety to make a hit.
 The knowing ones were completely outwitted upon this
event, which ought to operate as a useful lesson, by
inducing them to calculate the capabilities of the
combatants, instead of being led astray by the mere
greatness of names. Three to one is dangerous betting
at all times.

Notwithstanding the greatest exertion and humane care were

taken in speedily removing Curtis from the ring, after the battle had
terminated—in fact, but a few minutes had elapsed before he was put
to bed at the Red Lion Inn, Hampton, and medical assistance
procured—yet this brave, but unfortunate boxer, in the course of a
few hours breathed his last. The subject of his death having come
under the cognizance of the laws of the country, an inquisition was
taken on the body at the above inn, on Friday, October 25, 1816,
before Thomas Stirling, Esq., Coroner for Middlesex.
John Griffinhoof, surgeon, of Hampton, deposed to being sent for
on Tuesday evening to attend upon the deceased, who, when he
arrived, was in a state of insensibility. There were no blows upon the
body which, in his opinion, could have caused a man’s death. There
was a general discoloration from the waist upwards. He bled him in
the arm, and applied leeches to his temples, and also endeavoured to
administer to him a draught. He was of opinion that the blows which
he received on the head were the cause of his death. The deceased
lived until twelve o’clock at night.
Mr. Morris Jones, surgeon, of Hampton, gave similar evidence. He
believed that a blood-vessel had broken in his head, and the only
hopes he had of his recovery was by his bleeding profusely.
Richard Coombe, fishmonger, of Hampton, was present at the
fight between the deceased and Turner. It was a pitched battle. He
never heard of there being any quarrel between Curtis and Turner;
saw Curtis enter the ring at half past one o’clock; Turner entered
directly after. They stripped, shook hands, and then commenced
fighting. When they had fought more than an hour, witness went up
to Curtis and advised him to give in; but he observed that he could
see, and should beat his opponent yet. He said his seconds advised
Curtis not to fight any longer, and forced him to the ropes, but he
broke from them and faced Turner again. The third round after he
forced himself from his seconds, Turner gave him a heavy blow,
which threw him, and fell upon him. He was raised up by his
seconds, and the battle ended. Turner was declared the conqueror.
He was informed that Curtis had been, previous to the fight about a
month, unwell with a certain disease, and had been under the care of
two physicians of St. Thomas’s Hospital. His friends, thinking him
not in a sound state, advised him not to fight; but Curtis was
determined. He never saw a fairer fight. Turner could have struck
him several times between the fiftieth and sixty-eighth (last) rounds,
when he would not, on account of his having such an advantage over
his opponent. At one time he stood over Curtis as he leaned against
the ropes, and might have given him a violent blow, having him
wholly in his power; instead of doing so he lifted up his hands and
walked away.
Another witness, also sworn, observed, that for about twelve
rounds before the termination of the contest, he told Curtis he had
no chance to win, and that it was a pity he should suffer himself to be
beaten to pieces. The reply of the deceased was, that he could not
lose the battle, and he maintained this assertion against every
remonstrance, until he fell in the last round, and never recovered
from a state of stupor. Oliver, his second, advised him also, in vain,
to resign long before the battle was decided, and the umpire refused
to hold the watch any longer; but the deceased entertained a notion
that he could win until the moment he fell. The evidence of this
witness went to explain on the subject of the fall. He stated that, in
the struggle for superiority, both men were down, and that Turner
had an opportunity of doing mischief to his adversary, by falling
upon him, but he broke from him and behaved in a manly manner,
as he had done in other instances during the fight. After this fall,
Curtis never recovered from the stupor, and witness believed him to
be in a dying state before he reached the inn at Hampton.
It was further sworn that Turner had forborne to take advantage of
his adversary when he had him upon the ropes, and that he showed
much fair play during the combat.
The Coroner summed up:—Gentlemen of the jury, I have read over
the whole of the evidence which has been adduced, and it is now my
duty to point out to you what is the chief point for you to consider
with regard to your verdict. It is proved there was no previous
quarrel between Turner and the unfortunate deceased before their
contest at Moulsey Hurst; but, notwithstanding, it is my duty to tell
you that the meeting was unlawful, for Turner had no right to beat
Curtis until he died because he had his consent, although they did
not agree to fight till one had killed the other: yet such was the fact in
evidence, that the extremities of Curtis were dead before he left the
ring. There are certainly several points in favour of Turner. It
appears that he could several times, when he did not, have not only
disabled the deceased, but that he had him at one time so much in
his power that he could have put an end to the contest, but that he
avoided the opportunity of an advantage: still the deceased died in
consequence of the wounds he received from Turner. I have stated
what appears in favour of Turner; and, on the other side, that he
acted unlawfully, and you cannot discharge your duty, in my opinion,
unless you find him guilty in some degree—to what degree it is for
you to determine. The jury were in consultation for twenty minutes,
when they returned a verdict of manslaughter.
Upon the issuing of the warrant, Turner at once surrendered
himself.
On Friday, November 1, 1816, at the Old Bailey Sessions, Edward
Turner was indicted for the wilful murder of John Curtis, by
inflicting with both his hands divers blows, on the 22nd of October,
whereof he died.
The witnesses gave the same evidence as that before the coroner.
Turner being called upon for his defence, read from a written paper
as follows:—
“My Lords and Gentlemen of the Jury
“Deeply impressed with the great peril to which I am exposed by the present
charge made against me, and with the difficulty I necessarily experience in
substantiating my innocence, owing to the danger to which most competent
witnesses of the transaction would be exposed, were they to be examined, I must
solicit your serious attention to such facts as I shall be enabled to lay before you, by
which I trust not only my natural disposition will appear, but that on the occasion
of the sad catastrophe imputed to me I was goaded into a consent to fight the
deceased, who was himself a prize-fighter, and with the greatest reluctance I
entered the ring, after being assaulted; and when I did so, as soon as I ascertained
my superiority over my antagonist, I forbore on very many occasions, to avail
myself of the advantages that presented themselves to me, and with the greatest
reluctance continued the contest until the circumstance occurred which led to the
unfortunate event which I must ever deplore, and which has placed me in my
present awful situation. I beg to state that my pursuits in life are honest, my
aversion to prize-fighting great, never having before fought a pitched battle; nor
should I on this occasion, but for the great aggravation which will be proved I
received. I assure your Lordships and gentlemen of the Jury, that I am totally
innocent of any intention to seriously injure the deceased, and that there never
existed in my mind the smallest particle of malice towards him. I trust, therefore,
that my character for humanity and forbearance will have its due weight on this
occasion.”

During the time the clerk of the arraigns was reading the defence,
the feelings of Turner were so oppressed that he was observed to
shed tears.
His counsel, Mr. Andrews (who had scarcely time to look over his
brief, in consequence of Mr. Adolphus not being in court, although
retained some days previous to the trial for Turner) then proceeded
to call a multitude of witnesses, all of whom gave him an excellent
character for humanity and mildness of disposition. Some of them
stated that he had never fought a prize battle before, and that he was
urged to the contest by the frequent importunities of the deceased,
who was not easy until he obtained his promise to fight him.
Baron Graham, in charging the jury, said this was not a case
accompanied by any circumstances that indicated previous malice on
the part of the prisoner. It appeared from the evidence that the
prisoner was not one of those men who devoted themselves to the
dangerous profession of prize-fighting. He was, it seemed,
considered to be a young man of boxing skill and prowess, a victory
over whom would increase the fame of his opponent, and therefore
he was urged, nay, goaded, to fight the battle which ended so
lamentably. There was certainly premeditation enough on his part to
make the crime murder, provided the parties had fought with
dangerous weapons, which were likely to produce death. The law was
quite certain and decided on this point. For if people met (a smaller
period even than a day having expired between their quarrel and
their meeting) to fight with deadly weapons, and death ensued, then
that was murder, because what the law called malice was apparent—
the act was done in cold blood. The present appeared to have been a
display of manhood and courage; and whilst they disapproved of
such a rencontre between two young men, they could not feel that
horror (this being a trial of natural courage and manhood) which,
under other circumstances, they might entertain. Under the
circumstances stated, the prisoner and the deceased met to fight on
the 22nd of October; but they met to fight with those natural arms
which, certainly, when strong men were opposed to each other,
might produce fatal effects, yet were not in general likely to occasion
dreadful consequences, and the contemplation of which could not
excite those feelings which deadly and dangerous weapons were
calculated to produce. It seemed evident that nothing like malice
existed in the mind of the prisoner. It was, as he had before
observed, a trial of prowess: no malice appeared, at least on the part
of the prisoner. He did not wish to cast any reflection on the memory
of a dead man; but, looking strictly to the circumstances, perhaps the
imputation of an angry feeling might rest on the deceased. It was in
evidence that, during the contest of nearly an hour and a half, the
prisoner had cautiously and humanely avoided using, to the extent
he might have done, the decided advantage and superiority which he
had over the deceased. There was nothing in his conduct like
deliberate cruelty, or a desire to injure his adversary, farther than the
result occasioned by his efforts to show himself the better man.
Water, it appeared, had frequently been thrown upon the deceased in
the course of the fight, he having previously taken large quantities of
a very powerful medicine (mercury). But a medical gentleman had
stated that such ablutions could not have materially affected him at
that time; and perhaps, considering the exertions he was making,
they might have refreshed him. The prisoner evidently showed that
humanity which did him credit and honour. It appeared that he
greatly regretted being obliged to continue the fight, in consequence
of the determination of the deceased. The principal part of the
charge, therefore, that of murder, was quite out of the question; but
there could be no doubt of the killing and slaying, which the law
considered a very high offence. The consequence had indeed been
fatal to that unhappy young man; but it would be extremely unjust to
say Turner was responsible for those consequences, as being the
cause of them. It was a fact, unquestionably true, that Turner had no
hostility whatever to the deceased, for, on the contrary, he had
shown himself actuated by the purest motives of humanity during
the whole contest; and, likewise, the numerous previous insults the
deceased had offered to Turner, were long and painfully endured
without any retaliation. This was honourable to his patience. The
taking away the life of the young man by the prisoner was clearly
proved; for the surgeon had stated that death had ensued, as he had
expected, in consequence of the injuries he had received.
The jury, after a short consideration, returned a verdict of
Manslaughter against the prisoner, but earnestly recommended him
to the merciful consideration of the court, on account of his
humanity and forbearance.
Mr. Baron Graham observed that the court participated in the
feelings of the jury.
At the end of the Sessions Turner was sentenced to two months’
imprisonment in Newgate.
During the confinement of Turner he conducted himself with so
much propriety and decorum as to merit the attention of the head
keeper, who granted him every indulgence consistent with the rules
of the place. He was also visited by many of the highest patrons of
pugilism.
Shortly after his liberation, Turner, by the advice of his friends,
took a benefit at the Minerva Rooms, Leadenhall Street, as a means
of contributing towards the heavy expenses he had sustained from
his trial and imprisonment. The amateurs rallied round him upon
this occasion in gratifying numbers.
The sporting circles of this period were extremely anxious to bring
about a match between the all-conquering Scroggins and Turner; but
the friends of Turner insisting that Scroggins should not exceed ten
stone seven pounds on coming into the ring, the match was for a long
time off, until the following accidental circumstance produced a
battle, after the previous regular propositions of bringing them
together had failed.
At a sporting dinner which took place at the Castle Tavern,
Holborn, on Wednesday, February 26, 1817, Mr. Emery, of Covent
Garden Theatre, in the chair, Turner and Scroggins were among the
visitors. In consequence of the deputy chairman being absent,
Scroggins was requested to fill up the vacancy. This little hero had
just returned from the Fives Court, after setting to with Tom Belcher,
in which display with the gloves he had been much applauded; being
somewhat warmed, and not standing upon the punctilio of waiting
for the toasts, he rallied his bottle in such quick succession that he
was completely floored. Shortly afterwards the effects of exertion and
the glass combined operated so somniferously on the upper works of
Scroggy, that he laid down his head and went to sleep. The company
were rather amused than offended with this inactive state of their
deputy, and he was permitted to enjoy the benefit of his slumbers.
On waking, he quitted the chair and introduced himself to the
company below stairs in the coffee-room. Turner soon afterwards
took his leave of the dinner party, and on his way home through the
house he took a peep, en passant, at the room below stairs. It is fair
to observe that Scroggins was in a state of inebriation. The company
remonstrated upon the impropriety of Scroggins’ behaviour, who
was quarrelling with and threatening to mill ould Joe Norton. Turner
civilly remarked that Norton was an old man, his time was gone by,
and as to his fighting it was quite out of the question. Scroggins, with
much asperity, abused Turner for his observation, called him
everything but a good one, and sneeringly told Ned that he had never
defeated any body; indeed, only “licked a man that was half dead
with disease before he entered the ring.” This produced a sharp
retort from Turner, when Scroggins gave the former a slap in the
face. A turn-up was the immediate consequence, but scarcely a blow
passed before they were both down, and Turner undermost. Sutton
instantly got between them; the company also interfered, and peace
was restored. The account of this fracas flew up stairs like lightning,
and the amateurs immediately discussed the subject. Scroggins, with
derision, offered to fight Turner £100 to £50; but the latter felt all
this was empty boasting. It was the general opinion of those present
that Turner had been unhandsomely treated by Scroggins; and, in
consequence, Mr. Soares, on the part of Turner, immediately made a
deposit of five guineas towards making a match in a month from that
time, although Mr. S. had, in every previous instance, supported
Scroggins. On Wednesday, the 12th of March, the partisans of both
heroes met at Belcher’s, and the stakes were made good. But
Scroggins was the “idol” of the sporting world, and it was a censure
upon any one’s judgment to name Turner as having anything like a
chance; indeed, infatuation was carried to such a pitch of
extravagance, respecting the overwhelming capabilities of Scroggins,
that the Jew Phenomenon never stood upon higher ground in the
best of his days.
It is impossible to describe the sensation this fight occasioned in
the sporting circles; the fame of Scroggins, from his having
conquered Boots, Dolly Smith, Nosworthy, Eales, Whittaker, and
Church, in succession, had made such a strong impression on the
minds of the fancy in general, that he was thought almost
invulnerable. Even Scroggins himself felt impressed with the same
idea, and fought £100 against Turner’s £50. It is true the match was
first made when Scroggins was not exactly compos mentis; but, in his
soberest moments, he boldly asserted he would win it with ease. The
capabilities of Turner he positively ridiculed, treated him as a mere
upstart pugilistic pretender, and flattered himself that the prowess of
Turner would vanish before his punishing arm, like snow before the
sun. For three nights previous to the battle taking place, the sporting
houses were crowded to excess, and so very high did this modern
Dutch Sam stand in the estimation of the knowing ones, that nothing
less than three to one would be accepted, and that only from an idea
that a chance hit or accident might operate against his usual success.
On Wednesday, March 26, 1817, as soon as it was light, groups of
pedestrians were seen on the Uxbridge Road; and by eight o’clock
carriages of all descriptions were rattling along, from the splendid
barouche and four down to the donkey and hampers. By eleven
twenty thousand persons had collected on the ground, a field near
Hayes, between the bridge and the turnpike, not far from the present
line of the Great Western Railroad, about ten miles on the Uxbridge
Road from Tyburn turnpike. At eighteen minutes to one Turner
appeared in the ring, dressed in a fashionable great coat, and threw
up his hat, and Scroggins immediately followed. Cribb tied the yellow
handkerchief belonging to Turner to the stake, and Oliver
immediately placed the blue fogle of Scroggins beside it. The
combatants shook hands before they stripped. Oliver and Clarke
appeared as seconds to Scroggins; the Champion of England and
Harry Harmer attended upon Turner. Three to one was the current
betting against the latter, and many thousands depended on the
event. Turner was an object of great curiosity, from his late
unfortunate battle with Curtis; but viewed as the antagonist of
Scroggins, the idea was sneered at. The ring measured twenty-four
feet, and the numerous carriages round it formed an elegant
amphitheatre. Lord Yarmouth and Colonel Barton acted as
timekeepers.
 THE FIGHT.
Round 1.—It was expected, on the combatants
setting-to, that Scroggins would adopt his usual
method of boring in to his adversary, or, to use his own
words, “take the fight out of him;” but he was more
cautious than usual, and a good deal of sparring took
place. He made a feint at Turner, and instantly got
away again. At length Scroggins put in a hit—some
trifling blows passed between them, and ultimately
Turner went down lightly, when Scroggins held up his
hands, by way of showing how little he thought of him.
2.—Scroggins now appeared a little more on the alert
to follow up his success; he gave Turner a sharp
nobber, but he failed in doing his usual punishing
execution. The customer before him was not of that
easy description he had flattered himself, and though
Turner went down, it was not from effective hitting.
(Many persons exclaimed, “Now where’s your three to
one?”)
3.—Turner, on setting-to, fought with his opponent
manfully, and planted a severe facer under his left eye;
and though, at the close of the round, he was again
down, his capabilities as a boxer were manifest. He
also met with great encouragement from the
spectators.
4.—This was a sharply contested round; both were at
work in right earnest, and in a close Turner gave his
opponent a severe cross-buttock. The concourse of
persons was so great, and their eager curiosity not
keeping pace with the etiquette usual upon these
occasions, pressed forward to the ropes—the outer ring
was broken, and all traces of the fight lost sight of,
excepting to a few, who, at the hazard of their lives,
kept in front.
The men continued to fight for several rounds under
this disadvantage, when the inner and smaller ring was
broken into, the stakes knocked down, and the ropes
trodden under foot. It was now more like a street row
than a prize fight, and the combatants had scarcely a
yard of space. Scroggins, notwithstanding being so
close to Turner, had by no means the best of him, and
it was the general opinion, that had no interruption
occurred Turner would have won. To attempt to
describe any of these rounds with accuracy would be a
deviation from the truth; and Mr. Jackson afterwards
declared it was totally out of his power to give an
opinion upon them. Carter, Painter, Dolly Smith,
Richmond, etc., exerted themselves with their
horsewhips to beat out the ring, but in vain; nothing
less than a troop of horse or a company of soldiers with
fixed bayonets could have attempted it with success.
Both men were accordingly taken from the ring, and
Mr. Jackson went round, declaring all the bets to be
null and void. At this period not less than thirty
thousand persons were present, and the carriages on
the spot and along the road were estimated at eight
thousand. A suspense of two hours occurred, and
thousands of inquiries took place to ascertain how the
day was to be finished. During this interval, the
costermongers wishing to clear their carts, but not
being able to persuade the customers (who had paid 3s.
a-piece to see the sports of the day) to retire from their
situations, actually took out their horses and lifted up
their vehicles, after the manner of shooting rubbish.
This mode of ousting the tenants occasioned much
laughter, and a little extra boxing. At length Mr.
Jackson appeared, when it was announced that the
contest was adjourned to a future day.
Turner proved himself a much more competent
boxer than was expected, and Scroggins was equally
deceived. Turner convinced Scroggins that his furious
onslaught was to be stopped. He hit him once so
tremendously on the jaw, that the latter held up his
head afterwards, and did not go boring in so furiously
as heretofore. They were both fresh on leaving the ring,
but neither of them were considered in good condition.
Scroggins had a black eye, and one of Turner’s peepers
was a little out of repair. It is but fair to state that much
difference of opinion existed on the subject, many
persons contending that Scroggins was not in the
slightest degree punished, and that Turner showed
evident symptoms of weakness on leaving the ring.
Several noblemen were present, and many first-rate
theatricals. It proved a rare day for the inn-keepers and
pike-men, and it was impossible to move a step, where
the pocket was concerned, without dearly paying for
curiosity.
 On the Monday evening after the fight every room to the top of
Belcher’s house was crowded to excess by the “Fancy,” so anxious
were the amateurs to learn the decision as regarded the coming
battle. The following articles were agreed to:—
“Castle Tavern, Holborn, March 31, 1817.

“John Scroggins engages to fight Edward Turner, 120 guineas to 80, on the 27th
of May. Ten pounds on each side are deposited; to fight in a twenty-four feet ring,
half-minute time; one half of the remainder of the money to be deposited at
Scroggins’s on the 15th of April. The whole to be made good on the 20th of May, at
Tom Belcher’s. The fight to take place not within twenty-five miles from London.
To be a fair stand-up fight. Mr. Jackson to name the place of fighting, and to
receive the money, till all is made good. The money, upon the first failure of
deposit, to be forfeited, and the other half if not made good. To meet in the ring
between twelve and one.
“J. SCROGGINS, his + mark.
“E. TURNER.

“Witness, J. W.”

So confident, it appears, were the partisans of Scroggins that

victory would again crown his exertions, that no fall whatever in the
betting took place from his unexpected battle in a room with Fisher,
when in a state of inebriation; in fact, it operated materially in his
favour. This rencontre will be found under the memoir of Scroggins,
Chapter IX., post.
In consequence of the Ascot race week falling at the time
appointed in the articles (May 27), the battle was, by mutual consent,
postponed to the 10th of June. Notwithstanding the secrecy
observed, the magistrates of Essex got hint enough not to permit
Matching Green to be the spot, as fixed upon for this trial of skill to
be decided. The attraction in the sporting circles was so great that
vehicles of all descriptions were on the road the whole of Monday
night; and as soon as daylight began to peep on Tuesday morning the
amateurs were in motion. Upon their arrival at Harlow, the
interruption was found out, and after a short deliberation it was
decided that the battle should take place in the adjoining county,
Hertfordshire, in a paddock contiguous to Sawbridgeworth. Thither
the cavalcade posted without delay, and the inhabitants of that quiet
village were not a little astonished at this sudden visit from galloping
horsemen, rattling post-chaises, barouches, tilburys, carts, etc., till
the important cause was learned. It was a profound secret here,
notwithstanding Turner slept at Mr. Parsons’, the White Lion Inn,
Sawbridgeworth, the preceding evening. He arrived from New Town
in Wales, where he had been in training under the care of his uncle,
Mr. Turner, and reached Barnet on Friday evening incog. He scarcely
saw five persons before he entered the ring, being under the
immediate care of his cousin, Mr. Baxter. He was in much better
condition than when he stripped at Hayes; but it is certain he still
might have been brought to a finer pitch. He weighed ten stone five
pounds. On meeting with his opponent, Scroggins, they shook hands
in the most friendly manner together. The stakes, as before stated,
were £120 on the part of Scroggins, against Turner’s £80. At half
past twelve Turner appeared in the twenty-four feet roped ring, and
threw up his hat. Scroggins soon followed his example. Tom Owen
and Jacobs were the seconds of Turner; and Harmer and Clark
attended upon Scroggins. Owen tied the yellow colour of his man
upon the post, and Harmer covered it with the true blue belonging to
Scroggins. It is curious to remark that this same blue handkerchief
belonging to the latter he had won all his seven battles in, but now he
sported a new one round him. The ring was unusually respectable
and select, not being above one deep, few, if any, pedestrians being
able to go the distance of thirty miles in time. One o’clock having
arrived, the parties shook hands, and the battle commenced. Two to
one on Scroggins.

THE FIGHT.
Round 1.—Two minutes elapsed in sparring and
dodging each other round the ring, both anxious to
obtain the first advantage. The firm and erect attitude
of Turner, who appeared armed at all points, seemed to
puzzle Scroggins so much that he was at a loss how to
commence the attack with any degree of certainty, and
that formidable resolution of going in furiously, which
gave him the lead in the commencement of all his other
fights, in the present instance had visibly abated.
Scroggins at length, neck or nothing, made a sort of
rush in, and after a short scuffling close, Turner went
down from a slight hit on the side of his head. (Loud
shouting, and three to one on Scroggins.)
2.—The little hero seemed pleased with his success,
and was going in with much gaiety to reduce the
confidence of Turner, when the latter put in a sharp
teazer on Scroggins’s mug with his right hand, that
rather stopped his career; in the course of the round he
planted another desperate facer, and added a severe hit
on the ribs. In closing, the strength of Scroggy
prevailed, and Turner was undermost.
3.—Scroggins seemed, in this early stage of the fight,
to anticipate that he had a very ugly customer before
him, and appeared unusually cautious. Several good
hits passed, but in closing, Turner was again
undermost.
4.—Turner was not long before he planted a
desperate hit on the throat of his opponent, that gave
him a sort of hiccup. Scroggins endeavoured to make
some rushing hits, but he lost his distance, and no
execution was done. In closing, both went down, but
Turner was undermost, having experienced a cross-
buttock.
5.—This round was well contested, and Scroggins,
quite determined, went in, but Turner milled his nob
sharply, and the claret was seen trickling down his
face. In closing, Turner was again undermost. At this
instant a troop of Yeomanry Cavalry made their
appearance, galloping down the lane towards the scene
of action, creating some alarm that the fight would
again be interrupted; but, on being interrogated, it
appeared they were admirers of native courage, and
only anxious to witness the mill.
6.—This was a short round. Scroggins missed a
desperately aimed blow at Turner’s body; he,
nevertheless, rushed in and hit Turner down.
7.—Scroggins came bleeding to the scratch, and a
good milling round occurred. Several sharp blows were
exchanged, but in closing, Turner was undermost.
8.—The little tar, without ceremony, rushed
headlong in, and scuffled with his antagonist till both
went down. (“Well done, Scroggins! he’ll tire out
Turner,” was the cry.)
 9.—On setting-to, Turner put in a tremendous facer
with his right hand, and got away with much dexterity.
Scroggins endeavoured to return, but lost his distance,
and Turner again nobbed him. The former appeared
confused, and dropped his hands, but at length rushed
in. In closing, Turner was undermost.
10.—This was a sharp round, but the coolness of
Turner was manifest, and he hit with much judgment.
He was perfectly aware of his opponent’s mode of
fighting, and always prepared to give him a warm
reception. In closing, Turner undermost.
11.—Scroggins commenced this round with
considerable caution, and nearly a minute occurred
before a blow was struck. Turner’s left hand claimed an
acquaintance with Scroggy’s cheek. Scroggins in return
endeavoured to plant a hit at Turner’s mark, that, had
it proved successful, might have materially changed the
face of the battle. He, nevertheless, in closing, again
sent Turner over the ropes.
12.—This was a tremendous round; the combatants
rallied in grand style. In closing, Turner fibbed his man
terribly, and for the first time the little hero was
undermost.
13.—From the severe fibbing Scroggins had received
after setting-to he hastily retreated; loud hissing arose
from all parts of the ring. But he soon recovered from
his panic, and it was as sharp a round as any in the
fight. Turner gave his opponent a hit that sent him
quite round; but Scroggins again opposed him with the
most determined spirit, and followed him till, in
closing, both went down. (Turner was now evidently
the favourite.)
14.—Turner immediately planted a facer on setting-
to. (Applause.) Scroggins also made a hit, and Turner
went down from it, as if he had slipped.
15.—Smashing hits on both sides, but many of them
out of distance. Scroggins was again fibbed, but he
stopped this sort of punishment by holding the hands
of Turner. He also obtained the throw, and Turner was
undermost.
16.—On setting-to, Scroggins got back, and Turner
put down his hands, convincing his opponent he had
leisure enough to wait for him. Turner at length
planted a desperate ribber, and Scroggins furiously
bored in. In closing, the latter again obtained his usual
advantage.
17.—This was a curious round. Scroggins, on
receiving a hit, turned round, but furiously renewed
the combat. Turner, in closing, had the advantage
materially in fibbing his opponent, yet Scroggins got
him down.
18.—Turner, with much coolness, nobbed Scroggins
and got away. The latter seemed quite at fault: he was
at sea without a rudder—no sight of land appeared in
view, and desperation seemed his only resource.
Scroggy rushed in again on the bull-dog system, and
ultimately succeeded in getting Turner undermost.
During this round Clark, Scroggins’ second, fell down
in a fit, and was succeeded by Ned Painter.
19.—Scroggins made a good body hit, and smashed
away with much spirit. He was manfully opposed by
Turner, but the latter ultimately went down, and
almost a second had elapsed when Scroggy fell with all
his weight upon him. Some marks of disapprobation,
but it might have been accident.
20.—Turner, with considerable ease, planted a right-
handed hit on the already chanceried nob of Scroggins,
and got away; but the latter, to revenge this attack,
rushed in with uncommon ardour to make a change, if
possible, and while endeavouring to put in some
tremendous blows, received a slight hit that caused
him to fall and slip out of the ring.
21.—Some heavy hits were dealt out on both sides,
and Turner, in particular, received one so severe on the
right side of his nob, that for a second it was almost
upon his shoulder. In closing, both down.
22.—This was positively the best round in the fight;
the blows were heard all round the ring. A desperate
rally occurred, and the men broke away; but Scroggins,
not satisfied that he had done enough, endeavoured to
go in head foremost to take the fight out of his
opponent. Turner, prepared for his impetuosity, hit
upwards as he was coming in, upon his throat, with
great effect. In closing, both down, Turner undermost.
Scroggins, on his second’s knee, hemmed for wind, and
he also discharged a considerable quantity of the
crimson fluid from his mouth.
 23.—Scroggins rushed in, and both down.
24.—Things had now materially changed, and five
and six to one were freely offered on Turner. On
Scroggins reaching the scratch his knees trembled
under him, and he appeared like a man intoxicated. He
endeavoured to plant a hit, and fell.
25.—Turner gave him a left handed facer, and also a
severe ribber with his right. Scroggins was quite
abroad; he could make no hit with any degree of
certainty, and once more resorted to boring in, till both
went down. The combatants were close together while
sitting on the knees of their seconds, when Turner laid
hold of his opponent’s hand and gave it a friendly
shake.
26.—On setting-to Turner planted a dreadful facer,
and soon after hit Scroggins clean down. (Seven to one
was offered.) Brandy was now called for to renovate the
little hero, but it was of no avail.
27.—On coming to the scratch, after a slight hit from
Turner, Scroggins turned round and retreated till he
got to a corner of the ring. Turner stood still, pointing
his finger at him and beckoning him to come up and
fight, but it would not do. Turner was compelled to
follow Scroggins, when they closed. Severe fibbing was
again dealt out to him, till both went down.
28.—Turner left the knee of his second in a most
lively manner, but Scroggins seemed to come very
reluctantly to the point of war. Scroggins threw away
his blows, and he received some dreadful up-hits in his
throat that electrified him.
29.—Scroggins was brought to the mark, and he had
scarcely lifted up his hands when he was hit down.
(Ten to one offered freely.)
30.—The nob of Scroggins now appeared much
damaged, and his ribs exhibited a token of severe
punishment. But though the little hero was prevented
from doing any mischief, he nevertheless contended for
the throw, and obtained it.
31.—The superiority of Turner astonished all
present. He made a successful hit with his right hand
on the face of Scroggins, and instantly made another
good one upon his ribs. The little hero turned round in
a state of confusion, and was sent down. (Great
applause. Five to three offered that Scroggins did not
fight three more rounds.)
32.—Scroggins had been literally stupid for the last
half hour, from the heavy blows he had received on his
head, and in not being able to stop the upper-cuts of
Turner. At out fighting in this round he was much
punished, and severely fibbed, till Turner dropped him.
(“Well done, Turner.”)
33 and last.—It was all up with the sailor, who had
made so much noise in the fighting circles for the last
three years. He had been pronounced to be almost
invincible, and he had flattered himself into the belief.
In the last ten rounds, in point of fighting, he had no
chance whatever; nevertheless he fought with much
bravery. Scroggins endeavoured to do something in
this round, put in some hits, but turned away from his
opponent from the severity of punishment, and fell. On
being placed upon his second’s knee, he gave in. Upon
Harry Harmer hoisting the handkerchief as a token of
defeat, it is impossible to describe the appearance of
the ring. They seemed lost in reverie, till giving vent to
their surprise, they exclaimed, “What, Scroggins given
in? Impossible!” The battle lasted one hour and twelve
minutes. Scroggins was carried out of the ring, and put
into a post-chaise, Turner having won almost without a
scratch.
Remarks.—The “Napoleon of the ring” has at length
been defeated, but not disgraced; and, like other
mighty fighting heroes, has been taught what it is to
drink of the bitter cup of disappointment. He is now
blamed for his confidence and temerity by those very
admirers who supported him; but it may be asked,
what is a hero without feeling confident of victory?
Scroggins entered the ring under these feelings, and
endeavoured to come out a conqueror. He did all that a
man could do; and the hero, who defeated in
succession, Boots, Dolly Smith, Nosworthy, Eales,
Whittaker, Church, and Fisher, ought not to be
forgotten in an honourable defeat with a superior man.
Scroggins was never considered a boxer in a scientific
point of view, and this day he completely proved the
truth of the assertion. The judgment and science were
completely on the side of Turner; he never struggled to
lose his strength in throwing, but went down with
 scarcely any resistance. He never hit first, but only
when the opportunity was undeniable. His guard was
so firm that Scroggins could never get at him without
being exposed to great danger. His coolness was
equally admirable; and, in opposition to Scroggins, he
made the ferocity of the latter subservient to his skill.
The desperation of Scroggins, which had so terrified
his opponents hitherto, was reduced to confusion; and
the ease with which he was conquered, astonished the
most knowing amateurs, and many of them paid dearly
for their confidence. At best, he was only a resolute
smashing fighter, and none of his opponents, except
Turner, could get away from his severe punishment.
He lost by out-fighting with Turner, and was worse off
from going in. In the fight at Hayes, Turner has since
acknowledged, he received so violent a blow from
Scroggins that he could not for a month afterwards
open his mouth without considerable pain.

Turner was so fresh that he was able to have fought another battle,
and walked round the ring during the next fight. He drove himself to
London, and appeared so little hurt from his conflict that he returned
with all the gaiety of a spectator. The house kept by Scroggins, in
Westminster, was surrounded by hundreds of people waiting for the
intelligence; and so much confidence were the crowd inspired with in
behalf of the naval hero, that his defeat was not believed till he
arrived at home about one in the morning.
The backers of Turner met on the Friday evening following at
Belcher’s, the Castle Tavern, Holborn, and presented him with the
whole of the stakes, amounting to £120, as a reward for his courage.
Turner also paid his fallen opponent a friendly visit the preceding
evening, when Scroggins said he wished to retrieve his lost laurels in
a new contest for £100 a side. Turner, who had no wish to fight
again, but merely as a matter of accommodation, said he could not
meet him for less than £200 a side. Scroggins attributed his defeat to
a chance blow in the throat, accompanied with getting one of his feet
into a small hole in the ground, which threw him off his balance; and
it was at that precise instant, he said, that he received the above hit,
which deprived him of his wind throughout the conflict.
A short time after the above conquest Turner made a visit to New
Town, where he had recently been in training, and which is the birth-
place of his parents and relatives. He was hailed with all the respect
due to a hero in a more important cause. The companions of his
youth, and the admirers of pugilism among the Ancient Britons,
caused a congratulatory peal to be rung upon the bells in honour of
his victory. A feast was held at the first inn in the place, and two
roasted fat sheep, with gilded horns, were served up with the et
ceteras, including plenty of game. The evening was conducted with
the utmost conviviality, and the Welsh bards mustered upon this
occasion composed and sung extemporaneous verses in praise of the
brave and of the exploits of their countryman.
Upon the return of Turner to London the stakes were made good,
for 300 guineas, and Scroggins, it seems, so much fancied this third
trial of skill, that, in order to train correctly, he relinquished his
character as a publican, and disposed of his house. But the opinion of
the sporting world had changed, and seven to four was the current
betting upon Turner. The charm of the invincibility of Scroggins was
broken, and the great interest this little hero once sustained in the
milling circles was materially injured by his defeat.
From some apparently careless conduct of Scroggins after the
stakes were made good, much doubt prevailed through the fancy
respecting the battle, and a strong opinion was maintained “that no
fight would take place.” Even three to one was betted on this
particular point. This circumstance operated as a great drawback
upon the interest of the contest, and until the evening preceding the
battle very few sums were risked upon the event. Both the
combatants, however, had publicly declared it should not be their
fault if any disappointment occurred, as they were very anxious to
come to a decision upon the subject. Notwithstanding this mystery,
Scroggins had not lost his interest with the sporting world, and early
on the morning appointed for the battle the roads leading to the
scene of action gave proof of it. The ring was made at an early hour,
at Shepperton; and, whether owing to accident or intention, upon the
arrival of numerous spectators at the above spot, it was given out
“the fight will take place at Moulsey.” Thither the motley cavalcade
repaired, and the confusion that now occurred beggars description.
The flight from Shepperton through Walton was like the retreat of an
army. Those, too, who were galloping from Hampton to Shepperton
turned suddenly round upon hearing the news; the road in
consequence was blocked, the scent for a time lost, and all doubt and
glorious confusion. A strong group was at length seen forming across
the water at Moulsey, and the boats were actively employed in
conveying over the anxious spectators to be in time. It was now
booked by many that no fight would take place; and, if it did, that
hundreds would not be able to see it. The hoax, however, was
dispelled, and “Shepperton” was again the signal. The keeper of the
Walton Bridge toll, anxious to come in for a slice of the profits, put
up a board at the end of a lane, “This is the road to the fight,” and
from this stratagem came in for a tolerable good share of copper; it
was, however, considerably out of the way. At length all was right,
the ring was formed, and the spectators took their stations. But
another dilemma arose—the principal actor had not arrived, and the
audience waited in the most anxious suspense. Turner had been in
the ring, and thrown up his hat without being answered. Two to one
was offered it was no fight. To prevent total disappointment, the
after piece was about to be performed first, and two youths appeared
stripped. But the cry of “Scroggins, Scroggins,” was now heard; the
lads instantly made their exit, and the little hero was greeted with
welcome. Upon being asked by a friend if he meant to fight, he
answered, “Yes, and win it.” The combatants soon prepared for
action, and seven to four was laid against Scroggins, although he
appeared in the best condition. Tom Owen and Painter were for
Turner, and Paddington Jones and Spring waited upon Scroggins.
The colours of the combatants were tied to the stakes of the ring, and
at two o’clock the men set-to. The articles stipulated to meet between
twelve and one, but Turner said he did not wish to avail himself of
this advantage.

THE FIGHT.
Round 1.—This first round was very similar to the
two last battles at Hayes and Sawbridgeworth, but with
an increase of caution on both sides. Scroggins, it
seemed, did not like the idea of going in to smash his
opponent at the onset, after his usual decided manner,
when victory crowned his efforts in seven successive
contests, but exhibited a total change in his tactics—a
complete new feature. This once tremendous rushing
boxer now adopted the system of getting away of
scientific pugilists. Turner, equally on the alert, and
wishing to do everything but receive, lengthened out
this round to five minutes and a half, during which
time they dodged each other to obtain the first
advantage. Turner at last hit short; Scroggins also
made a feint without effect. Turner was tired of his
position and put down his hands. They, however,
finished the round by both hitting together, closed,
went down, but Turner undermost. Only four blows
were exchanged.
2.—Turner planted two clean hits without
experiencing any return. A good rally followed, during
which the mug of Scroggins was clareted. In closing,
both down, but Turner again undermost.
3.—The little hero, anxious to punish his adversary,
rushed in and planted a severe hit under the jaws of
Turner and got away. In rallying, however, Scroggins
slipped down, and received a slight hit in falling.
4.—Nearly a minute elapsed before a hit was made.
Turner gave two sharp blows, and Scroggins put in a
desperate nobber just passing the ear of Turner. It was
a good round altogether. In closing, the strength of
Scroggins prevailed, and Turner was thrown.
5.—The great advantage Turner derived from his
height and length over his adversary was evident to
every one. Turner, with much sang froid, planted two
nobbers and got away. Some sharp blows were
exchanged, when the men separated. In finishing the
round a smart rally occurred, and, in going down,
Scroggins was undermost. (Five to two on Turner; but
little betting occurred.)
6.—Scroggins appeared earnestly to wish for in-
fighting, but the difficulty and danger of the attempt
operated as a drawback. He, however, made two
punishing hits. In closing, Turner caught hold of his
nob and coloured it with the quickness of a painter
with his brush. In struggling for the throw Turner was
undermost, but he gave his opponent rather an ugly
hoist.
7.—In this round Scroggy appeared to advantage. He
fought after his usual method, regardless of the
consequences. He stopped Turner as he was coming in
with a tremendous hit in his face, that made his head
bob again. Scroggins also planted two more severe
blows that seemed rather to confuse the tactics of
Turner. The latter returned heavily, and made an up-
hit at his opponent’s throat, but missed it. In closing,
both down, but Turner undermost.
8.—The little hero, full of gaiety, rushed in, planted
two successful hits, and bored Turner down.
9.—After an exchange Turner went down from a
blow on the side of the head.
10.—The length of Turner again prevailed. Scroggins
was desperate in action, but not effective in execution;
while, on the contrary, Turner planted three hits in
succession on the face of his opponent, and the claret
followed at every touch. In closing, Turner was
undermost.
11.—This round was contested in a most manly style.
Scroggins, with uncommon severity, hit Turner away
from him in three successive attempts, when
considerable sparring occurred. Turner then took the
lead, and the execution he performed on the head of
Scroggins was tremendous. He also finished the round
in high style; Scroggins was undermost.
12.—Turner was much applauded in this round for
his manly conduct. In a short close he let Scroggins
down without a blow, throwing up his hands and
walking away.
13.—This was a grand round, and Scroggins never
displayed anything like such a knowledge of the
pugilistic art in any of his previous contests. He
stopped with considerable skill, and reciprocal fighting
occurred. Scroggins got rather impetuous, and threw
his blows away; and Turner was also incorrect in some
of his distances. The latter again hit up at his head, but
without effect. Scroggins went down.
14.—Considerable execution was done. Scroggins
planted two good hits upon his opponent’s nob, but
Turner returned upon him so hard and fast that
Scroggins turned round rather confusedly. He,
however, rallied with great spirit till he slipped down.
15.—Well contested and both down, but Scroggins
undermost.
16.—Turner commenced by planting a successful
blow on the head of Scroggins; but the latter returned