Community Medicine Department

WRAP UP 1

General
Epidemiology
1
UNIT (1) GENERAL
PRINCIPLES OF
EPIDEMIOLOGY

2
 1)Define epidemiology as a concept
and mention 3 uses of epidemiology
from health aspect.

2) What is the difference between

epidemic and endemic?
SHORT ESSAY
QUESTIONS: 3) “Epidemiological Triad”. Explain.

4) Mention different types of

prevention with one example on each.

3
 1) Mention tools used in epidemiology , and explain one
of them in terms of def., use.
2) Define screening test, Mention its uses and criteria of
both test and disease in order to apply screening.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL 3) what is meant by validity?

TOOLS FOR 4)Define sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV.
COMMUNITY
HEALTH 5)what is the difference between screening and
PROBLEMS diagnostic test?
ASSESSMENT
6) A pregnant lady came to the PHC for check up ,
mention 2 screening test important to do for her.
7) A senior citizen came to your clinic for routine
influenzas' vaccine , mention 2 screening test you like to
add to the service for check up.

4
8) Mention steps of outbreak investigation. What is the most
important and first step to do?
9) How to prove the formulated hypothesis of a certain
outbreak?
10) what is NORS stands for?

11) Mention types of epidemic curves giving examples.

12) what are the uses of epidemic curve?

13) what is meant by outliers?

5
14 ) Define Surveillance.

15) Draw a figure to explain the surveillance cycle.

16) What is the difference between Suspect, Probable and

Confirmed cases?
17) Mention types of Surveillance?

18) Egypt uses a special approach for non communicable disease

surveillance . Mention.
19) communicable diseases under surveillance in Egypt are divided
into several groups. Mention them and give 2 examples on each.
6
Unit (2) Demography and
Health Measures

7
1) Public health focuses on the health of "the population". To achieve this, we have to study its
dynamics. Mention different Data collection sources used in demography.

2) what is the difference between De facto and De jure census?

3) Compare between this 2 population pyramids?

8
4) Define Dependency ratio.

5) Estimation of population size in between

census years is done
through……….explain
6) Compare between stage 2 and stage 4
in demographic transition.

7) Overpopulation is a major problem in

Egypt. Mention hazards of overpopulation
on environment, health and economy.

9
 8) If there are 5,000 students who live in the dorms at student' hostel at MTI university, and during winter
term 2018, 400 of them had the flu at some point.

the prevalence of flu was…………………………………..

a. this is an example of
a) Point prevalence
b) Period prevalence
c) Life time prevalence

9) On March 30, 2012, population number of a small city in South Africa was 183,000 , number of new active
cases of TB occurring between January 1 and June 30, 2012 was 26 , and number of active TB cases according
to the city register on June 30, 2012 was 264.

a. The incidence rate of active cases of TB for the 6-month period was:

b. The prevalence rate of active TB as of June 30, 2012, was:

10) In an epidemic of hepatitis A traced to green onions from a restaurant, 555 cases were identified. Three of
the case-patients died as a result of their infections. Calculate the case-fatality rate.

10
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. The biological triad include all the following variables Except:

a) Residence
b) Age
c) Sex
d) Race
e) Ethnic group

2) The specificity of the screening test is affected by:

a) Number of true positive
b) Number of true negative
c) Number of false positive
d) a+ c
e) b+ c

11
3) A rate that reflect the risk of death from specific disease in certain population per year is:
a) Crude death rate
b) Case fatality rate
c) Cause specific death rate
d) Proportionate mortality rate
e) Incidence rate

4) Secondary prevention includes the following(s):

a) Immunization and behavior modification
b) Health education and sanitation
c) Early detection and screening of diseases
d) Health promotion
e) All of the above

12
5) Sentinel surveillance is:
a) Routine data collection
b) Reviewing medical records
c) Selected sites report data
d) Selected representative sample
e) Active visits to homes
6) Detection of Epidemics is one of the uses of:
a) Screening Tests
b) Mortality rate
c) Surveillance
d) Medical records
e) None of the above

13
6) If the specificity of a screening test equals 70%, this means that:
a) 30% are false positive
b) 30% are false negative
c) 30 % are true negative
d) 70% are true positive
e) 70% are false negative

7) Which of the following is an indicator for the magnitude and burden of a disease?
a) Prevalence rate
b) Case fatality rate
c) Crude death rate
d) Cause specific mortality rate
e) Attack rate

14
8) The process which includes the ongoing systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of
health data is
a) Outbreak investigation
b) Surveillance
c) Cohort study
d) Data management
e) In-depth interviews

9) The total number of births given by a woman through her reproductive age is:
a) Crude birth rate
b) Gross reproduction rate
c) Total fertility rate
d) Net reproduction rate
e) Cause-specific rate
10) You have a total number of live birth in certain area and total number of deaths in first 28 day;
you can calculate which of the following
a) Infant mortality rate
b) Crude birth rate
c) Neonatal mortality rate
d) Post neonatal mortality rate
e) Crude death rate

15
11) Concerning population pyramid the following is true Except:
a) Is a graphical illustration of the age and sex distribution of the population
b) Age is shown in 5 years age groups
c) All countries pyramids have a broad base and small apex
d) Conventionally males are shown on the left and females on the right
e) span of pyramid becomes shorter when the mortality increases
12) The economic dependents can be calculated from a population pyramid by:
a) Observing the population at the apex
b) Observing the population at the base
c) Summation of the population at the base and the upper half
d) Summation of the population at the base and the lower half
e) Summation of the population both at apex and the base

13) Unlike clinical medicine, community medicine is characterized by:

a) It deals only with the epidemic form of the disease
b) Its role is applied throughout the whole health spectrum of individuals
c) It is dealing with individuals rather than population
d) It is a concern in the well developed countries
e) All of the above

16
14) Which of the following is a secondary prevention?
a) Rifampicin given for close contact of cases of meningococcal meningitis
b) Assessment of hearing impairment in elderly
c) Milk sanitation and eradication of tuberculosis in cattle
d) Super-chlorination of water supply during epidemic of typhoid fever
e) All of the above
15) Census is conducted every
a) 2 years
b) 5 years
c) 10 years
d) 15 years
e) 20 years

16) Screening tests for infancy period includes all the following Except:
a) Fecal occult blood
b) Phenyl ketonuria (PKU)
c) Thyroid Hormones
d) Hearing and Visual defects
e) Heart auscultation for detection of congential heart diseases

17
THANK YOU

18