HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (B)
F ⊥ dr
∴ W. D. = 0
Force and displacement are perpendicular to each other.

2. (A)
V0 = at0
v
a= 0
t0
v0
∴ v= ⋅t
t0
w = ∆k = kf – ki
1 v02 2
⇒ m ⋅t
2 t02

3. (B)
Maximum velocity will be at Mean Position
Where Fnet = 0
mg = Kx
1 1
1 × 10 = 2 × 100 × x ⇒ x = m ⇒ x = × 100cm = 5cm from surface of the table.
20 20
∴ h = 20 –5 = 15 cm

4. (D)
1
K (0.3) 2 = 10
2
20 2000
⇒ K= =
0.09 9
1 2000
Work done = ⋅ [(0.45) 2 – (0.3) 2 ]
2 9
= 12.5 J
5. (B)

Wall = ∆K
1
WF + Wg = mVB2 − 0
2
WF = F . ∆s = 200 N × 10 m = 2000 J

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 Work done by gravity = -MgR (1 – cos 60°)
−gRM −10 × 10 × 10
Wg = = = −500 J
2 2

1
WF + Wg = mVB2
2
1
2000 − 500 = × 10VB2
2
2
VB = 300
VB = 300 = 10 3 = 17.32 m / sec

6. (C)
v = at
= 10 3 m/s
In ground frame
W.D. by gravity + W.D. by normal = ∆k
1
0 + W .D.N = × 1 × (10 3) 2 = 150J
2
So, WN = 150 J

7. (A)
U i = 0, K i = 0
By mechanical energy conservation
U i + Ki = U f + K f
⇒ 0+0 = 4−6+ Kf
K f = 2J
8. (C)
1
Work done by force F = 100 × 11 × = 550 J
2
Work done by the gravity = mgymax
mgymax = 550 (at ymax ∆K = 0)
550
⇒ ymax = = 11m
5 × 10
ymax = 11 m

9. (C)

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 kx cos θ = mg sin θ
x = mg tan θ / k
1 m 2 g 2 tan 2 θ
P.E. = kx 2 =
2 2k
10. (C)
When the ball is released, we know that after an angular displacement θ = cos–1(2/3) ball leaves contact with the inner
wall of the tube and get in contact with the outer wall of the tube hence option (C) is correct.

11. (C)
Using work energy theorem from starting point from where the ball is released to the point where the spring will
have maximum elongation we can calculate the mass of the ball. It can be written as
0 + mgh – (1/2) kh2 = 0 …(1)
and to lift the block
kh = Mg …(2)
M
Solving (1) and (2), we get m =
2

12. (A)
1 1 1
KA2 = mv 2 + 2mv 2
2 2 2
1
⇒ mv 2 = KA2
3
1
Work done by friction on Q = 2mv 2
2
1
= KA2
3
13. (A)
π/ 2
 
Wagent = WF0 = ∫ F0 ⋅ dr
0

πF0l
WF0 =
2
By conservation of mechanical energy
πF0l 1 2
= mv1 + mgl
2 2
l
v1 = (π F0 − 2 mg)
m
14. (C)
The kinetic energy of wind per unit time is (1/2) (ρAv) v2 where ρ is the density of wind, A is the area of cross section
of the blades and v is wind speed. The electrical power output is proportional to this value so option(C) is correct.

15. (A)
We use

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  →
F = −∇ U = − cos( x + y )iˆ − cos( x + y ) ˆj
 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
F  π = − i− j
 0,
 4
 2 2

F  π =1
 0, 
 4

16. (C)
From work energy theorem
1
Wmg + WF = m(v 2f − v 2 )
2
1
−2 Fh = m(v 2f − v 2 )
2
v2
Where, h =
 F
2 g + 
 m 
mg − F
vf = v
mg + F

17. (A)
Tensions in the rod will be providing the centripetal force on the outer sections of the rod at any point tension in the
rod is given by T= mω2r where at a distance x from pivoted end of rod we use m = M (l – x) / l and r = (l + x) / 2 so
substituting values we get T = M (l2 – x2) / 2l which implies that at inner point tension is more than the outer point.
18. (D)
v2
The radius of curvature ρ = . At projection point aN = g cos θ and v = u and at top most point aN = g and
aN
v = ucos θ.

19. (A)
Apply conservation of energy between 1 and 2.
U1 = U2 + K2
1
4 MgR = 2 MgR + Mv 2
2
4MgR = Mv2
v2 = 4gR
Mv 2
N= − Mg
R
M
N= (4 Rg ) − Mg = 3 Mg
R

20. (A)
13l0
12
5l0
12

Elongation in spring,
13l l
x = 0 − l0 = 0
12 12
Work done by lifting force,
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 2
 5l  1  l 
w = mg  0  + k  0 
 12  2  12 
5mgl0 kl02
w= +
12 288
21. (C)
Least force required,
µmg
F=
µ2 + 1
1 25kgf
F= ×
3  1 
2

  +1
 3
F = 12.5 kgf

22. (B)
Let increase in length of spring is x

At equilibrium
kx = mω2x + mω2l
kx – mω2x = mω2l
mω2l
x=
k − mω2

23. (D)
The car is in a state of free fall, so tension in the string is zero.

24. (C)
From, x = 2m to x = 3.5m,
y = mx + c
U1 = – 4x + 14
dU1
F1 = − = +4 N
dx
W1 = + 4 × (3.5 –2)
=+6J
x = 3.5 m to x = 4.5 m
U2 = + 2x – 7
dU 2
F2 = − = −2 N
dx
W2 = –2 × (4.5 –3.5)
W2 = –2J
Work done from 4.5 m to 5m = 0
1 2
mv = W1 + W2
2
1
× 2 × v2 = 6 − 2 = 4
2
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 ⇒ v = 2m/s

25. (C)
mgh 2 × 10 × 10
Pout = ⋅= = 200 W
t 1
Pout
η =
Pin
40 200
=
100 Pin
Pin = 500 W
As, 1Hp = 746 W
500
⇒ 500 W = Hp = 0.67 Hp
746

26. (A)
For block describing circle on the table.
T = mω12l1 …(1)
For block describing conical pendulum,
T cos θ = mg
T sin θ = mω22 (l2sin θ)

⇒ T = mω22l2 ..(2)
From (1) and (2)
ω12l1 = ω22l2

l1 ω22
=
l2 ω12

27. (A)
As, T0 = Mω2l
⇒ T0 = M4π2f2l
1 T0
⇒ f =
2π Ml
1/ 2
1  T0 
⇒ f =
2π  Ml 

28. (D)

𝑓𝑓𝑘𝑘 = μ𝑘𝑘 𝑁𝑁 = 0.1 × 40 = 4 N

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 Net force acting on block,

𝐹𝐹 = 10 − 4 = 6 N

Acceleration of block,
𝐹𝐹 6 3
𝑎𝑎 = = = m/s 2
𝑚𝑚 4 2

Distance covered by block in √20 seconds,

1
𝑆𝑆 = 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 2
2

1 3
𝑆𝑆 = × × (√20)2
2 2

𝑆𝑆 = 15 m

work done by applied force,

𝑤𝑤𝑎𝑎 = 𝐹𝐹𝑎𝑎 × 𝑠𝑠

= 10 × 15

= 150 J

work done by frictional force,

𝑤𝑤𝑓𝑓 = −𝑓𝑓 × 𝑠𝑠

= −4 × 15

= −60 J

work done by net force,

𝑤𝑤net = 𝐹𝐹 × 𝑠𝑠

= 6 × 15

= 90 J

29. (A)
Speed will be maximum when,
F = kx
F
x=
k
From conservation of energy
1 1
0 − kx 2 + Fx = mv 2
2 2
1 1
− kx 2 + kx 2 = mv 2
2 2
2
kx 1
= mv 2
2 2
k
v= ⋅x
m

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 k F F
v= ⋅ =
m k mk

30. (B)
For motion of car we use
F – 1000 N = 500 × 1
F = 1500 N
Power, P = F ⋅ V
= 1500 × 5
= 7500 W
= 7.5 kW

31. (A)
By work energy theorem, we use
WF = mgL (1 – cos θ)

32. (B)
When chain has left the vertex,

P
sin 45° =
10 2
P = 10 m
P.E is decreased by the same factor by which K.E is increased,

Uf = – (10 × 10 × 10)
Uf = – 1000 J
Ui = – (10 × 10 × 5)
Ui = – 500 J
∆k + ∆U = 0
1
× 10 × v 2 − 500 = 0
2
v2 = 100
v = 10 m/s

33. (A)
Maximum speed is at equilibrium, when block is descended by x

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 2kx = mg
mg
x=
2k

34. (B)
Let x be the extension in spring when 2kg block leaves the contact with surface
T = 20N
kx = 20
1
x= m
2
Using work energy theorem, we have
1 1
mgx − kx 2 = mv 2
2 2

kx 2 1 40 × 1
v = 2 gx − = 2 × 10 × −
m 2 4(5)

v = 2 2 m/s

35. (C)
Total mass of the system
5 Lλ Lλ 3
+ = Lλ
4 4 2
The external agent must ensure that more than half the mass of the system gets to the right of the pulley. After that
he can leave the system. Ball will accelerate to the pulley.
Take PE to be zero at the horizontal level of the centre of the pulley.
Minimum work needed = Increase in gravitational PE of the system between two positions shown in fig. below.

  3L 
 2
λ L  L   λ 3 L 
 
 4  λ  L× L    L λL L λ  λL g
Wmin = −   g −  g −   g − −λ L g − g − Lg × L =
 2 4  8  4  2    2 4 8 4 
 4
 
36. (A)

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 When ball A is at its lowest position, let the stretch in the spring be x. At this instant tension acting on B is kx.
∴ N = Mg – T
Mg
For N to be equal to
2
Mg
T=
2
Mg
∴ The spring must stretch by x such that kx = (when A comes to rest)
2
Energy Conservation:
Loss in PE of A = gain in spring PE
1
mgx = kx 2
2
2mg
⇒x=
k
kx = 2mg
Mg
⇒ = 2mg
2
M
∴m =
4

37. (A)

BC = η
and AB = (1 − η)
m0
Mass of BC, M = η ⋅ = ηm0

m
Mass of AB, m = (1 − η) 0 = (1 − η) m 0

Since chain is on verge of sliding, friction is at its limiting value
f =µN =µ mg cos θ
µ (1 –η) m0 g cos θ
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 Chain will just start sliding if
Net driving force = Net resisting force
⇒ Mg = mg sin θ + f
⇒ ηm0 g = (1 − η) m 0 g sin θ + µ(1 − η) m 0 g cos θ
η − (1 − η)sin θ
⇒ =µ
(1 − η) cos θ
Now as the chain moves, friction force changes due to change in N.
We consider a situation when BC = x
And AB = l – x
m
Mass of AB = (l − x) 0
l
∴ f = µN
(l − x) m 0 g
=µ cos θ
l
If the chain moves by a distance dx
dWf = –fdx [displacement (dx) and friction (f) are oppositely directed]
µ(l − x) m 0 g cos θ
=− dx
l
µm0 g cos θ l
∴ Wf = −
l ∫ (l − x)dx
ηl

[∵ x = length of BC changes from ηl to l]

l
−µm0 g cos θ  x2 
∴ Wf =  lx − 
l  2  ηl

µm0 g cos θ l 2
= − (1 − η) 2
l 2
η − (1 − η)sin θ
= − m0 gcos θ ⋅ l (1 − η) 2
2(1 − η) cos θ
[η − (1 − η)sin θ]l (1 − η)
= − m0 g
2
l (1 − η)[η − (1 − η)sin θ]
= − m0 g
2

38. (B)
Observe the system from a reference frame moving to right with velocity u. In this frame the free end of the spring
remains as rest (as if tied to a wall) and the initial velocity of the block is u to left. Hence, maximum extension (or
compression) is given by
1 2 1 M
kx0 = Mu 2 ⇒ x0 = u
2 2 k

39. (A)
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 N = Mg – F sin θ
∴ f = µN = µ (Mg – F sin θ)
WE Theorem:
1
WF + W f = mv 2
2
1 2
∴ mv = ( F cos θ) ⋅ d − µ( Mg − F sin θ) ⋅ d
2
= Fd (µ sin θ + cos θ) − µMgd
Maximum value of (µ sin θ + cos θ) is µ2 + 1
When tan θ = µ
∴ (KE) max = µ 2 + 1Fd − µMgd
Mg
= µ2 + 1 d − µMgd
2
 µ2 + 1 
Mgd  − µ
 2 

40. (A)

Let the stone reach a height h

Forces on stone are
Gravity W and Air resistance R
Both act opposite to displacement during the upward motion.
∴ Work done on stone
W O = Wg + WR
= –Wh – Rh [both W and R are constant force]
= – (W + R) h
Change in kinetic energy of stone in moving from ground to top of its path is
∆k = kf – ki
1 1
= 0 − mu 2 = − mu 2
2 2
From work energy theorem
Wo = ∆k
1
⇒ – (W + R) h = − mu 2
2
2
1 mu Wu 2  W
⇒ h= = ∵m = 
2 (W + R) 2 g (W + R)  g
41. (D)
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 Let θ1 is the angle of F with positive x-axis.
Fy 15 3
∴ tan θ1 = = = = m1
Fx 20 4

α
Slope of given line, m2 = −
3
W = 0, if F ⊥ S
or m1 m2 = –1
 3  α 
∴   −  = −1
 4  3 
∴ α=4

42. (D)
F = resistance is same
1 2
mv = n( F ⋅ d )
2
⇒ n ∝ v2
If v is doubled, n will become four times.

43. (A)
1
WAll = mv 2
2
1
∴ WF + Wmg + WN = mv 2
2
1  1 1
∴ (5 × 5) +  × 10 × 5  + 0 = × × v 2
2  2 2
∴ v = 14.14 m/s

44. (A)
P = Fv = constant
 dv  P
∴ mv   =
 ds  v
s 2v
m 2
∴ ∫ ds =
0
P ∫v
v dv

7 mv 3
Solving we get, s =
3P

45. (C)

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  m   2m 
dm =   dθ =   dθ
 π / 2   π 
h = R (1 – cos θ)

2mgR
dU i = (dm) gh = (1 − cos θ) d θ
π
π/ 2
2mgR  π 
∴ Ui = ∫ dU
0
i =  − 1
π 2 
 2
= mgR 1 − 
 π
Now, Ui + Ki = Uf + Kf
 2 1
∴ mgR 1 −  = 0 + mv 2
 π 2
 2
or v = 2 gR 1 − 
 π

46. (A)
Ti = mg ...(i)
2kx = 2mg
∴ kx = mg
One kx force (acting in upward direction) is suddenly removed. So, net downward force on system will be kx or mg.
Therefore, net downward acceleration of system,
mg g
a= =
2m 2
Free body diagram of lower block gives the equation,
mg
mg − T f = ma =
2
mg
∴ Tf = …(ii)
2
From these two equations, we get
mg
∆T =
2

47. (C)
Ei – Ef = Work done against friction
2
1 2 1  x  x
∴ kx − k   = µmg  x + 
2 2 2  2
4µmg
∴ x=
k

14 | P a g e
48. (C)
  ∂φ ∂φ ˆ 
F = −  iˆ + j
 ∂x ∂y 
= (−3iˆ− 4 ˆj )

Since, particle was initially at rest. So, it will move in the direction of force.
We can see that initial velocity is in the direction of PO. So the particle will cross the X-axis at origin.
Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf
∴ 0 + (3 × 6 +4 × 8) = Kf + (3 × 0 + 4 × 0)
or Kf = 50 J

49. (A)
Fnet = mg sin θ − µmg cos θ
= mg sin θ − µ 0 xmg cos θ
Fnet
a= = g sin θ − µ 0 xg cos θ
m
dv
∴ v ⋅ = g sin θ − µ 0 xg cos θ
dx
0 xm
or ∫
0
vdv = ∫
0
( g sin θ − µ0 xg cos θ )dx
Solving this equation we get,
2
xm = tan θ
µ0

50. (A)
Total energy = E = K.E + P.E.
When speed of the particle is zero.
i.e., K.E = 0
⇒ U(x) = E

51. (A, B)
(A) The spring initially compressed and finally in its N.L.
(B) Initially stretched and then in its N.L.

52. (A, B, C)
W.D. by force of friction
can be zero, positive & Negative

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53. (A)
Angle of Inclination

54. (D)
Only Conservative force (mg) is acting.
So E.C. is done only between two points (1 and 2)

55. (B, C, D)

mg
M.P. x1 =
k
But block further move downward due to inertia. So descending through distance
2mg
x=
k

x
at M.P. at ⇒ Fnet = 0; so a = 0
2
at lower most point
 2mg 
k  − mg = ma
 k 
a=g

56. (A, B, C)
Given U = 3x + 4y
Initially particle at rest at (6, 4)
So K.E = 0
Etotal = P.E = 3 × 6 + 4 × 4 = 34 J
 ∂U ˆ ∂U ˆ
F =− i− j = −3iˆ − 4 ˆj
∂x ∂y

16 | P a g e
 a = −3iˆ − 4 ˆj
| a |= 5 m/s 2
Let us assume particle crosses y axis after time t
1
x − 6 = − × 3× t2
2
at y axis
x=0
⇒ t = 2 sec
1
So y − 4 = − × 4 × (2) 2 = −8
2
y = −4
(P.E.) at y = –4 and x = 0
is U(y = –4, x = 0) = –16 J
So, K.E. = T.E. –U
1
MV 2 = 34 − (−16) = 50
2
V 2 = 100 ⇒ V = 10 m/s

57. (A, C)
(A) Decrease in potential energy of B = increase in spring potential energy
1
∴ 2mgxm = kxm2
2
4mg
∴ xm =
k
(B) Ei = Ef
2
1 1  2mg   2mg 
0 = ( m + 2 m )v 2 + × k ×   −(2mg )  k 
2 2  k   
m
∴ v = 2g
3k
kxm − 2mg
(C) a = (upwards)
3m
 4mg 
k  − 2mg 2 g
k 
=  =
3m 3
(D) T − 2mg = ma …(i)
2mg − T = 2ma …(ii)
Solving these two equations, we get
a = 0 and T = 2 mg

17 | P a g e
58. (B, D)
At equilibrium

kδ0= mg
mg
or δ0 =
k
where, δ0 = compression
3mg
(B) δTotal = δ + δ0 =
k
 3mg 
Fmax = k δmax = k   = 3mg (downward)
 k 

∴ N max = 3mg + Fmax = 6mg

4mg 4mg 3mg
(D) If δ > , then upper block will move a distance x > − δ0 or x > from natural length.
k k k
Hence in this case, extension
3mg
x>
k
or F = kx > 3mg (upwards)
So lower block will bounce up.

59. (C, D)
1 2
Fx0 = kx0
2
2F
x0 =
k
work done by applied force,
w = Fx0

18 | P a g e
60. (A, D)
Power developed by a force acting on a body is P = mav. If a = constant we can use v = at so we get P = ma2t and
we can use displacement of body as x = (1 / 2) at2.

61. (B, C)
Work done by spring on block,

1 2 1 1
ws = ka − ⋅ kb 2 = k ( a 2 − b 2 )
2 2 2
By work energy theorem,
K i + w = K f
1 2 1
0+ ka − µmg (a + b) − kb 2 = 0
2 2
1
µmg (a + b) = k ( a 2 − b 2 )
2
k ( a − b)
µ=
2mg

62. (A, B, D)
Tension in a string on which a force is directly applied is equal to the applied force. Here weight of block is = 20N
and for displacement of block by x the kinetic energy gain is = 40x – 20x = 40J which gives x = 2m. If we calculate
the power developed by this force on block then it is P = F.v where v = at as motion is uniformly accelerated and
displacement of block is proportional to t2. Thus here power developed will be varying linearly with t and
parabolically with displacement.

63. (A, D)
U = 15 + (x – 3)2
U (5) = 19 & KE (5) = 50
Total mechanical energy = 50 + 19 = 69 J
Umin ≡ U (x = 3) = 15 J
KEmax = 69 – Umin = 69 – 15 = 54 J

64. (A, C)
Force on the particle will be given as
 →
F = −∇ U
−∂U ˆ ∂U ˆ
= i− j = −(6 xy 2 + 6)iˆ − (6 x 2 y ) ˆj
∂x ∂y
Now, for acceleration at (t = 0) and x = 1, y = 1

 F
a= = −12iˆ − 6 ˆj
M

| a |= 6 5 m/s 2
Particle is at rest at x = 1, y = 1, then

19 | P a g e
 P.E. + K.E. = M.E.
U (1,1) + K.E.(1,1) = M.E.
⇒ M.E. = 9 J
∆U + ∆K = ∆W
∆W = ∆U = U(0,0) − U (1,1)
∆W = −9 J

65. (A, B, C, D)
(A) Work done by gravity in motion 1 is zero (θ = 90°) and in motion 2 is negative (θ = 180°).
(B) In both cases angle between N and S is acute.
(C) and (D) : Depending on the value of acceleration in motion 1, friction may act up the plane or down the plane.
Therefore angle between friction and displacement may be obtuse or acute. So, work done by friction may be negative
or positive.

66. (A, B)
  ∂U  ∂U  
F = − i+ j = (−7i − 24j)N
 ∂X ∂y 

 F  7  24  
a = = − i − j  m/s
m  5 5 
2 2
 7   24 
a =   +   = 5 m/s 2
5  5 
Since, a = constant, we can apply,
v = u + at
 7 24 
= (8.6i + 23.2j) +  − i − j  4
 5 5 
= (3iˆ+ 4 ˆj) m/ s

v = (3) 2 + (4) 2 = 5m/s

67. (C)

By conservation of energy,
πR 1
mgR = −2mg + (3m)v 2
2 2
3mv 2
= mgR(1 + π)
2
2(1 + π) gR
v=
3
20 | P a g e
68. (C)
Since speed of mass is zero at C and B, so they must lie on same horizontal surface.

AP AO − PO
cos θ = =
PB PB
L cos α − l
=
L−l

69. (D)

mv 2
T − mg sin θ =
r
1 2
⇒ mv = mgr sin θ
2
⇒ T = 3mg sin θ
maximum value of T = 3mg and given that string can with stand a maximum load of 4 mg.
∴ it will not break.

70. (B)
 →
W = ∫ F ⋅ ds = ∫ ( y ˆi + x ˆj) ⋅ (dx ˆi + dy ˆj)

= ∫ ( ydx + xdy ) = ∫ d ( xy )
(1,1)

W= ∫
(0,0)
d (xy) = (xy)1,1
0,0 = 1J

71. (A, B, C, D)
Tension in the string will be maximum when mass m is at point B, so
mv 2
T = mg +

By Law of Conservation of Energy,
1 2
mv = mgh = mg (1 − cos θ)
2
⇒ (
v 2 = 2 g  1 − cos ( 60° ) )
2mg   1 
⇒ T = mg + 1 − 
  2
⇒ T = 2 mg
For mass 4m to be stationary, f ≥ T

21 | P a g e
 ⇒ µ(4mg ) ≥ 2mg
⇒ µ ≥ 0.5
Hence, (A) is correct
When m moves from A to B it has vertical displacement downwards, i.e., along the direction of gravitational force.
So, (B) is correct.
Tension is always perpendicular to the velocity, so power delivered by the tension is zero.
So, (C) is correct.
According to Work Energy Theorem,
Wtotal = ∆K
Since work done by tension is zero therefore work is done only by the gravitational; force. So, (D) is also correct.

72. (A, B, C, D)
Using the concepts of Laws of Motion and Kinematics we can draw following diagrams and then using the definition
of work, we can find corresponding work done.

73. (B, D)
According to Work Energy Theorem, work done by all the forces is equal to change in kinetic energy, so
Wtotal = ∆K
⇒ Wext + Wnc = ∆U + ∆K

Since, Wnc = 0, because friction is absent

So, Wext = ∆U + ∆K
1 2
⇒ ( Ma ) xmax = kxmax
2
2Ma
⇒ xmax =
k
The block will execute SHM and its initial position will be the one of the extreme positions i.e., block returns to its
initial position after maximum elongation in the spring and compression in the spring is zero. So, (D) is also correct.

74. (B, D)

(
ˆ x + ˆjFy ⋅ (idx
W = ∫ F ⋅ dr = ∫ iF )
ˆ + ˆjdy )

W = ∫ (7iˆ − 6 ˆj ) ⋅ (idx
ˆ + ˆjdy )

−3 4
⇒ W = 7 ∫ dx − 6 ∫ d y = −21 − 24 = −45 J
0 0

Displacements along the direction of X and Y axes are opposite to the direction of force acting along the respective
directions, hence the particle must-have some velocity at (0, 0).

75. (B, C, D)
22 | P a g e
 Work done against friction on ice is zero and work done against friction on the road is (µ mg) . So, average work
done is
0 + (µ mg) 
= (µ mg)
2 2
Thus indicating that the effective length of the sledge that has to be dragged so that it just gets completely on the
 v2
road is . Distance covered by the sledge on the road before coming to rest is 0 . {∵ 02 − v 02 = 2(−µ g)s}
2 2µg
So total distance moved by the sledge is
 v02 
 + 
 2µg 2 
Distance covered by the sledge on the road is
  v2    v2 
−  −  0 +   =  0 − 
  2µg 2    2µg 2 

76. (A, D)
For x > 0, F = –ve
For x < 0, F = +ve
From x = 3 to x = 1, displacement is in negative direction.
From x = –1 to x = –3 also displacement is in negative direction.
Now work done is positive if force and displacement are parallel to each other and work done is negative if they are
antiparallel.

77. (A, C)
1
(dm)v 2
1 ( Adxρ)v 2 1
Power Loss = 2 = = ρAv 3
dt 2 dt 2
1
Further, Power = Fv = ρAv 3
2
1
⇒ F= ρAv 2
2
78. (B, D)
K.E ∝ t
1 2
⇒ mv = kt
2
2k 1/ 2
⇒ v= t ..(1)
m
dv 2k  1 
⇒ a= =
dt m  2 t 
Since F = ma
1
⇒ F∝
t
From (1)

23 | P a g e
 1 2k 1
=
t m v
2k 1 2k 1
⇒ a=
m 2 m v
2k  1  1 
⇒ a=   
m  2  v 
1
⇒ F∝
v

79. (A, C, D)


F1 is conservative because It Is always directed towards a fixed point P2. Therefore, W1 can be directly calculated as
W1 = F1 (P1P2 ) = (20)(6 2) = 120 2J
Similarly, W2 = F2 (O P2 ) = (30)(6) = 180J
6( π / 2) 3π
and W3 = ∫
0
F3 ds = ∫ 15ds
0
3π
W3 = 15s 0 = 45πJ
80. (A, B, C)
From 0 to t1, slope is increasing, so speed is increasing. Hence, work done is positive.
From t1 to t2, slope is decreasing, so speed is decreasing. Hence, work done is negative.
From t2 to t3, slope of s-t graph is zero, so speed is zero. Hence, work done is zero.
From t3 to t4, slope is constant, so speed is constant. Hence, work done is zero.

81. (A, C, D)
In simple harmonic motion, the body is accelerated at all points except at mean position.
At the starting point, spring force is zero. The only force is mg (downwards). Hence, acceleration is maximum, i.e.,
g (downwards). From mean position to initial position, retardation is due to forces, spring force and force of gravity.
When spring is detached only gravity is left i.e., retardation has reduced and so the block rises to a height greater
than from where it was released .

82. (B, C)
In region OA particle is accelerated, in region AB particle has uniform velocity while in region BC particle is
decelerating. Therefore, work done is positive in region OA, zero in region AB and negative in region BC.

83. (A, C)
   ∂U ˆ ∂U ˆ ∂U 
F = −∇U = −  iˆ +j +k 
 ∂x ∂y ∂z 

⇒ F = k ( yiˆ + xjˆ)
Work done by this force field is independent of the path followed between any two points and hence this force field
is conservative in nature.

24 | P a g e
84. (B, D)
At the highest point, if T' and v' be the respective tension and velocity, then
mv '2
mg + T ' =

Since T ' = 2mg
mv '2
⇒ = mg + 2mg

v ' = 3g 
By Law of Conservation of Energy
1 1
mv '2 + mg (2) = mv 2
2 2
Where v is the velocity at the lowest point
⇒ v = 7 g

85. (C, D)
Let m be the mass of the block, initial elongation of the spring will be
mg
xi = …(1)
k
On application of F work done by F and gravity is used to increase the elastic potential energy of spring. So,
1 1
( F + mg ) x0 = k ( xi + x0 ) 2 − kxi2 …(2)
2 2
From (1) and (2) we get,
2F
x0 =
k
Work done by applied force F is W = Fx0

86. (B, D)
Particle takes speed tangentially and act as a 'Projectile' (curved path)

87. (A, C)

3
Frictional force = × 200 = 60 N
10
Work done by ladder on boy is zero because while ladder applies force on boy, his point of application does not
move.
Work done by slide = Work done by friction = –60 × 10 = – 600 J

88. (A, D)
For mass m to complete the vertical circle, the string becomes slack at highest point.

25 | P a g e
89. (A)
We know, Tmax –Tmin = 6mg
and Tmax : Tmin = 2 : 1 (given)
Tmin = 6mg, Tmax = 12 mg
Since tension is max at lowest point

mv 2
12mg = mg +
L
⇒ v = 11gL

90. (A, B, C)
 
Since; W = ∫ F ⋅ dr
Clearly for forces (A) and (B) the integration do not require any information of the path taken.
3( xiˆ + yjˆ) x dx + y dy
For (C): Wc = ∫ 2 2 3/ 2
⋅ (dx iˆ + dy ˆj ) = 3∫ 2
(x + y ) ( x + y 2 )3/ 2
Taking: x2 + y2 = t
2x dx + 2y dy = dt
dt dt / 2 3 dt
⇒ xdx + ydy = ⇒ Wc = 3∫ = ∫ 3/ 2
2 t 3/ 2 2 t
Which is solvable.
Hence (A), (B) and (C) are conservative forces.
But (D) requires some more information on path. Hence non-conservative.

91. (A, B, C)
Maximum extension will be at the moment when both masses stop momentarily after going down. Applying W-E
theorem from starting to that instant.
kf – ki = Wgr. + Wsp. + Wten..
 1 
0 − 0 = 2 M .g .x +  − Kx 2  + 0
 2 
4Mg
x=
K
System will have maximum KE when net force on the system becomes zero. Therefore
2Mg
2Mg = T and T = kx ⇒ x=
K
2Mg
Hence KE will be maximum when 2M mass has gone down by
K
Applying W/E theorem
2 Mg 1 4 M 2 g 2
k f − 0 = 2 Mg − K
K 2 K2
2M 2 g 2
kf =
K2
2
1  4 Mg  8M 2 g 2
Maximum energy of spring K   =
2  K  K
Therefore Maximum spring energy = 4 × maximum K.E.
2Mg
When K.E. is maximum x =
K
26 | P a g e
 1 4M 2 g 2 2M 2 g 2
Spring energy = K =
2 K K
i.e. (D) is wrong.

92. (0.115)
From constraint relations, we can see that
vA = 2 vB
Therefore, vA = 2(0.3) = 0.6 m/s
as vB = 0.3 m/s (given)
Applying Wnc = ∆U + ∆K
we get
1 1
−µ mA gS A = −mB gS B + mA v A2 + mB vB2
2 2
Here, S A = 2 S B = 2m as SB = 1m (given)
1 1
∴ –µ (4.0) (10) (2) = –(1) (10) (1) + (4)(0.6) 2 + (1)(0.3) 2
2 2
or −80μ = −10 + 0.72 + 0.045
or 80μ = 9.235 or μ = 0.115
93. (4.24)
As the track AB is frictionless, the block moves this distance without loss in its initial
1 1
KE = mv 2 = × 0.5 × 32 = 2.25J
2 2
In the path BD as friction is present, so work done against friction
= µk mgd = 0.2 × 0.5 × 10 × 2.14 = 2.14 J

So, at D the KE of the block is = 2.25 – 2.14 = 0.11 J

Now, if the spring is compressed by x
1
0.11 = × k × x 2 + µ k mgx
2
1
i.e. 0.11 = × 2 × x 2 + 0.2 × 0.5 × 10 x
2
or x2 + x – 0.11 = 0
Which on solving gives positive value of x = 0.1 m
After moving the distance x = 0.1 m the block comes to rest.
Now the compressed spring exerts a force:
F = kx = 2 × 0.1 = 0.2 N
On the block while limiting frictional force between block and track is f L =μsmg = 0.22 × 0.5 × 10 = 1.1 N.
Since, F < fL. The block will not move back. So, the total distance moved by the block
= AB + BD + 0.1 = 2 + 2.14 + 0.1
= 4.24 m

27 | P a g e
94. (11.3)

The work done by F1 is

P2

W1 = ∫ F1 cos θds
P1

π 
From figure, s = R  − 2θ 
 2 
or ds = (6 m)d (–2θ) = – 12 dθ
and F1 = 20.
π π
At P1, 2θ = ⇒θ=
2 4
At P2, 2θ = 0 ⇒ θ = 0
0
Hence, W1 = −240 ∫ cos θd θ
π/ 4

π
= 240sin = 120 2 J
4
The work done by F3 is
6( π / 2)
 π 6π 
W3 = ∫ F3 ds = ∫ (15 − 10 s ) ds  P1 P2 = R = 
0  2 2 
= [15s − 5s ] = −302.8J
2 3π
0

To calculate the work done by F2 and by w, it is convenient to take the projection of the path in the direction of the
force. Thus,
W2 = F2 ( OP2 ) = 30(6) = 180 J
The total work done is W4 = (− w)( PO
1 ) = ( −4)(6) = −24 J

Then, by the work-energy principle.

K P2 − K P1 = 23J

1 4  2 1 4  2
=   v2 −   (4) = 23
2  9.8  2  9.8 
v2 = 11.3 m/s

95. (0.124)
1
Initial kinetic energy = × 2 × 102 = 100J
2
Final KE = 50 J

28 | P a g e
 1 2
∴ mv = 50J
2
100
∴ v= = 5 2 m/s
2
When the spring is being compressed, the equation of motion of spring mass system can be written as
k
x = A sin ωt where ω =
m
dx
∴ = Aω cos ωt
dt
⇒ v = v0 cos ωt
⇒ 5 2 = 10cos ωt
π
⇒ ωt =
4
π π m
⇒ t= =
4ω 4 k
π 2
= = 0.124 sec
4 80

96. (2.36)
We assume the zero potential energy level at the horizontal plane. Assuming the chain to have a mass m and a length
m
l. If λ is the mass per unit length of the chain then λ = . The initial and final configuration of the chain are shown
l
in the figure.
m   l  ml 2
Initially, Ki = 0 and U i = 0 +  l0  g  − 0  = − 0 g
 l   2 2l
Note that the part of chain lying over the table has zero potential energy.

If v be the final velocity of the chain at the moment it completely slides off the plane, then final kinetic energy is
1 l
K f = mv 2 and U f = − mg  
2 2
Using the Law of Conservation of Energy, we get
K f + U f = Ki + U i .
1 2 l ml 2 g
⇒ mv − mg   = 0 − 0
2 2 2l
g 2 2
⇒ v=
l
( l − l0 )
Substituting l = 0.8 m, l0 = 0.5 m and g = 10 ms–2, we get
v = 5ms –1 = 2.36 ms −1

97. (1.54)
Let the block breaks off the surface when it travels a distance x as shown in figure i.e., A starts loosing contact with
the surface below it at point A' after travelling a distance x as shown.

29 | P a g e
 In this process the block B will shift from B to B' such that BB' =AA' = x (as string is inextensible) and so there is a
loss of gravitational potential energy of block B equal to mgx. This energy is partly stored as elastic potential energy
in the spring which is stretched by ∆L and partly appears as kinetic energy of blocks A and B. So, by Conservation
of Mechanical Energy, we have
1 2 1 2 1
mgx = mv + mv + k (∆ L) 2
2 2 2
k
⇒ v 2 = gx − ( ∆ L) 2 …(1)
2m
Now, for vertical equilibrium of block A at A',
N + F cos θ = mg ...(2)
But for spring F = k∆L and for breaking off, we have N = 0. So the above equation reduces to
k∆L cos θ = mg …(3)
L  1 
where, ∆L = − L = L − 1 …(4)
cos θ  cos θ 
So, substituting the value of ∆L from Equations (3) in (4) and solving for cosθ, we get
mg 0.32 × 10 4
cos θ = 1 − =1− =
kL 40 × 0.40 5
 L  0.4 × 5
⇒ ∆L =  − L = − 0.4 = 0.1 m and
 cos θ  4
3
x = L tan θ = (0.4)   = 0.3 m
4
Substituting these value of ∆L and x in Equation (1), we get
40 × (0.1) 2
v = 10 × 0.3 − = 3 − 0.625 = 2.375
2 × 0.32
⇒ v = 1.54 ms −1

98. (2.4)
At some instant of time let m1 be displaced downwards by x1 and m2 be displaced downwards by x2 with x2 > x1.
Elongation of spring at this instant is then given by
x = x2 – x 1
Writing equation of motion for m1, m2 and m3, we have,
For m1, we have
m1 g sin θ + kx − F = m1a1
m1 g sin θ + kx − F
⇒ a1 = …(1)
m1
For m2, we have
T + m2 g sin θ − kx = m2 a2 …(2)
For m3, we have

30 | P a g e
 m3g – T = m3a2 …(3)
Adding (2) and (3), we get
m g sin θ − kx + m3 g
a2 = 2
m2 + m3
Acceleration of m2 relative to m1 is given by
a = a2 – a1
m g sin θ − kx + m3 g m1 g sin θ + kx − F
⇒ a= 2 −
( m2 + m3 ) m1
Substituting the given values, we get
a = 8.5 − 700 x
dv
⇒v = 8.5 − 700 x
dx
0 xmax
⇒ ∫ 0
vdv = ∫
0
(8.5 − 700 x)dx

⇒ xmax = 0.024 m
⇒ xmax = 2.4cm
99. (3.46)
1 2 2
mv = 6 ⇒ v = 12 ⇒ v = 2 3 m/s
2
Note that energy to be given is 6 J and NOT 10 J. Why?

100. (2.5)
Elongation in the spring is x = xA– xB
Where xA = displacement of end A measured from original natural length position
xB =displacement of block measured from original position.
dx dx A dxB
= − = VA − VB = 6 − 3 = 3m/s
dt dt dt
1
Potential energy in the spring U = kx 2
2
dU dx
= kx ⋅
dt dt
⇒ 15 = (kx) (3) ⇒ kx = 5 N
5
∴ Acceleration of the block a = = 2.5 m/s 2
2

101. (4.00)
Spring force is maximum when the system is released
FSmax = kx0 = 240 N
The limiting friction on A can be
FlA = µ1M A g = 250 N
Hence, block A remains fixed and does not move at all.
The limiting friction on C can be
FlC = µ 2 M C g

31 | P a g e
 Thus maximum acceleration that friction can provide to C is
ac max = µ 2 g = 8.5m/s 2
Friction can easily provide this acceleration to block C hence it will not slip over B. Speed is maximum when the
spring acquires its natural length.
1 1
(M B + M C ) v 2max = kx02
2 2
⇒ vmax = 4 m/s

102. (10.72)
When train is at rest
U min = 5 gL [L = length of pendulum]
2
U min 102
⇒ L= = = 2m
5 g 5 × 10
When the train is moving horizontally at an acceleration ‘a, we can assume that inside the train effective acceleration
due to gravity is

g eff = g 2 + a 2 = 102 + 7.52 = 12.5 m/s2

a 7.5 3
tan θ = = =
g 10 4
θ = 37°

In accelerated train, minimum tension will be at point A.

mVA2
mg eff . + TA =
L
In limiting case TA = 0
mVA2
= mg eff …(1)
L
Applying energy conservation between points P and A
1 1
mVA2 + mg eff L(1 + cos37°) = mu 2
2 2
2 2
u = VA + 2 g eff L(1 + cos37°)

32 | P a g e
 18
= Lg eff + Lg eff
5
23
= Lg eff
5
23
= × 2 × 12.5
5
u = 115 m/s = 10.72 m/s.

103. (0.75)
F
a=
m
P P
P = FV ⇒ V = =
F ma
P
a=
mV
F
V= t
m
1F 2
S= t
2m
F 2P
t= ⋅ t
m m
dv P
=
dt mv
P
vdv = dt
m
2
v P
= t
2 m
2P
v ⋅ t
m
2P
dx = ⋅ tdt
m
2 P t 3/ 2
x= ⋅
m 3/ 2
1F 2 3
⋅t ⋅
Ratio = 2 m 2 = 3 = 0.75
2 P 3/ 2 4
⋅t
m

104. (35)
The bob will experience free fall for a distance of L = 1.8 m. Speed of the bob just before the string gets taut is
u = 2 gL = 2 × 10 × 1.8 = 6 m/s

33 | P a g e
  u
As the string gets taut, the radial component of velocity ur  = u cos 60° =  vanishes. Only the tangential
 2
component will remain.
3u
ut = u cos30° = = 3 3 m/s
2
Energy conservation
1 1 L
mV 2 = mut2 + mg
2 2 2
V 2 = 27 + 10 × 1.8 = 45
V = 3 5 m/s
mV 2
∴T − mg =
L
45
T = 10 + = 35 N
1.8

105. (20)
Increase in gravitational PE = Loss in KE
mgh = 20 J
20
h= = 20 m
0.1 × 10

106. (10)
Since the block does not slide on the wedge. So
(1)(10) 10
f = mg sin(45°) = = N
2 2

 
Now, W f = f ⋅ s
⇒ Wf = (f cos 45°) (2)

34 | P a g e
  10  1 
⇒ Wf =    (2)
 2  2 
⇒ Wf = 10 J

107. (10)
Let m be the mass of B. From Its free-body diagram
T–µN = m (0) = 0
where T is the tension in the string and N = mg
⇒ T = µ (mg)
From the free-body diagram of the spring
T – T ' =0
Where T ' is the force exerted by A on the spring
⇒ T = T ' = µmg

From the free- body diagram of A

2g – (T ' + µN ') = 2(0) = 0
where N' is the normal reaction of the vertical wall of C on A and N' = 2(0) = 0 (because there is no horizontal
acceleration of A)
⇒ 2g = T′ = µmg
2g 2
⇒ m= = = 10 kg
µg 0.2

108. (2)

Since Wnc + Wext = ∆U + ∆K

Let the block move down the incline through a distance x, then
1 2 1
fx cos(180°) + 0 = kx + (− mgx sin θ) + mv 2
2 2
1 1
⇒ −(µ k mg cos θ) x = kx 2 − mgx sin θ + mv 2
2 2

⇒ –1 = 1 – 6 +v2
⇒ v2 = 4
⇒ v = 2 ms–1

109. (3)
35 | P a g e
 Let  0 be the unstretched length of the spring, then by Law of conservation of Energy, we have
(U + K )at A = (U + K )at B
1 2 1 1 1
k (3 −  0 ) + mv A2 = k (5 −  0 ) 2 + mvB2
2 2 2 2
But vB = 0
⇒ (3 −  0 ) 2 + 4 = (5 −  0 ) 2
⇒ (9 − 6 0 ) + 4 = (25 − 10 0 )
⇒ 16 − 4 0 = 4
⇒  0 = 3m

110. (10)
Let u be the speed of ice block when it leaves the table top. Then

1 2 1 2
mu = kx
2 2
k
⇒ u 2 =   x2
m
If v be its speed when it reaches the floor, then By Law of Conservation of Energy, we have
(U + K )at A = (U + K )at B
1 2 1
⇒ mu + mgh = mv 2 + 0
2 2
kx 2
⇒ v = u 2 + 2 gh = + 2 gh
m
Now, x = 5 cm = 0.05 m
k = 2400 Nm–1
m = 120 g = 0.12 kg
h = 2.5 m
(2400)(0.05) 2
⇒ v= + 2(10)(2.5)
0.12
⇒ v = 50 + 50 = 10 ms –1

111. (2)
Using our knowledge of constraint relations, we observe that at any instant xB = 2 x A and vB = 2v A . So let vA = v after
xA = 1m. Using Work Energy Theorem for a non- conservative system, we get Wnc = ∆ U + ∆ K.
Before we make use of the above relation, we must observe that
3 3
1. A moves down by xA, so its potential energy decreases by mAghA where hx = xA sin θ = (1)   = m
5 5

36 | P a g e
 2. B moves up by xB = hB, so its potential energy as well as kinetic energy increases.
⇒ f k x A cos(180°) = ∆U A + ∆K A + ∆U B + ∆K B
4
where f k = µ k m A g cos θ, cos θ = , xA = 1 m, xB = 2m, hA = 0.6 m, mA = 30 kg, m = 5 kg, g = 10 ms–2.
5
⇒ –(µk mA g cos θ) xA
1 1
= −mA ghA + mB ghB + mA v 2 + mB (2v) 2
2 2
Substituting the values, we get
1 4
−   (300)  
5 5
3 1 1
= −(300)   + (50)(2) + (30)v 2 + (5)(2v) 2
5 2 2
⇒ –48 = –180 + 100 + 25 v2
32 4 2
⇒ v= =
25 5

112. (49)
Total work done
Pav =
total time
100 × 1 × 6 × 9.8
= = 49 w
2 × 60
113. (3)

kx = P
P P
1 = ⇒ K =
K 1
1 1
P ( 1 +  2 ) = k  22 − k 12
2 2
1
P ( 1 +  2 ) = k (  2 + 1 )(  2 − 1 )
2
1
P = k (  2 − 1 )
2
1
P = P (  2 / 1 − 1)
2
2
=3
1

114. (80)
A = 10–2 m2

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 Mass coming in one second
Avρ = m
Av = 0.2 m3
10–2 v = 0.2 m3
v = 20 m/s.
Energy required in one second
1
= mgh + mv 2
2
1
= 0.2 × 1000 × 10 × 20 + × 0.2 × 1000(20) 2
2
= 80 kw

115. (54)
P = F.v
P = mav
P P
a= ⇒a=
mv mv
vdv P
=
dx mv
uf
 v3  P 63 − 33 P
⇒   = x = = × 252
 3 u i
m 3 m
m
=4
p
dv p
v =
dt m
u P 62 − 32 t
[v 2 / 2]uif = t⇒ =
m 2 4
t = 54 sec

116. (10)

For the block of mass m2 not to move, the maximum compression in the spring x0 should be such that
kx0 = µm2 g …(1)
Applying work energy theorem to block of mass m1 we get
1 1
m1u 2 = kx02 + µm1 gx0 …(2)
2 2
From equation (1) and (2) we get
1 1 µ 2 m22 g 2 µ 2 m1m2 g 2
m1u 2 = +
2 2 K K
Putting the appropriate value we get u = 10 m/s.

117. (5)

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 x
W f + WF = −µmgx + ∫ (a − bx 2 )dx
0

bx 3 3(a − µmg )
0 = (−µmgx + ax − ) ⇒ x= =5m
3 b

118. (A)
Sol: I-R; II-P; III-S; IV-Q
At t = 4s,
v = at = 8 ms–1
1
and s = at 2 = 16m
2
1
KE = mv 2 = 32 J
2

From Work-Energy Theorem, we have

Work done by all the forces = ∆KE = 32 J
Work done by gravity= –mgh = –(1) (10) (16) = –160 J
Writing equation of motion we have, ∑ Fy = ma
Ncos 30° + f sin 30° –10 = ma = 2
⇒ 3 N + f = 24 …(1)
⇒ ∑F x =0
⇒ N sin 30° = f cos 30°
⇒ N = 3f …(2)
Solving equations (1) and (2), we have
f=6N
18
and N = = 6 3N
3
 3
So, WN = (Ncos θ)(s) = (6 3)   (16) = 144 J
 2 
1
and W f = ( f sin θ)(s) = (6)   (16) = 48 J
2

119. (A)
Sol:

(I) The FBD of block is

Angle between velocity of block and normal reaction on block is obtuse

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 ∴ Work by normal reaction on block is negative. As the block fall by vertical distance h, from work energy
Theorem
Work done by mg + work done by N + Wf = KE of block
1 2
∴ work done by N = mgh − mv + W f
2
Wf < 0
∴ |Work done by N | < mgh
(III) Net work done by force on block is positive, because its kinetic energy has increased.
Also KE of block < mgh
∴ Net work done on block = final KE of block < mgh.

120. (C)
Sol: I-S; II-Q, T; III-R, T; IV-P, T
Point J → No equilibrium
K → Unstable equilibrium
L → Stable equilibrium
M → Neutral equilibrium

121. (A)
(I) From A to B speed (or kinetic energy) will be increasing. Therefore net potential energy should decrease.
(II) From A to B, a part of decrease in gravitational potential energy goes in increasing the kinetic energy and rest
goes in increasing the potential energy of spring.
(III) and (IV): From B to C kinetic and gravitational potential energy are decreasing and spring potential energy is
increasing.
∴ (Decrease in kinetic energy)+(decrease in gravitational potential energy) = increase in spring potential energy.

122. I-R; II-P; III-S; IV-Q

Sol:

Common acceleration of both blocks

Net pulling force
a=
Total mass
20 − 10 10
= = m/s 2
1+ 2 3
10
For 1 kg T − 10 = ma = 1 ×
3
40
∴ T= N
3
1 2 1 10
S= at = × × (0.3) 2 = 0.15 m
2 2 3

40 | P a g e
 (I) Wmg on 2 kg block = (20) (S) cos 0°
= (20)(0.15) = 3 J
(II) Wmg on 1 kg block = (10) (S) cos 180°
= (10)(0.15)(−1)
= –1.5 J
(III) WT on 2 kg block = (T) (S) cos 180°
 40 
=   (0.15)(−1)
 3 
= –2 J
(IV) WT on 1 kg block = (T) (S) cos 0°
 40 
=   (0.15)(1)
 3 
=+2J

123. I-S; II-R; III-P; IV-Q

Sol: vB2 = u A2 − 2 ghAB = (9g ) − (2g ) = 7 g 
⇒ vB = 7 g 
vB2
⇒ =7
g
mvB2
Further, TB = = 7 mg

TB 7
⇒ =
2mg 2
Again, vC2 = v A2 − 2 ghAC = (9 g ) − 2 g (2) = 5 g 
⇒ vC = 5 g 
vC2
⇒ =5
g
mvc2
Further, Tc + mg =

⇒ Tc = 4mg
Tc
⇒ =4
mg

124. I-S; II-R; III-P; IV-Q

v2
Sol: = 9t 2
R
⇒ v 2 = (16)(9t 2 )
⇒ v = 12t
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 dv
⇒ at = = 12
dt
1
⇒ Ft = mat = (12) = 6 N
2
v2
At t = 1s, an = =9
R
9
⇒ Fn = man = N
2
81
⇒ F = Ft 2 + Fn2 = 36 +
4
225 15
⇒ F= = = 7.5 N
4 2
 
P = F ⋅v
⇒ P = ( Ft )(v)
⇒ P = (6) (12) = 72 watt
W
Pav =
t
⇒ Pav = Ft (vav )
1 1

∫ vdt 12 ∫ tdt
But vav = 0
1
= 0

1
∫ dt
0
1
12t 2
⇒ vav = = 6 ms −1
2 0

⇒ Pav = (6)(6) = 36 watt

125. I-Q; II-R; III-P; IV-Q

Sol:
(I)

Wf = f S cos 180° = negative

(II)

(III) and (IV): No solution is required.

126. (A)
 
dW = F ⋅ d 
⇒ dW = k ( x 2 y 3 dx + x 3 y 2 dy )

  x3   y3 
⇒ dW = k  y 3 d   + x3 d   
  3  3 

42 | P a g e
   x3 y 3  
⇒ dW = k  d  
  3 
k 3 3
⇒ W = ∫ dW =
3
(x y )
( a ,0)
k 24
W(0,0)→( a ,0) = ( x3 y 3 ) = (0 − 0) = zero
3 (0,0) 3
127. (C)
( a ,a )
k 9
W( a , 0)→( a , a ) = ( x3 y 3 ) = (a 6 − 0) = 3a 6
3 ( a ,0) 3

128. (C)
( a ,a )
k k ka 6
W(0, 0)→( a , a ) = ( x3 y 3 ) = (a 6 − 0) =
3 (0,0) 3 3

129. (A)
Since, if we observe that
ka 6
W(0, 0)→( a , a ) = W(0, 0)→(a,0)→( a , a ) = W(0, 0)→(0, a )→( a , a ) =
3

So, work done due to this force is independent of the path followed between (0, 0) to (a, a). Hence F is a conservative
force.

130. (B)
In equilibrium (Fnet = 0)
T = kx …(1)
kx
2T + = mg …(2)
2

Solving these equations, we have

2mg 2 × 1 × 10
x= = = 0.4m
5k 5 × 10

131. (A)
Let v be the speed of block placed horizontally, then by Law of Conservation of Energy, we have
2 2
1 2 1 v 1 2 1  x x
mv + m   + kx + k   = mg  
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
5 2 mgx 5 2
⇒ mv = − kx
8 2 8

43 | P a g e
 8  gx 5kx 2 
⇒ v=  − 
5 2 8m 
Substituting the values, we have
8  10 × 0.4 5 × 10 × 0.16 
v=  − 
5 2 8 ×1 
⇒ v = 1.26 ms −1

132. (C)
Velocity at B is
vB = 2 gh = 2 g (2 R )
⇒ vB = 2 gR …(1)
The normal force NB at B is
mv 2
N B = B = 4mg using (1)
R

133. (D)
vC = 2 gh ' = 2 g (3R)

⇒ vC = 6 gR
mvC2
The normal force NC at C is N C = mg +
R
m(6 gR )
⇒ N C = mg + = 7 mg
R

134. (C)
vB = 2 g (2 R ) = 2 gR
Let the final velocity when its stops be v = 0.
Retardation offered beyond D is
a = −  g sin ( 30° ) + µ k g cos ( 30° ) 
g
⇒ a=−
2
( 1 + 3µ k )
Since v 2 − vD2 = 2ax
2g
⇒ 02 − (4 gR ) = −
2
(
1 + 3µ k x )
4R
⇒ x=
1 + 3µ k

135. (C)

Let us consider the motion of a point on the free portion of string on which F is being applied. Then
x = x 1 – x2

44 | P a g e
 2 2
⇒ x= −
sin(30°) sin(37°)
2 2 10
⇒ x= − =4−
1 3 3
   
 2 5
2
⇒ x= m
3
So, work done is
 2  100
W = Fx = 50   = J
3 3

136. (C)
From Work-Energy Theorem, we have
W= ∆K
100 1
⇒ = mv 2 = 5v 2
3 2
20
⇒ v= ms–1
3
137. (B)
F cos(30°)
Initial Acceleration is a1 =
m
F cos(37°)
Final Acceleration is a2 =
m
a 5 3
So, ratio 1 =
a2 8

138. (A)
By work energy theorem
1 2
mg (2 x) − 2µ mgx − kx = 0
2
20 x − 16 x − 50 x 2 = 0
⇒ x = 0.08 = 8 cm

139. (B)
Gravity does work only on the hanging mass and it is equal to = mg(2x) = 10 × 0.16 = 1.6 J

140. (C)
Work done by spring force = energy stored in it
1 2 1
= kx = × 100 × (0.08) 2
2 2
0.0064 × 100
= = 0.32 J
2
141. (C)

As shown in figure fr + 8 = 20 ⇒ fr = 12 N
fmax = 0.8 × 20 = 16 N

142. (A)

45 | P a g e
 At any instant where 2m has been displaced by x.
So, mg – T = 2ma …(i)
2T – kx – 2 µmg = 2ma …(ii)
From eqns. (i) and (ii), we have
2mg – kx – 2µmg = 6ma
For max velocity, a = 0
2mg (1 − µ) 20 × 0.2
⇒ x= = = 0.04 = 4 cm
k 100
Alternate method:
Velocity of blocks will be maximum when their acceleration become zero. From mass 2m
kx + l6 = 20 ⇒ x = 4 cm

143. (D)
Equation can be written as,
v2 = (9 + 4s)
Comparing this with v2 = u2 + 2as, we get
u = 3 ms–1 and a = 2 ms–1
At t =0, velocity is 3 ms–1 and at t = 2 s, velocity is 7 ms–1. From Work Energy Theorem, we have
W = Kf – Ki
1
⇒ W= M (v 2f − vi2 )
2
1
⇒ W = (2)(49 − 9)
2
⇒ W = 40 J

144. (A)
3
Pav = Pnst
4
W 3
⇒ = Fvnst
t 4
2 2
1 (v f − vi ) 3
⇒ m = (mav)
2 t 4
3
⇒ (3 + 2t ) 2 − (3) 2 = atv
2
3
⇒ 9 + 4t 2 + 12t − 9 = (2)(t )(3 + 2t )
2
2 2
⇒ 4t + 12t = 9t + 6t
⇒ 2t 2 = 3t
⇒ t = 1.5 s

145. (C)
Let lower spring compresses maximum by x metre, then by Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy, we have
 Decreases in potential   Increases in elastic potential 
 = 
 energy of block   energy of both the springs 

46 | P a g e
 1 1
⇒ (2)(10)( x + 1) = × 10 × x 2 + × 10 × ( x + 1) 2
2 2
⇒ 20 x + 20 = 5 x 2 + 5 x 2 + 5 + 10 x
⇒ 10 x 2 − 10 x − 15 = 0
⇒ 2x2 − 2x − 3 = 0
2 ± 4 + 24
⇒ x=
4
⇒ x = 1.82 m
So, maximum extension in the upper spring is
xmax = 1 + x = 2.82 m

146. (D)
At equilibrium position net force on the block should be zero. So, let it is at distance y from where it was released.
Then.
mg = Ky + K (y –1)
⇒ 20 = 10y + 10 (y –1)
⇒ 20y = 30
∴ y = 1.5 m

147. (D)

7 gL
u=
2
By Law of conservation of Energy, we get
1 7 gL 1
m = mgL + mv12
2 2 2
⇒ 7 gL = 4 gL + 2v12
3
⇒ v12 = gL
2
  
∆v = v1 − u

  3 ˆ  7 
⇒ ∆v =  gL  j −  gL  iˆ
 2   2 
 3 7 gL
⇒ | ∆v |= gL +
2 2

⇒ | ∆v |= 5 gL

47 | P a g e
148. (A)

1  7 gL  1 2
m  = mgL(1 + sin θ) + mv
2  2  2
⇒ 7 gL = 4 gL(1 + sin θ) + 2v 2
⇒ 2v 2 = gL(3 − 4sin θ) …(1)
Also, when the motion ceases to be circular, then T = 0
mv 2
⇒ = mg sin θ
L
⇒ v 2 = gL sin θ
⇒ 2 gL sin θ = gL(3 − 4sin θ)
⇒ 6sin θ = 3
⇒ θ = 30°

149. (A)
gL
v 2 = gL sin(30°) =
2

⇒ v = −v sin θˆi + v cos θˆj
 gL 1 ˆ ˆ 3
⇒ v= (– i + j )
2 2 2
gL ˆ
⇒ (−i + 3 ˆj )
8

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