manav mangal school

Class: X
Subject: Computer Science
Chapter 6: Basics of Artificial Intelligence

Key Terms

1. Intelligence: It is defined as mental capability that involves the ability to reason, to

plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend complex ideas, to learn
quickly and to learn from experience.

2. Human Intelligence: It is defined as the quality of the mind that is made up of

capabilities to learn from past experience, adaptation to new situations, handling of
abstract ideas and the ability to change individual’s own environment using the gained
knowledge.

3. Artificial Intelligence (AI): It is a technique which enables computers to mimic

human behaviour.

4. Machine Learning: It is subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that provides systems

the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being
explicitly programmed.

5. Deep Learning: It is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) function that imitates the workings
of the human brain in processing data and creating patterns for use in decision making.

6. Data Science: Data science is the field of study that combines programming skills
and knowledge of mathematics and statistics to extract meaningful insights from data.

7. Computer Vision: It is a field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that trains computers to

interpret and understand the visual world.

8. Natural Language Processing (NLP): It is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

that deals with the interaction between computers and humans using the natural
language.

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 Abbreviations

1. AI: Artificial Intelligence

2. ML: Machine Learning
3. DL: Deep Learning
4. LISP: List Processing
5. NLP: Natural Language processing
6. AV: Autonomous Vehicle
7. LISP: List Processing
8. GPU: Graphics Processing Unit

Long Question – Answers

1. Define the terms:

(a) Intelligence (b) Artificial Intelligence (c) Machine Learning
(d) Deep Learning
Ans. (a) Intelligence: It is defined as mental capability that involves the ability to
reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend
complex ideas, to learn quickly and to learn from experience. Intelligence
integrates cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory,
language and planning.

(b) Artificial Intelligence: It is a theory and development of computer systems

that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Speech
recognition, decision making, virtual perception, language translation are
some examples of the tasks that require human intelligence.

(c) Machine learning: It is subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that provides

systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience
without being explicitly programmed. It enables machines to learn by
themselves using the provided data and made accurate predictions/decisions.

(d) Deep Learning: It is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) function that imitates the
workings of the human brain in processing data and creating patterns for use
in decision making. It enables software to train itself to perform tasks with
vast amount of data. It is called so as it makes use of deep neural networks.

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2. Explain any four areas where Artificial Intelligence can be implemented.
Ans.
i. Google Translate: Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine
translation service developed by Google, to translate text, documents and websites
from one language into another.
ii. Google Maps: Google Maps provides a route planner, allowing users to find
available directions through driving, public transportation, walking, or
biking. Google Maps uses machine learning in combination with various data
sources including aggregate location data, historical traffic patterns, local
government data, and real-time feedback from users, to predict traffic.
iii. Smart Home Devices: Artificial Intelligence is used in smart home devices to
adjust the temperature of air conditioners and microwave ovens and lighting of our
sources of electricity.
iv. Video Games: In video games, artificial intelligence (AI) is used to generate
responsive, adaptive or intelligent behaviours in non-player characters similar to
human-like intelligence. The video game player plays the game with a couple of
AI powered Bots. Bots are players. They just read the player's positions from the
server just like every other player does and use those values combined with a
simple AI script to perform actions in the game by simulating keyboard strokes and
mouse clicks programmatically.

3. Write differences between:

(a)Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
(b)Machine Learning and Deep Learning

Ans. (a) Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning

It is the broader concept of machines It is an application of Artificial

being able to carry out tasks in a way that Intelligence based around the idea that we
we would consider “smart”. should be able to give machines access to
data and let them learn for themselves.

The goal is to simulate natural The goal is to learn from data on certain
intelligence to solve complex tasks to maximize the performance of
problem. machine on the given task.

It is decision making. It allows the system to learn new things

from data.
It leads to developing a system to mimic It involves in creating self-learning
humans to respond in certain algorithms.
circumstances.

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b) Machine Learning and Deep Learning

Attributes Machine Leaning Deep Learning

Data Dependencies Excellent performances on a Excellent performance on a

small /medium dataset. big dataset.

Hardware Can work on a low-end Requires powerful machine

Dependencies machine

Features Need to understand the No need to understand the

features that represent the features that represent the
data. data.
Execution time From few minutes to hours. From Hours to weeks. Neural
networks need time for
computation.
Number of Algorithms Many Few

4. Write differences between:

Waze Maps and Google maps

Ans.

Waze Maps Google Maps

It is community based It is more data based

It requires a data connection It is available Offline

It does not incudes business data It includes business data such as menus,
hours and phone numbers.
It offers a high level of customization. It is fairly basic.

Short Question – Answers

1. Write a short note on LISP.

Ans. LISP, an acronym for list processing, is a programming language that was
designed for easy manipulation of data strings. Developed in 1959 by John McCarthy, it
is a commonly used language for artificial intelligence (AI) programming.

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 2. Diagrammatically list the types of Intelligence.
Ans.

3. Explain the relationship between AI, Machine Learning and Deep

learning.
Ans. Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning is a
subset of Machine Learning.

4. Write a short note on Siri.

Ans. Siri is a popular personal assistant offered by Apple in Iphone and Ipad .The
friendly female voice – activated assistant interacts with the user on a daily routine. It
assist us to find information, get directions, send messages, make voice calls, open
applications and add events to the calendar etc.

5. Write a short note on Netflix.

Ans. Netflix is a widely popular content-on-demand service that uses predictive
technology to offer recommendations on the basis of consumers’ reaction, interests,

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 choices, and behaviour. The technology examines from a number of records to
recommend movies based on your previous liking and reactions.

6. ‘Robot Waiters’ giving a futuristic spin to dining. Discuss it.

Ans The tech-savvy restaurants have started delivering unique and innovative dining
experiences through the use of robots and waiters. The robots are battery operated and
can be controlled by sensors. The robot waiters and waitresses are elegantly attired
and move on predetermined paths across the eateries. They are programmed to
cheerfully greet the patrons at their tables.

Very Short Question – Answers

1. What is the main purpose of Artificial Intelligence?

Ans. The main purpose of Artificial Intelligence is to make a machine intelligent.

2. What are the characteristics that a machine acquires to be intelligent?

Ans. The machine should be capable of thinking, reasoning and learning.

3. Name three applications where Artificial Intelligence has expanded itself.

Ans. Planning and Scheduling, Playing games and Robotics.

4. Who is the creator of computer language “LISP”?

Ans. John McCarthy

5. Who coined the term “Artificial Intelligence”?

Or
Who is Father of Artificial Intelligence?
Ans. John McCarthy

6. Who coined the term “Machine Learning”?

Ans. Arthur Samuel

7. What is the important task of Deep Learning?

Ans. Deep Learning mimics the network of neurons in a brain.

8. What are the components of ‘Information’ in decision making?

Ans ‘Information’ includes our past experience, intuition, knowledge and self
awareness.

9. What are One-way door decisions?

Ans. One-way door decisions are decisions that can’t be easily reversed.
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 10.What are two-way door decisions?
Ans. Two-way door decisions are decisions that can be easily reversed.

11.What is Big Data?

Ans. Big data is a term that describes the large volume of data, both structured
and unstructured that inundates a business on a day-to-day basis.

12. Name three domains of AI models.

Ans. The three domains of AI model are Data Science, Computer vision and Natural
Language Processing unit.

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