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C_Programming_Errors_Theory

The document outlines the various types of errors in C programming, including syntax, logical, runtime, linker, and semantic errors. Each type is defined with examples and details on when they are detected and their causes. Understanding these errors is crucial for writing correct and efficient C programs.

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ajayjangira8955
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2 views

C_Programming_Errors_Theory

The document outlines the various types of errors in C programming, including syntax, logical, runtime, linker, and semantic errors. Each type is defined with examples and details on when they are detected and their causes. Understanding these errors is crucial for writing correct and efficient C programs.

Uploaded by

ajayjangira8955
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C Programming: Complete Theory Revision Booklet

Types of Errors in C Programming

What is an Error in Programming?

An error is any mistake in the program that prevents it from running correctly or compiling successfully. Errors

can occur due to incorrect syntax, wrong logic, improper input, or unexpected conditions.

Main Types of Errors in C:

1. Syntax Errors:

These occur when the programmer breaks the rules of the C language grammar. Detected during

compilation.

Example:

int main() {

printf("Hello World"); // Missing semicolon - Syntax error

return 0;

2. Logical Errors:

These occur when the program runs without crashing, but gives wrong output due to a mistake in logic. Not

detected by compiler.

Example:

int a = 5, b = 10;

printf("Sum = %d", a - b); // Logical error: should be a + b

3. Runtime Errors:

These happen while the program is running, often due to illegal operations (like division by zero). Detected

during execution.

Example:

int a = 10, b = 0;
C Programming: Complete Theory Revision Booklet

printf("%d", a / b); // Runtime Error: Division by zero

4. Linker Errors:

Occur when the program is compiled but the linker fails to resolve function names or variables.

Example:

void fun(); // Declared

int main() {

fun(); // Called

// No definition for fun() - Linker Error

5. Semantic Errors:

These occur when the syntax is correct, but the meaning of the program is not logically valid.

Example:

float area = 3.14 * 5 * 5; // Should use 3.14f for float accuracy

Summary Table:

Type of Error | When Detected | Causes | Detected By | Can Compile? | Output?

------------------|-------------------|-------------------------------|------------------|--------------|-----------------

Syntax Error | Compile-time | Wrong grammar/syntax | Compiler | No | No

Logical Error | Run-time or later | Wrong logic | Programmer | Yes | Wrong output

Runtime Error | Run-time | Invalid operations (e.g. /0) | System at run | Yes | May crash

Linker Error | Linking stage | Missing definitions | Linker | No | No

Semantic Error | Compile-time | Misuse of correct syntax | Compiler/Logic | Yes or No |

Unexpected

Conclusion:

Understanding different types of errors is essential for writing correct and efficient C programs. Syntax errors

are easiest to fix, but logical and runtime errors require careful thinking, testing, and debugging.

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