Scribd
Upload
16 views5 pages

Chapter 3. Resultant of Force Systems PART 1 (1)

This document provides an overview of the concepts related to the resultant of force systems, including how to calculate force components and moments. It outlines objectives, topics, and illustrative problems to help understand the resultant of forces and their components. Additionally, it includes exercises for practical application of the concepts learned.

Uploaded by

Rhona Jude Villareal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views5 pages

Chapter 3. Resultant of Force Systems PART 1 (1)

This document provides an overview of the concepts related to the resultant of force systems, including how to calculate force components and moments. It outlines objectives, topics, and illustrative problems to help understand the resultant of forces and their components. Additionally, it includes exercises for practical application of the concepts learned.

Uploaded by

Rhona Jude Villareal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

3

Resultant of Force Systems


Learning After finishing this lesson, you are expected to:
Objectives
1. Understand the concepts of the resultant of a force and
its components.
2. Calculate the equivalent pair of components of a given
force.
3. Calculate and define completely the characteristics of a
resultant for a given force system.
4. Understand and calculate the moment of a force and
couple.

Topics 3.1. Introduction


3.2. Forces and its Components
3.3. Resultant of Three or More Concurrent Forces
3.4. Moment of a Force
3.5 Resultant of Parallel Force Systems
3.6 Couple
3.7 Resolution of a Force into a Couple
3.8 Resultant of Non-Concurrent Force Systems

3.1 Introduction
Resultant – the single effect of a system of forces on a body or the
summation of all the force vectors acting on a body. The value of the resultant
determines the motion of the body.
Note: If the resultant is zero, the body will be in equilibrium and will not
change its original state of motion.

3.2 Forces and its Components


It is frequently desirable to resolve each force into a pair of right-angle
components for analytical calculation.
y y

Fy F F
Fy
Ɵ
Ɵ
Fx x
y

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


3
The relations between the force F and its components Fy and Fx are
determined using the basic definitions of the sine and cosine of the angle Ɵ x.
From the definition of the sine and cosine functions:
𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑥
FF 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑦 =
𝐹 𝐹
FyFy 𝑭𝒚 = 𝑭 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒙 𝑭𝒙 = 𝑭 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝒙
Ɵ y
Fx
y
From Pythagorean Theorem of the right triangles formed by force F and the
components Fx and Fy

𝟐
𝑭 = √(𝑭𝒙 )𝟐 + (𝑭𝒚 ) (Resultant of the components Fx and Fy)

𝑭𝒚
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒙 = (Position of force F with respect to x-axis)
𝑭𝒙

The direction of F is determined by the signs of its components; this is clearly


explained in the table which follows:

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


3
Illustrative Problems:
1. A force 300 N is directed as shown. Determine the x and y components of
the force.

Solution:
Using the relations of the sine and cosine functions and by projecting
the axes, we discover that the sign of Fx is negative and Fy is positive, we
get:
𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑥 = −300 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30°
𝑭𝒙 = −𝟐𝟓𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝑵
𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑥 = 300 sin 30 °

𝑭𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑵
To check: From the formula:

𝐹 = √𝐹𝑥 2 + 𝐹𝑦 2 = √(−259.81)2 + (150)2


𝑭 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑵
𝐹𝑦 150
tan 𝜃𝑥 = 𝐹 = 259.81 = 0.577
𝑥

𝜽𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎°

2. Determine the components of the 150 lb force directed down to the right at
a slope of 2 to 3 as shown.

Solution:
In this problem, the direction of the force is defined by its slope instead
of its angle. It is simpler and more direct to compute the hypotenuse of the
slope of the triangle and use similar triangles or ratio and proportion.

ℎ = √(3)2 + (2)2 = √13

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


3
By similar triangles:
𝐹𝑥 2 𝐹𝑦 3
= =
𝐹 √13 𝐹 √13
2 3
𝐹𝑥 = (150) 𝐹𝑦 = (150)
√13 √13

𝑭𝒙 = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟐𝟏 𝒍𝒃 𝑭𝒚 = −𝟏𝟐𝟒. 𝟖𝟏 𝒍𝒃

3. Compute the components of the force F = 500 lb with respect to the given x
and y axes if the inclined plane makes an angle 𝛼 = 30°.

Solution:
By the law of right triangles, force F makes an angle of 30O with the specified
x-axis, hence, axes x and y can be rotated as:

Using the definition of the sine and cosine functions,


𝐹𝑦
sin 𝛼 = 𝐹
𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹 sin 𝛼 = 500 (sin 30° )
𝑭𝒚 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒍𝒃 (𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆)
𝐹
cos 𝛼 = 𝐹𝑥
𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹 cos 𝛼 = 500 (cos 30°)
𝑭𝒙 = 𝟒𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟏 𝒍𝒃 (𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆)

References:
➢ Beer, F. P., Johnston, E. R., Mazurek, D. F., Cornwell, P. J., Self, B. P. (2018).
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics. United Kingdom:
McGraw-Hill Education
➢ Goodno, B. J., Gere, J. (2018). Statics and Mechanics of Materials. United
States: Cengage Learning
➢ Singer, F. L. (1975). Engineering Mechanics. United Kingdom: Harper & Row

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


3
EXERCISE No. 3

Name: _____________________________________ Course/Year: ___________


Instructor: __________________________________ Rating: ________________

Instruction: Answer the following problems.

PROBLEMS:
1. Determine the X and Y components of the forces shown.

2. Find the components of the force of gravity of the block F=10 lb that rest in
a plane inclined at an angle 𝜃 = 20° with respect to the axis parallel and
perpendicular to the incline.

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges

You might also like