-Chemica!
Bonding
Octet Rle
atoms ion
cOVALeNr BoND
L by muual shai ng
dietional)
c- blw 2 atoy of sinnilar
ohich has Be- în outermost shell- stade lomplete he OH et:
octet is incomplete then, try do
octece complete the
by - complete tf ef e- (lonic bond) V8T
Sharing e- (ovalent bond) to fon covalent bond
Shel obital
ovetappl
2 atony.
Exceptions
douplet complele
hauf flledl Valence
iectin in
e-g- Ha, H,o, N, (Hychogtr) - orbitals Came closey n the
inomplete octec - eg max m over lappí g
Bete deidols chrenh of bord,
tendeney
leuwis ad.
to accept e eXtent of
Dverlapping
2 ypes of overlopping
Super o¢et
SF ) coaal over lapping (heod to heaoy Crbord)
odd e
Speies - eg No, NO, (not much (ú) ollateral ovedapping ( Sicleto side) (r bordy)
stable ; So
8, n, (Diboy an) e- eristdrs dimer) $-s ovevlopPi S-povedaP2:
dejdet (12euyed) (Req - l6e)
Banana bond (3c- 2e-) 2p
bond (2C-2e)
sing Is -ls |s
Coaxial
collateYal ’ 2e
COvaleney -(Covalent bond t loordiate bond )
P-p coRiat
Pormal dhavge bonding
PC= valen @ non- bowdi rg (ndo, of shaocd e-)
e
Lromtfibonaing Lnodal Plane.
p-p collaeral overleyping
10NIC BONDnon- dlrettanal
bonding
electost ate fora
Case fonic
attracti Dn blu opp. ion 8-8-8 n(2,)
1 noda phns
faw. conditi on to fom ionic
AH mt be -ve
bond -
antbondlng 2 nodal plane.
(ow IE, she ds. Merty Sigma(~) bond PiCr) bond
in lonic Compound directfnal " non~ díretional
Co valent char ate
More stpg lecs strong.
(PAZAN'S RULE) cation
hae
attratt Polarien«charge maxm overlappirg
poaizaho cation hybid osbitas fo on bond only.
DOwey
Cation
anion
Jloi sed Anion
orbitals.
e fomed by non- hybid
Pol chge
PNGC (Pseudo noble gas tonftig) s osbitat’ 0on-dín ecional les ouestapping
G morr Polaisation power than Pid f osbitat ’ ditecional mor
oher cations e.g- Ag Aut,cuta HË Zh
Bond strenth
Chay.
in H,o' V
2p-2p 72s-2p 2s-25
lonje Potential () n‘ bond Sthengh (8s) J
(9 = Change of cation Mp
biagonal ratonip - asems |1s-1s > 2p-2p 7 2p-2s7 2s -2s> 3p3p 3s-3p >3s-3s
Be
Nu
BL
Spsp < Sp'-sp?<sp²-sp <Sp²-sp < Sp -Sp
HreRID1SATION
h0obitals of
A8y A8,., A8,-2
almost
same nlrgy combíno Shape- tehahedras Pyramidal
vedistibute thei form osbitals of amguiar
exacy Same energy some shape. NH, Po ,so, H,ot
ne orbitals
hybád osbitals.
Jtomet
Stat
y shape
A.
ç decidud by ho hybid
Spt Sps ABy4 A6,
shape - TB P See-Saw Bent T-shaps Linear
k -fhapP
No. of hyboid osbitab = (r + Lp) n,f,
Bs
2= yaleue -a
Monob
-alent
atom
Geometsy
’ ineas -F e 186 eyBefale
AB A6ybe
Shape -
Spa tigonat pamar 120°
Si
Sp² ’ tetahecal = /03-5 or lo3 2g!
axia! distotedr
Bipyramidal (126, J8) anunetical
cquibiat
AB4 A6,4
Sp3d Oltadeda Shape - PBP Shape- distorte
(36, 96) Octahedial
Ye
Portagonal
bipyoaidal (42,98)
Bent Rule a, more Gy tasiel posiion pe
b. Lp at
(ha) p
’ hy boi +? cdd e- gpeig
Gcouht odd er only i cons
more cdectoregain
BOND ANGLe
hemo ow basic vacant otbital as per hybidsction
spa < sp²a <Sp²d < Se < sp <sp
VsEPR ( due pap
geomehy shape (lp=o)
Repusjon 1 2.
Spl AB, A&L1 If hyb. = samm no. of Lp ’ sane hen.
shape - lineay çnear < G of CA
eg- Bef,,W, HCN BA
AB3 A6,L1 - Pu, <eBr,<PE,
Sp2
Shape - tgonal Plonar V-shape
e4 - s0,, Snlz sostuctusal ’ Shape same
Factoxs effeching Dp
MoT (Mkculan Orbital Theory) K AMiff in
mo( Mole cular oxbitau) ane fomed
Llênear tombinatin atDmic oxbiay LeAo) HC
3-2.1
Br
2-3 -2-1
HI
2r-2.1
- By addition overlapping (6ondi ng Mo)
By Subha i (antibondin ho) *
25 +2, X IS+ 2s X
enert a
(07I20mzp3
Electronie Confiquvatjon of (MO s)
(A) CN
pola
rls, is>, 2s), s) (2f)= n() uto
*(2
Intva
(B) z14 H-bond.
9 66 (thuoy
r(ls), (is), (2s), o (2s) lPP), jonicharacker
-X100
Lno S-P
Bo=J2 CNg - NA)|o 4 antb. e". no.of bondy HYDROQeN BO ND
bw elemnl
Lonoof bonding e (a) Intramolecular - (mor G)
Goitin molee.
Species. eig- o-Ntophend Salyaldlhy do
Speies does not exist e- He,,
Be Ne et.
lo 13 l6
15 2 2-5 3 2:5 2 (b) Intermok Cular H-bond blw 2 mole cule
when Bosame for similan speies ;hore
the antibon dirg es tess Hhe bs alcolret is
sble in Ho
Shength of H-bonding
hen Bo = Sarne for diffevent speúe ;
then
Síze
Bs If hen strerts o H-tord
Cg (cC)’ Boh Bonds anu Tbondi)
for Poly atomic peies -Bo total bonds blw Af8 (0) e-n -F< P-n --o
C4-8) No. of R.S O-nhhophano) iota H BPJ mor Volatile
DR
BP. p-aitophknol ’ intes H 8P‘ les
bp oxder HU <H8 <H-I {HA) H-bDndi,
(+ bond blw n 8
H,s < H,Se < HTe
Ho
DIPoLE moMENT Phs cAiM; (NA < sbny <Bis
esu.Cn (CG9
Adie strength <L
= 333 (o 3o CM
H-bondiny
SI vrit - (debye) Co ulonb metr
Physica statr 1o lig (du t H-bore molctulas)
+ non-polar Ks gas (ho H-bondi)
"towads moe En
" Lto polar
" ff symn. quomety then
Suasau tention & H-bonding
al the
+ermp
Lone San
temp. foms dimey
can hawe polar bonds&e-f " Pseudo Mo la Mas
f LPolar bord Cng coon aaic aid) 12o (6ox 2)
7 hlorad hydrate CC,- CHO. Ho
Lstable
ceapiu hantng singe Cavbon
ye-a 2dhelate
HBo, Stable cu to H-bondiy
DNA, frotein 7
Glucese wea ’ soud due to
H-bondiy
sob ity only
Qre
hose organi Dof
Souble in watr oich
fom H- bonod ets H,o.
eg- cohal, amines, anb onyl comp. e.
lower alcahol more souble han higher
Cause hy doplionie part (1)
H-bondig
) Carbon
in Sp edal Cases
jnkrmolelar H -berd
Chloo fom acetons
inkmoleuler
h-bond
2) Chonns -
Bnta H-bonding.
Hu do not show H
bonding
